研究生英语翻译必考整理.docx

1、 正反译法1.Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use,so that they may unlock the doors of the knowledge,the gates that guard the entrances to the professions,to science,art ,literature agriculture-every department of human endeavor.正说反译例句：1.Admission by Invitation Only.2. He loses no time in practicing English.3. I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.译文：1.要想取得为人们所获得并保持的成就，人们就必须不断运用自身的才能，使其不会生锈，从而打开知识的大门，亦即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种门类：科学、艺术、文学、农业等。（正说反译+词类转换）1.非请勿入2.他抓紧一切时间练习英语。3.文章已拜读，没想到你这么年轻。2,As Professor Nazemi refused to answer, a classmate offered, “Dude, you can use.”再如：(1)The specification lacks detail. (2)Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. (3)If we dont get more money, community theater will cease to exist here.译文2,纳齐米教授不予回答，一个同学于是建议：“哥们，你可以告他。”(1) 这份说明书不够详尽。(2) 润滑良好使轴承不易受损。(3) 如果筹措不到更多的资金，这里的社区剧院就将不复存在。3,And I do know Im going to lose.(1) Please keep the fire burning.(2) “Had you ever sen the man before then?”No, I dont. He was a total stranger.”(3) Some men of insight actively discourage people from excess consumption.译文3，而我知道胜利肯定不属于我。(1) 别让火灭了。(2) “你以前见过此人吗？”“没有。我根本不认识他。”(3) 一些有识之士积极劝阻人们不要过量消费。4.要做到这一点，首先要尽量过一种比较自由自在的生活那种不会让你在探寻生活的奥妙之前，生活的各种可能性就业已土崩瓦解的生活。APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open rather than closed in its approach.译文：The essential first step is trying to live a less fearful life-one that avoids collapsing lifes possibilities before exploring them.亚太经合组织必须一视同仁，并且在态度上必须是开放而不是封闭的。2、 引申法1.然而，一旦你开始慢慢接受这种主张，它就会让你感到不安。(1) 她阅尽人间沧桑，似乎一切都尽显在她眼中，严肃、微妙，难以言表。译文：But this assertion has an unsetting quality to it once you let it seep in. She has a vast heritage of experience,which seems to brood in her eyes, too solemn and too subtle for expression.3、 直译加注法1.“I look forward to working closely with him on a number of areas, including growth and investment in Africa,opportunities for South-South learning,and bank instruments to better support countries hit by high energy and agriculture prices,” he said.译文：他说：“我期待与他在诸多领域进行密切合作，包括非洲的发展和投资、南南（发展中国之间）相互学习的机会以及通过银行来更好地支持因能源及农产品价格居高不下而受到影响的国家。”4、 词性转换法1.Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that,if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately cannot do the work required of them.即使是最为勤勉的人也不妨尽可用它作为警示（完全可以用它来警示自己）：如果一个人有才而不用，就像搁置不用的铁钥匙一样，这些才能很快会锈迹斑斑，并最终无法完成给予自己的工作。 例句：a.Ive pinned a note on the notice board as a reminder of our meeting next week. b.This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right” word at the right place. c.The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver.a.我在布告牌上别了个小纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。b这篇文章说明他能够把词用得很得体。c.交通图非常复杂，使卡车司机如坠迷雾。2.Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use,so that they may unlock the doors of the knowledge,the gates that guard the entrances to the professions,to science,art ,literature agriculture-every department of human endeavor.正说反译例句：1.Admission by Invitation Only.4. He loses no time in practicing English.5. I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.译文：1.要想取得为人们所获得并保持的成就，人们就必须不断运用自身的才能，使其不会生锈，从而打开知识的大门，亦即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种门类：科学、艺术、文学、农业等。（正说反译+词类转换）1.非请勿入2.他抓紧一切时间练习英语。3.文章已拜读，没想到你这么年轻。3.以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words,out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your personal bent in the choice of studies.4.Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium, Holland, Spain and Italy taking part.例：The only access to the farmhouse in across the fields.This program was not popular with all of the troops.Each time out was a continuation, not a repetition.译文：几年前，该赛事还仅局限于欧洲范围内，参赛国家只有法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利。 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。 并不是所有军方都喜爱这一方案。 每日出游一次，都是上次的继续而不是重复。5.Article 4 The law shall be equally applied to anyone who commits a crime. No one shall have the privilege of the transcending the law. 例The particular of Iceland is also heavily populated.第4条 对任何人犯罪，在适用法律上一律平等。不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。冰岛这块小地方人口也很稠密。6.Petroleum is the largest source of liquid fuel,and, in spite of attempts to develop synthetic fuels, and the continued use of solid fuels, world consumption of petroleum is about four times greater now than in 1940.例：We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years.Vietnamese War is a serious drain on America resources.译文：石油是液体燃料的最大来源。尽管人们在努力发展合成燃料，而且在继续使用着固体燃料，但是当今世界石油产品的总消耗量仍然比1940年增加了大约三倍。 据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年的历史。 越南战争严重地消耗着美国的资源。7.Distillation was originally carried out in batch-stills and, although this is still done for special purposes,the development of the pipe-still has revolutionised refinery processes, since it allows continuous vaporisation and rectification of the fractions.蒸馏原先是在间歇蒸馏内进行的。虽然为了某些特殊需要仍要沿用这种方法，但是管式精馏器的开发已革新了提炼过程，因为它可以使石油连续蒸发并分馏出精馏液。8.孩子们可能会和网上的陌生人见面，他们也可能在网上浏览到色情作品，这些都让家长们感到非常恐慌。 绝对不许违反这个原则。 振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。Parents have great fear about their children meeting strangers on the Internet and about their possible exposure to pornography.No violation of this principle can be tolerated.The vitality of science and technology and the prosperity of economy must based on education.9.World Bank President Zoellick said Lin, the founding director of the China Center for Economic Research(CCER) at Peking University, would bring to the bank the perspective of a developing country on agriculture issues, as well as on economic challenges in Africa, where China has aggressively sought trade and investment opportunities.世界银行行长罗伯特佐利克说，身为北京大学中国经济研究中心（CCER）创建者兼主任的林毅夫会让世界银行从发展中国家的视角来审视农业问题以及非洲在经济上面临的挑战，而中国一直积极地在非洲寻求贸易和投资机遇。10.Chinas experiences can help the World Bank shore up its leading role in global poverty reduction.中国的经验可以帮助世界银行巩固自己作为全球减贫领导者的角色。11,Lin, 55, is expected to take his positions as the global development lenders senior vice president for development economic and chief economist on May 31.预计55岁的林毅夫会在5月31日走马上任，担任这个全球开发借贷机构负责发展经济学的高级副行长兼首席经济学家。12.然而她并不是涂抹一些至真至纯的爱情图景使读者获得某种虚幻的满足，而是充分暴露男女关系的世俗面目现实的算计，钱与色的交易，赤裸裸的欲望，相互间的利用从而为她的故事铺设了乱世苍凉的背景，染上了灰色的人生体验。She did not draw on a vista of pure love just to satisfy readers illusion. On the contrary ,she presented the earthy aspects of relationships: practical calculations, exchange of money and sex, unmasked desires, and mutual utilization. Her stories are framed by dreary settings and tinged with dingier experience in life.13.What teacher or professor can possibly police a room full of determined goof-offs while also delivering an engaging lesson?有哪个老师或教授能够一边监督者满教室混日子的学生，一边又绘声绘色地授课呢？5、 主被动转换法1. The different hydrocarbons present in petroleum have different boiling temperatures,and the fractions can therefore be isolated according to their boiling temperatures.2,Lin, 55, is expected to take his positions as the global development lenders senior vice president for development economic and chief economist on May 31.译文：1.石油中所含的各种碳氢化物的沸点各不相同，因此可以根据组分沸点的不同进行分馏。 2.预计55岁的林毅夫会在5月31日走马上任，担任这个全球开发借贷机构负责发展经济学的高级副行长兼首席经济学家。6、 增补法（包括重复法）1.Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success.例句：1.Success is often just an idea way.2. Money is a good servant but a bad master. 译文：正如想要拥有自由就必须保持警惕一样，要想取得伟大而持久的成功，就必须坚持不懈地努力。 1.成功（与否）往往只是一念之差。 2.金钱是个好仆人（你支配它）；但又是个坏主人（它支配你）2.趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门的学问。 例：大作收到，十分高兴。 交翻译作业前，要多读几遍。译文：While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourself to a special field of study? I was very glad to have received your writing. Before you hand in your translation, you have to read it over and over again.3.And now you.例句：when I turned around, John was grinning,expectant, studying my face intently to see if he had pleased me. He had. 译文：而今又令你怦然心动。 例：我转过身，只见约翰正咧着嘴笑，满脸期待的神情；他热切的目光想从我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。4.院内养花种草，整齐有序，四季都有宜人的景色。例句：外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。译文：Grown with flowers and plants and carpeted with lawns, the courtyards look neat and orderly, presenting pleasing scenes all the year around. Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs. Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new China. Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win.5.Article 3 For acts that are explicitly defined as criminal acts in law, the offenders shall be convicted and punished in accordance with law, otherwise, they shall not be convicted or punished.例句：They were ready to be disposed of by their parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest relations.译文：第三条 法律明文规定为犯罪行为的，依照法律定罪处罚；法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的，不得定罪处罚。 如其父母健在，由父母领回；若父母已故，则由近亲代领。6.Chinese Professor Named World Bank Chief Economist.例句：In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. United,we stand; divided, we fall.译文：中国教授被任命为世界银行首席经济学家。 例句：在物质丰富的年代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。 合则存，分则亡。7,”As our first chief economist from a developing country, and an expert on economic development and particularly agriculture, Justin Lin brings a unique set of skills and experience to the World Bank Group, Zoellick said.例句Corruption is still prevalent in that country.译文：佐利克说：“作为我们首位来自发展中国家的首席经济学家、经济发展问题特别是农业问题的专家，林毅夫会给世界银行集团带来一套独特的技能和经验。” 在那个国家腐败现象依然广泛存在。8.Lin, 55, is expected to take his positions as the global development lenders senior vice president for development economic and chief economist on May 31.译文:预计55岁的林毅夫会在5月31日走马上任，担任这个全球开发借贷机构负责发展经济学的高级副行长兼首席经济学家。9.1943至1945年，张爱玲（1902-1995）是沦陷区的上海最走红的作家。译文From 1943 to 1945, Zhang Ailing (Eileen Chang,1920-1995) was the most popular writer in Japanese-occupied shanghai.7、 省略法1.United,we stand; divided, we fall.合则存，分则亡。2.当时特殊的政治环境给非主流文学提供了大量发展机会：大多数在沪的知名作家都由于政治原因保持缄默，而张爱玲则以一种非精英化的世俗倾向，聪明地回避着政治，恣意地挥洒着个人的文学才华，因此被人比作绽放于废墟上的罂粟花。The unusual political environment provided a great deal of opportunity for the development of an alternative literature. While most writers kept silent for political reasons, Zhang Ailing cleverly avoided politics while adopting a non-elitist attitude, giving free rein to her own literary talent. She was called a”poppy flower” blooming in the ruins.3.然而她并不是涂抹一些至真至纯的爱情图景使读者获得某种虚幻的满足，而是充分暴露男女关系的世俗面目现实的算计，钱与色的交易，赤裸裸的欲望，相互间的利用从而为她的故事铺设了乱世苍凉的背景，染上了灰色的人生体验。She did not draw on a vista of pure love just to satisfy readers illusion. On the contrary ,she presented the earthy aspects of relationships: practical calculations, exchange of money and sex, unmasked desires, and mutual utilization. Her stories are framed by dreary settings and tinged with dingier experience in life.8、 拆分法1.As you linger on the mountain pas to admire the rugged reflection of Beinn an Lochain in the waters of Loch Restil, spare a thought for the weary sheep drovers who used to pause here for breath after the long steep climb from Loch Fyne.例句1.A negative attitude toward divorce runs consistently through the conscience of the Chinese who, traditionally and morally attach much importance to marriage. 2.Display in modern zoos try to recreate as accurately as possible the natural environment in which an animal or group of animals is found.译文：当你流连于此山口，赞赏雷斯蒂尔湖中贝尔山嶙峋的倒影时，请想想从前那些疲惫的赶羊人吧！他们从法恩湾出发，沿陡峭山路，经长途跋涉，然后在此休息。1.中国人从传统上和道德上是看重婚姻的，所以对离婚一般是持反对态度的。2.现代动物园尽可能地替动物营造天然环境，在那种环境下人们看到的动物跟在野外没什么两样。2.This is undoubtedly an economy-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations.例句：1.They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 2.They tried in vain to blame us for the breakdown of the talks. 3.You cant legally conclude an agreement with the company. 4.With the fear of the largely imaginary plots against his leadership , his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 译文：无疑，我们正目睹着一场以经济利益为导向的变革：一场借助现代通讯技术、考虑市场利益的巨大变革。例句：1.他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 2.他们企图把谈判破裂的责任加在我们身上，但没有成功。 3.您们若单独同该公司签订协议，那就是不合法的。 4.由于害怕有人阴谋推翻自己的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信。但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己想象出来的。 3.The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.例句：1.Not surprisingly, the decline of the dollar hasnt affected the price-be-damned luxury car market. 2.Presumably, he needed to feel cornered so he could outperform everyone, almost as though he enjoyed overcoming adversity and showing off his brilliance and subtlety.译文：这个主意让人汗颜，因为它想的只是牟取更多的广告收入，却根本不考虑运动的整体效果，即运动本质上的连续性和流畅性。 1.美元贬值并没有影响到高档轿车的销量，这并不奇怪。 2.情况或许是这样：他需要感到被别人逼到困境，这样才好背水一战，胜人一筹，就仿佛他乐于战胜逆境，以显示自己的聪明才智一般。4.The World Bank has named Justin Lin Yifu, who defected from Taiwan and rose to become a top economic strategist for communist China, its chief economist-the first time a Chinese Has held the job.例句：1.还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。（老舍骆驼祥子） 译文：世界银行已经任命从台湾逃奔至大陆、升任中国顶尖经济战略家的林毅夫担任该行首席经济学家。这是首次由中国人担任这一职务。例句：1.It was still hot but everyone felt much better,for the breeze,though slight, brought them hope. 5.然而她并不是涂抹一些至真至纯的爱情图景使读者获得某种虚幻的满足，而是充分暴露男女关系的世俗面目现实的算计，钱与色的交易，赤裸裸的欲望，相互间的利用从而为她的故事铺设了乱世苍凉的背景，染上了灰色的人生体验。She did not draw on a vista of pure love just to satisfy readers illusion. On the contrary ,she presented the earthy aspects of relationships: practical calculations, exchange of money and sex, unmasked desires, and mutual utilization. Her stories are framed by dreary settings and tinged with dingier experience in life.6.Halfway through the semester in this market research course at Roanoke College last fall, only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance for cellphone use in the classroom, Prof. Ali Nazemi heard a telltale ring.去年秋天，罗阿诺克学院里阿里纳米齐教授的市场研究课程业已学期过半。有一天，他宣布在他的课堂上对使用手机采取零容忍政策。话音未落，就听到明显的手机铃声。9、 合并法1.联邦政府是否应该对网络的使用加以控制，人们对此还存在着争论。例句：1.你们取得的成就把你们带到人生的转折点上，我希望你们引以为荣。 2.过去向我们学习的人，现在反而超过了我们，这对我们来说确实是个挑战。 3.我去过一些地方，也遇到不少人。要谈起奇妙的事儿可多呢。译文：There is a debate about whether the Internet should be regulated by the federal government. 例句：1.I hope you are proud of the accomplishments that have brought you to this important transitions in your lives. 2.It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us mow excelled us. 3.There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.2.孩子们可能会和网上的陌生人见面，他们也可能在网上浏览到色情作品，这些都让家长们感到非常恐慌。例句：这种局势对国家安全是个威胁，这样的说法完全是正确的。译文：Parents have great fear about their children meeting strangers on the Internet and about their possible exposure to pornography.例句：It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.3.The World Bank has named Justin Lin Yifu, who defected from Taiwan and rose to become a top economic strategist for communist China, its chief economist-the first time a Chinese Has held the job.例句：He has been lying in the sleepless bed for the whole night.译文：世界银行已经任命从台湾逃奔至大陆、升任中国顶尖经济战略家的林毅夫担任该行首席经济学家。这是首次由中国人担任这一职务。 例句：他躺在床上，一整夜无眠。4.张爱玲曾被成为“文妖”。这不仅由于她的作品有一种阴冷灰暗的气氛，更在于她对人性阴暗面的洞察和悲剧性的人生观她曾作过一个惊人的比喻：“生命是一袭华美的袍，爬满了虱子。”Zhang Ailing had been referred to as a “literary witch”, not only due to the cold and gray ambience in her works, but also for her sharp insights into the negative aspects of human nature and her tragic views on life. She devised an unusual metaphor:”Life is a luxurious and splendid robe which is infested with lice.”10、 句序重组法1.The significant inscription found on an old key-”If I rest,I rust”-would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness.例句： 1.I have never much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning. 2.When Chou En-lais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 3.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble,he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known.译文：在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意义深远的铭文“我若休息，我则生锈”。对于那些哪怕只为一丁点懒散而苦恼的人来说，这也会是一句金玉良言。 1.有些作家，读者需要费力气才能看懂他们的意思，我对这样的作家一向是没有多少耐心的。2.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到一个身材修长的人，身高中等偏上，目光炯炯有神，面部轮廓分明，称得上清秀。3.上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送回布劳得街十号为妙。此君为谁，人尽皆知。2.If its drama youre after, youll head for the Highlands, a vast swathe of untamed wilderness fringed by mile upon mile of fretted coastline dotted with islands.例句In reality, the lines of division between science are becoming blurred,and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries ago-although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to compreh