四川大学2012年英语翻译基础.docx

咨询翻硕考研 点击加入跨考独家整理最全翻硕考研知识资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年翻译硕士考研真题和知识点等内容，加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可以获得翻硕学长免费答疑服务，帮你度过最艰难的考研年。以下内容为跨考网整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择翻硕考研一对一咨询进行解答。四川大学2012年英语翻译基础考试科目： 351英语翻译基础 适用专业： 英语口译(MTI)、英语笔译(MTI)(试题共 3 页) (注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分)I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30)1. CPI2. SME3. WWF4. ISO5. CIF6. Foxconn7. MOFCOM8. TPP9. IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)10. Chemical Oxygen Demand11. the “100,000” Strong Initiative by President Obama12. carbon foot print13. debt ceiling14. solar photovoltaics15. Standard & Poors16. 非关税壁垒17. 平板电视18. 廉租房19. 经济二次触底20. 海选21. 剩男剩女22. 地沟油23. 潜规则24. 中国载人航天计划25. 紧缩性货币政策26. 云计算27. 民心工程28. 智能城市29. 海峡两岸经济合作框架协议30. 中庸II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120)Source Text 1:High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars. High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft. If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies particularly MAGLEV could have a significant impact on congestion in the future. When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.Source Text 2:The fortunate people in the worldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at ones table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupationwhat more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.Source Text 3:锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江(内江)和检江(外江)。自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江的水洗濯织锦(brocade)，洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名“锦江”。锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。 锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江“水绿天青不起尘，风光和暖胜三秦”的优良自然条件。Source Text 4:多数科学家相信，石油是由数万亿年之前亿万个生活在海洋里的微小动植物遗体的分解物形成的。在这些生物死亡之后，遗体即腐烂，经过数百万年之后，便在海洋底部形成了矿泥层;由于地壳运动的挤压和由此产生的热量的共同作用，这些矿泥层就变成了石油。石油分馏物(组成称为石油的混合物的东西)及其副产品多得不可胜数：有小汽车用的汽油，火车、公共汽车和载重卡车的柴油，航空汽油，各种发动机用的润滑油，发电站和轮船用的重油，铺路的沥青，制造塑料、合成纤维乃至合成食品的石油化学产品，等等。今天，没有石油产品的世界几乎是不可想象的。答案与解析I.1. 居民价格消费指数2. 中小型企业3. 世界野生动物基金4. 国际标准化组织5. 到岸价格6. 富士康科技集团7. 中华人民共和国商务部8. 泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定9. 政府间气候变化专门委员会10. 化学需氧量11. 奥巴马总统十万强计划12. 碳足迹13. 债务上限14. 太阳能光伏发电15. 标准普尔16. Non-tariff barriers17. flat television18. low-rent houses19. double dip recession20. open audition21. leftover women and men22. swill-cooked dirty oil23. hidden rules24. Chinas manned space program25. tightened monetary policy26. cloud computing27. morale project28. smart city29. The Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement30. The Doctrine of the MeanII.Source Text 1A.这篇文章介绍了高速地面交通系统技术，属于科技翻译的范畴。科技翻译中经常遇到的问题有：生词较多，句子较长，句子结构稍为复杂，翻译时需要注意。B. magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) 磁悬浮 repulsion rpl()n n. 排斥;反驳;反感;厌恶C. 【原句】High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.【句子分析】“with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph”是高速地面交通系统技术的定语，翻译时由于长度适中，前置。冒号后面的句子中，前半句“with top speeds between 150 and 200”作状语;后面的as 表示“正如”，引导部分为状语，同主语作比较。“use steel wheels on steel rails but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.”是句子的谓语部分。【译文】车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里 到 200英里(240千米320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。但是由于铁轨路床和车厢的设计，可以获得更高的速度。【原文】High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward.【句子分析】“with top speeds between250 and 300 mph”作状语;谓语部分是“use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets”而“placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it”作magnets的后置定语;由both连接的两个不定式作目的状语。【译文】另一个是高速磁悬浮系统，最高速度每小时250英里300英里(400千米480千米)，利用安装在列车内或者下面导轨内强大磁铁的吸引力或斥力，把列车抬起来，悬浮在导轨上，推动列车前进。【原文】A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft.【句子分析】be likened to：被比作;被比喻为;guided aircraft：制导的飞机。【译文】磁悬浮列车可以比作飞行的列车或制导的飞机。【原文】If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies particularly MAGLEV could have a significant impact on congestion in the future.【句子分析】“have a significant impact on congestion”并不是说对交通拥挤有重大影响，而是对未来解决交通拥挤这一问题意义重大。【译文】若同公路运输和空中运输有效地连接起来，那么高速地面交通技术，特别是磁悬浮技术，对解决未来的交通拥挤可能发挥重大作用。【原文】When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice.【句子分析】“When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies”实际主语为“我们”，但是这里为了体现科技翻译的客观性，并没有译出。【译文】若将高速铁路技术同磁悬浮技术作比较，磁悬浮看来会被优先选择。【原文】Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology.【句子分析】“suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology”的主语是前面的整个句子，因此这里翻译为“这表明”用“这”指代前面说过的内容。【译文】虽然新一代的高速铁路技术能够达到每小时186英里的商业速度，但是要额外增加速度就面临许多工程方面的问题，这表明，铁路运输已经是一种成熟的技术。【原文】MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.【句子分析】“on the other hand”表示转折，放在句首。In its infancy指的是处在不成熟的阶段，恰好中文也将不成熟的事物表达为“处于幼年阶段的事物”。【译文】反之，磁悬浮技术则尚处于幼年阶段，将会随着工程技术的发展大大改善。参考译文：车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里 到 200英里(240千米320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。但是由于铁轨路床和车厢的设计，可以获得更高的速度。另一个是高速磁悬浮系统，最高速度每小时250英里300英里(400千米480千米)，利用安装在列车内或者下面导轨内强大磁铁的吸引力或斥力，把列车抬起来，悬浮在导轨上，推动列车前进。磁悬浮列车可以比作飞行的列车或制导的飞机。若同公路运输和空中运输有效地连接起来，那么高速地面交通技术，特别是磁悬浮技术，对解决未来的交通拥挤可能发挥重大作用。若将高速铁路技术同磁悬浮技术作比较，磁悬浮看来会被优先选择。虽然新一代的高速铁路技术能够达到每小时186英里的商业速度，但是要额外增加速度就面临许多工程方面的问题，这表明，铁路运输已经是一种成熟的技术。反之，磁悬浮技术则尚处于幼年阶段，将会随着工程技术的发展大大改善。Source Text 2A.这部分选自英国首相温斯顿丘吉尔写的文章写作的乐趣。考生较为熟悉的可能是丘吉尔二战期间的演讲。丘吉尔对文字非常精通，这篇文章语言精妙，文学性强，需要注意译文的选词及句型。 B. effusion fju()n n. 渗出;泻出;渗漏物 repose rpz n. 休息;睡眠;静止interlude ntl(j)ud n. 插曲;穿插;幕间节目; uninterruptible ,nntrptb()l adj. 不间断的 heathen hi()n n. 异教徒;粗野的人 suffragette ,sfrdet n. 妇女参政权论者C. 【原文】The fortunate people in the worldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure.【句子分析】中文习惯使用重复来表示强调，英文文学中也有同样的手法，因此翻译时不能省略，in my mind：“在我看来”，按照习惯放到句首。“whose work is also their pleasure”是修饰those的定语从句，翻译后放在中心词前。【译文】在我看来，世上幸运的人世上唯一真正幸运的人，是那些以工作为乐的人。【原文】The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition.【句子分析】“The class is not a large one”中class：一个阶层的人，但是这里并不涉及阶层，只是作者前边描述的人的一个统称。“one of the most important elements in its composition”译为“重要组成部分之一”。【译文】这样的人并不多，还没有人们常说的那样多，也许，作家是其中最重要的组成部分之一。【原文】They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life.【句子分析】“in this respect”意为“在这方面”，根据上文作者一直在讨论何为幸运的人，因此这里的完整意义为“就幸运而言”。【译文】就幸运而言，他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐。【原文】To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation.【句子分析】“in the gay effusions of their fancy”中的gay是快乐的意思;fancy是幻想的意思;deprivation在这里的意思是：度假成了一件剥夺这些人快乐的东西，翻译为“成了一种损失”。【译文】依我看，能使工作成为乐趣，是值得世人为之奋斗崇高荣誉;而且，我并不怀疑有人会羡慕这些幸福的人，因为他们在快乐喷涌的幻想中获得了生计，对他们来说，每劳动一小时，就是享受一小时，而休息无论多么必要是令人讨厌的插曲，甚至度假也几乎成了一种损失。【原文】Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition.【句子分析】appreciate意为欣赏，这里译为“尝到的乐趣”。【译文】无论写得好坏，写得多少，只要在意写作，就可尝到行文的乐趣。【原文】To sit at ones table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness.【句子分析】sunny译为“阳光明媚”，sit at the table译为“临桌而坐”，white译为“雪白”，体现了译文的文采。【译文】在一个阳光明媚的早晨，临桌而坐，整整四个小时不受打扰，有足够的雪白稿纸，还有一支“挤压式”钢笔这才叫真正的幸福。【原文】The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupationwhat more is there than that to desire?【句子分析】agreeable在这里是令人愉快的意思。“what more is there than that to desire”原本是个疑问句，意为“还有什么比这更令人神往的?”为了表达强调，也为了体现作者对这种职业的羡慕，将其译成了感叹句。【译文】全心全意地投入一项令人愉快的职业此愿足矣!【原文】The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise.【句子分析】“The House of Commons”和“the House of Lords”分别为“下议院”和“上院”。英国下议院又称为平民院或庶民院，是英国国会的下院。英国国会由君主、上议院及下议院三部分组成，当中又以下议院最具影响力。【译文】外面发生什么事又有何妨?下院想干什么就干什么吧，上院也可如此。异教徙可以在全球各地发作。美国市场可以彻底崩溃。证券可以下跌;女权运动可以兴起。【原文】Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.【句子分析】“at any rate”意为“无论如何;至少;不管怎么说”。“ill-governed”“disorderly”这里都翻译为了四字词语，考生若是在考试时想不出合适的词，根据意思翻译即可，但是文采方面会稍为逊色。【译文】没有关系，不管怎么说，我们有四个小时可以躲开这俗气的、治理不善的、杂乱无章的世界，用想象这把钥匙开启藏有大千世界一切宝物的小橱。参考译文：在我看来，世上幸运的人世上唯一真正幸运的人，是那些以工作为乐的人。这样的人并不多，还没有人们常说的那样多，也许，作家是其中最重要的组成部分之一。就幸运而言，他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐。依我看，能使工作成为乐趣，是值得世人为之奋斗崇高荣誉;而且，我并不怀疑有人会羡慕这些幸福的人，因为他们在快乐喷涌的幻想中获得了生计，对他们来说，每劳动一小时，就是享受一小时，而休息无论多么必要是令人讨厌的插曲，甚至度假也几乎成了一种损失。无论写得好坏，写得多少，只要在意写作，就可尝到行文的乐趣。在一个阳光明媚的早晨，临桌而坐，整整四个小时不受打扰，有足够的雪白稿纸，还有一支“挤压式”钢笔这才叫真正的幸福。全心全意地投入一项令人愉快的职业此愿足矣!外面发生什么事又有何妨?下院想干什么就干什么吧，上院也可如此。异教徙可以在全球各地发作。美国市场可以彻底崩溃。证券可以下跌;女权运动可以兴起。没有关系，不管怎么说，我们有四个小时可以躲开这俗气的、治理不善的、杂乱无章的世界，用想象这把钥匙开启藏有大千世界一切宝物的小橱。Source Text 3A.这段文字介绍了成都锦江的历史，文字极具汉语特色，现代汉语与古汉语交织，难度较大。B. 织女 weaverC. 【原文】锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江(内江)和检江(外江)。【句子分析】这里的中文江河名称全部采用音译的手法。注意其中“郫”字的读音“Pi”。【译文】The Jinjiang River, during the Qin and Han dynasties, was called the Chengdu Erjiang (Two Rivers) including the inner river Pijiang and outer river Jianjiang.【原文】自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。【句子分析】“有了一个通称”也就是“以的名字被世人所知”，因此不直接翻译为“get a shared title”而是按照后面的意思翻译为“become know by a shared name”。这里说锦江为一个诗意化的名字，所以译者在后面加上“meaning Brocade Rive”，解释这个名字是如何体现诗意的。【译文】By the Han Dynasty the two rivers became known by a shared poetic name, Jinjiang, meaning Brocade River.【原文】据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江的水洗濯织锦(brocade)，洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名“锦江”。【句子分析】“蜀地”根据常识我们知道是“四川的”所以不能翻译为“Shu”。之后的由于都提到了织女们的织锦，所以锦江都译为“The Brocade River”。【译文】According to historical record, Sichuan weavers often washed their brocade in the two rivers because the brocade became more lustrous and bright after being washed with the water. This is why the two rivers became known as the Brocade River.【原文】锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦江的得名。【句子分析】这里的“蜀”和前面表示四川的不同，指的是三国时期的蜀国，因此音译为“Shu”。“岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的”和“平原一片沼泽，难以农耕”之间存在着因果关系，译文使用现在分词引导伴随状语表达这层含义。【译文】This naming is also related to Dujiangyan. In the ancient Shu times, the Minjiang River became muddy and ran off rampantly, turning the area into marshes after it entered the Chengdu Plain, making farming on the plain impossible. The Dujiangyan Water Project made use of the two Erjiang rivers as water diversion channels for irrigation. As a result, the muddy waters became clear enough for local weavers to wash their brocade.【原文】都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。【句子分析】这两句话之间实际上存在一层因果联系，正是因为第一句话中都江堰和锦江的贡献，两者才被认为是成都城市文明的摇篮。翻译时，将这两句话合并为一句，使用连接词体现因果联系。【译文】Both the Dujiangyan and Jinjiang were cradles of the urban civilization of Chengdu, since the former converted the submerged Chengdu Plain into an expanse of fertile farmland and the latter brought prosperity and affluence to the city of Chengdu.【原文】锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江“水绿天青不起尘，风光和暖胜三秦”的优良自然条件。【句子分析】这两句话表达了相同的含义，即成都的美丽是锦江的功劳，因此翻译时将两句话合并。古诗词只需要翻译出诗词想要表达的意思即可，考生可在平时的学习中阅读名师古诗词译作，提高自己的文学修养。【译文】The beauty of Chengdu attributes to the wonderful natural conditions of Jinjiang, which can be described by a line from a Chinese poem “The water and the sky are blue without a seed of dust, the scenery and climate are even better than Shannxi.”参考译文：The Jinjiang River, during the Qin and Han dynasties, was called the Chengdu Erjiang (Two Rivers) including the inner river Pijiang and outer river Jianjiang. By the Han Dynasty the two rivers became known by a shared poetic name, Jinjiang, meaning Brocade River. According to historical record, Sichuan weavers often washed their brocade in the two rivers because the brocade became more lustrous and bright after being washed with the water. This is why the two rivers became known as the Brocade River. This naming is also related to Dujiangyan. In the ancient Shu times, the Minjiang River became muddy and ran off rampantly, turning the area into marshes after it entered the Chengdu Plain, making farming on the plain impossible. The Dujiangyan Water Project made use of the two Erjiang rivers as water diversion channels for irrigation. As a result, the muddy waters became clear enough for local weavers to wash their brocade. Both the Dujiangyan and Jinjiang were cradles of the urban civilization of Chengdu, since the former converted the submerged Chengdu Plain into an expanse of fertile farmland and the latter brought prosperity and affluence to the city of Chengdu. The beauty of Chengdu attributes to the wonderful natural conditions of Jinjiang, which can be described by a line from a Chinese poem “The water and the sky are blue without a seed of dust, the scenery and climate are even better than Shannxi.”Source Text 4A. 这是一篇科普知识翻译，介绍了石油形成的过程。翻译时注意和石油相关的知识：例如石油的副产品种类。 B. 矿泥 slime slam n. 黏液;烂泥 润滑油 lubricating oil lubricatelubrket vi. 润滑;涂油;起润滑剂作用沥青 asphalt sflt; -lt 合成纤维 synthetic fiber syntheticsnetk adj. 综合的;合成的，人造的C. 【原文】多数科学家相信，石油是由数万亿年之前亿万个生活在海洋里的微小动植物遗体的分解物形成的。【句子分析】be formed from是“由组成的”的意思。“微小的”翻译为“minute”。【译文】Most scientists believe that oil was formed from the anaerobic decay of minute creatures and plants in the sea millions of billions of years ago.【原文】在这些生物死亡之后，遗体即腐烂，经过数百万年之后，便在海洋底部形成