2014年考研英语大作文十大功能段落归纳与范例.doc

2014年考研英语大作文十大功能段落归纳与范例一.历年真题段落类型归纳第一段：1.现象/现状说明段 2.图画/图表描述段 3.观点阐释段第二段：4.利弊说明段 5. 意义阐述段6. 原因阐释段 7. 举例说明段第三段：8. 趋势预测段 9. 建议措施段 10. 归纳结论段1. 现象/现状说明段It is commonly said that ones first impression of a person is the most important one , and this is certainly true when applied to job interviews. This is because the manager often has to interview a dozen or more candidates in the space of only one or two hours, allotting no more than a few minutes to each. Therefore, it is vital for the interviewee to make the best possible impression on his prospective employer during the interview.2.图画/.图表描述段The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast on the ground.3.观点阐述段Should the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in China? To judge this issue, we should look at three aspects: What are the advantages of private cars; what are their disadvantages; and is China ready for the free development of private cars?4.利弊说明段Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car-if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.5.意义阐释段The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources. Owing to over fishing, the number of fishes has obviously decreased. If we let this situation go as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.6.原因阐释段Fake products are rampant on the market today for the following reasons. To profiteer enormously, quite a few firms produce shoddy goods. These producers do not take into account the quality of their products, but exaggerate their functions or effects. To make easy money, a number of stores knowingly sell counterfeit items. These sellers do not care whether or not the counterfeit items may cause damage to property and injury or even death to individuals, but fix their eyes on the money they can get from their customers.7.举例说明段For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.8.趋势预测段However, the following figures indicate that the number of smokers is decreasing: The total value of tobacco production worldwide was 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but this had dropped to 14.2 billion pounds by 1995. At the same time, many countries have passed laws forbidding smoking in public places, and there is a global campaign to dissuade people from smoking. Therefore, I think that tobacco consumption will definitely decrease in the years to come.9.建议措施段Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to given their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.10.归纳结论段To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, dont hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.功能句的写法1.描述图画或图表的常用句型As can be clearly seen from the picture, . 从这张画中可以清楚地看到，As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.从这张画中可以清楚地看到，随着国际文化交流的增加，越来越多的外国人渴望访问中国。As is shown above，. 正如上面所示，As is shown above, there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.正如上面所示，有两幅漫画描述了两种完全不同的情景。一幅描绘了人们在努力工作，而另一幅暗示了懒惰导致失败。What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that.这是一幅多么生动形象的画啊!它告诉我们What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens peoples hearts.这是一幅多么生动的画啊!它告诉我们，爱就像一盏在黑暗中的油灯, 它照亮了人们的心灵。According to the statistics given in the table,.根据表中所给的统计数字，According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, added up to 80,000,000 people in 2002.根据表中所给的统计数字，旅游者的人数大大增加，2002年达到80,000,000人。This chart shows that.这张示意图表明，This chart shows that the number of smokers continues to climb (=rise), accounting for 20 % of the total population.这张示意图表明，全世界吸烟者的人数不断上升,占总人口的20%。It is indicated by the graph that.这张曲线图表示，It is indicated by the graph that the extinction of some species of wild animals is closely related with the sharp increase of the worlds population.这张曲线图表示，某些野生动物物种的灭绝与世界人口的猛增密切相关。It can be seen from the statistics (or picture) that.从这些统计数字(或这张图画)中可以看到，It can be seen from the statistics (or picture) that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.从这些统计数字(或这张图画)中可以看到，随着城市中汽车数量的不断增加,空气污染和噪音已经成为威胁城市居民生存的主要公害(public hazards)。It is generally believed (或accepted, thought, held) that.人们普遍认为，It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.人们普遍认为，各国政府应该采取有力措施来保护森林资源。The picture is thoughtprovoking,.这幅画发人深省，The picture is thoughtprovoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.这幅画是发人深省的，它所说明的是我们今天社会普遍存在的一种现象。What the drawing describes implies that. 这张图画所描述的内容暗示了What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.这张图画所描述的内容暗示我们应该经得住失败的考验。2.举例子常用的句型A case in point is my neighbor, who.我的邻居就是一个恰当的例子，他A case in point is my neighbor, who lost both legs in a traffic accident last year.我的邻居就是一个恰当的例子，他在去年的一场交通事故中失去了双腿。Id like to quote a further example here. 在此举出另外一个例子。According to a recent survey made by professor Wang, head of social department in Peking University, 90% of the people across the country are suffering from the problem.根据北京大学社会系主任王教授最近的一项调查：整个国家90%的人遭受这个问题的威胁。Another survey also shows that the trend is turning from bad to worse.另外一项调查仍然表明形势变得越来越糟糕了。3.说明原因常用的句型There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth.There are two reasons for the changes in peoples living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been controlled.生活条件改变的原因有两条。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，我们的经济在迅速发展并且出生率得到了控制。We have two good reasons for/against.We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.我们有两条充分理由反对工业不受控制的发展。The reason for.is that + 从句The reason for us to support the “Project Hope” is that many children in poor areas couldnt afford different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.我们支持“希望工程”的原因是, 许多贫困地区的儿童付不起继续学业的各种费用。 4.分析漫画人目的常用的句型What is the purpose of the drawer of this cartoon? In the first place,. In the second place,.What is the purpose of the drawer of the pictures? On one hand, the drawer intends, by producing these two pictures of sharp contrast, to arouse public awareness/concern of the harmfulness of worldwide commercial fishing and the importance of protecting sea resources on earth. On the other hand, the drawer wants to attract the attention of governments and departments concerned and urge them to take effective countermeasures.5.表示对策常用的句型It is, therefore, necessary that efforts should be made to cope with the problem as early as possible.因此，我们应该做出努力尽早解决这个问题。We should take immediate measures, for if the present situation continues as before, serious outcome will come up.我们应该立刻采取措施，因为如果当前形势继续下去，会产生严重后果的。6.承上启下常用的句型：It is clear that plays an important role in our life and work.(用于主题段中)There may be some other reasons responsible for , but I think what has been mentioned above is generally acceptable. (用于原因段中)This is my point of view as to how to, and I am sure that my ideas are both sound and reasonable.(用于观点段中)7. 用于驳斥和比较的常用句型(1)In general，I dont agree with.(2)In my opinion，this point of view doesnt hold water.(3)The chief reason why.，is that.(4)There is no doubt that.(5)It is not true that.(6)It can be easily denied that.(7)We have no reason to believe that.(8)What is more serious is that.(9)But it is a pity that.(10)Besides，we should not neglect that.(11)But the problem is not so simple. Therefore.(12)Others may find this to be true，but I believe that.(13)Perhaps I will question why.(14)There is a certain amount of truth in this，but we still have a problem with regard to.(15)Though we are in basic agreement with.，but.(16)What seems to be the trouble is.(17)Yet differences will be found，thats why I feel that.(18)It would be reasonable to take the view that.，but it would be foolish to claim that.(19)There is in fact no reason for us to believe that.(20)What these people fail to consider is that.(21)It is one thing to insist that.，it is quite another to show that.(22)Wonderful as A is，however， it has its own disadvantages too.(23)The advantages of B are much greater than those of A.(24)As advantage sounds ridiculous when Bs advantages are taken into consideration.8. 长难句句型(1)This is, says Luban, a desk.(简单句中加上插入语)(2)To a certain extent, you can be a good teacher.(简单句前面加上程度状语)(3)Rather than decreasing, the population in China is increasing.