人教版高中英语必修5Unit5知识总结.doc

Unit5 First aid1.aid 帮助,援助,赞助 first aid 急救 come/ go to sbs aid 援助某人 with the aid of 在的帮助下 aid sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 aid sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事Eg. He came to my aid at once. He was able to find the museum with the aid of a map. We aided him in raising the money.2. fall ill 生病 属短暂性动词, 不与for + 时间段连用 be ill 指生病的状态,是持续性行为, 可与for + 时间段连用His wife suddenly fell ill last week.He has been ill for a week.fall 用作系动词,后常接形容词.fall asleep 睡着fall silent 沉默不语3. save ones life 救某人的命save ones face 保全面子4. Did you or someone else give help in any of them? If so, （If so, = If it is true,） Do you want to be a superman? If so, come with me! （If so, =if it is sure）. if possible如果可能的话 A single room with a bath,if possible.可能的话我要单人房间，带浴室。5. protect against from doing sth 保护、维护 prevent from doing sth 防止、妨碍 He put on his coat to protect himself from catching cold.Nothing will prevent us from reaching our aim6 and it gives you your sense of touch.sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉sense of hearing 听觉 sense of taste 味觉Sense of humor 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感7. treatment 不可数名词 “ 对待, 待遇,处理; 治疗 The workers received good treatment from the Government 注意；可数名词 . “ 疗法”They are trying a new treatment for cancerbe under treatment 在治疗中be under ones treatment 接受某人的治疗for treatment 进行治疗treatment for + 疾病的名词 治病的方法4 depend on 取决于; The price depends on the quality.依赖、依靠;信赖、信任；= rely one.g 他的一家人全靠他养活。 His family depends on him.5 heal vt&vi(尤指伤口)治愈； 恢复健康 heal a wound healer (cn) 医治者；治疗物Time is a great healer. 时间能够治好创伤。辨析：treat, heal, cure heal 多用于治疗外伤。 treat “治疗”，着重强调过程，不涉及结果，不一定治愈。 cure “治愈”，强调结果。6. swell v. 膨胀，隆起 她的腿肿得很厉害。 Her leg has swollen badly. 风鼓起了帆。 The wind swelled the sails. 大雨使河水上涨了。 The heavy rain swelled the river.swollen 可作形容词，表示“ 肿胀的” Her eyes were red and swollen with weeping. 她的眼睛哭得又红又肿。7 damage v. 损害， 损坏 n. 损害， 毁坏， 破坏 （ 不可数） 这场战争损害了两国之间的关系。The war damaged the relations between the countries. 地震造成了重大破坏。The earthquake caused great damage.8 jewellery 和jewel 的辨析： 两者均有“ 珍宝首饰” 之意，jewellery 为集体名词，不可数；jewel 为可数名词 She appeared at the party wearing some of Her finest_. A.jewels B. jewelleries C. jewel D. jewellers I want to buy _ as a birthday gift for my daughter. A.some jewel B. a piece of jewe lC. a jewellery D. a piece of jewellery9.squeeze out 榨出， 挤出They have been squeezed out of the job market by young people. squeeze money from sb 向某人勒索钱财 squeeze money out of sb The young man often squeezes money from/out of the pupil.10. wound n.伤，创伤 v. 伤害，使受伤 区别wound, injure, harm 与 hurt: wound 指外伤，如枪伤，刀伤等， 尤指在战场上受伤；也可指在感情上荣誉方面的创伤。 injure 指意外或事故造成损伤，强调功能的损失。 harm 指损害、危害有生命或无生命的东西（如损害健康）；一般指肉体上的损害。 hurt （普通用语）指任何肉体或精神上的伤害。（意为：使伤心，受伤。 名词为“疼痛”。 The bullet wounded him in his arm. 子弹打伤了他的手臂。 He was injured in a traffic accident. 他在一次交通事故中受了伤。 We wont do anything that will harm the cause of peace. 我们不会做任何危及和平事业的事。 He meant no harm. He fell off the ladder and hurt his leg. 他从梯子上摔下来，伤了腿。 The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.11. In place 在适当的位置， 适当 out of place 不在适当的位置， 不适当 in place of 代替 take the place of 代替She likes everything _ before she starts work.Her criticisms were quite_. ( 她的批评太不相宜了）12. Present 给予，赠送用法结构：present + sb. + with + sth. 授予某人 He presented her with a gold medal. present + sth. + to + sb. 颁发给某人 He presented a gold medal to her. He presented(赠送) a sum of money to our school in aid of some poor students.(2) 提出，呈现 present reasons 提出理由 present a new play上演13 . put ones hands on 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中，意为“找到，得到”。Im afraid I cant put my hand(s) on the book you want. 恐怕我一时找不到你想要的那本书。14. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。（apply vt. 施加）A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound. 有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。（涂，敷，抹）I want to apply for the job. 我想申请这项工作。Students should apply themselves to their study. 学生们应该专心致志地学习。（专心；集中精力 apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于）15. There is no doubt that 毫无疑问doubt 名词，意思是“怀疑”、“疑惑”、“疑问”。 (肯定句）主语+doubt whether 主语+not doubt that 从句（否定句） I have no doubt about the thing she mentioned yesterday.我对她昨天所提起的那件事完全没起疑心。 We have no doubt of his ability.我们相信他的能力。 I have no doubt that it will bring about closer ties between us.我相信这必将使我们的联系更加紧密。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。 I doubt whether if he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。 I do not doubt that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。16. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。 （知道；了解；熟悉）a knowledge of French懂法语She has a good knowledge of London.她对伦敦的情形很熟悉。knowledge做不可数名词：知识We go to school to get knowledge about many different things. 我们上学是为了得到关于各种事物的知识。 make a difference: 有影响，起重要作用We want to find meaning in our lives and feel that our contributions make a difference. 我们需要找到生命中的意义，感受到我们的努力使之发生了巨大的变化。17. get involved in 涉及，卷入，参与到 If you get involved in the conflicts, you may burn your fingers. 要是你卷入这场冲突的话，你会吃苦头的。18. Do you think it is worthwhile to take a course in first aid? 你认为学急救课值得么？ It is worthwhile visiting the museum. 参观博物馆是值得的。 It is worthwhile to consider this point more closely. 更严密地考虑这一点是值得的。19. watch out for戒备, 提防, 密切注意 look out for警惕;留心;守侯Watch/Look out for cars when you cross the street.当你过马路时要注意车辆。20 . be left out 被忽视，被遗漏 leave out省去(不考虑,离开,结束一天的工作) She leave out the date on the cheque.支票上她漏写了日期。 Dont leave out the verb in the sentence句子中不能省略动词。21. step by step 逐步地，循序渐进We must do everything step by step.我们必须事情一步一步来。强调句讲解25. It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved her life. 正是约翰的快捷的动作和急救知识救了她的命。 强调句型结构,It is/wasthat. 结构。 强调句型It is/wasthat/who 的用法归纳如下：强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？ 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？强调句详解“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，可用tha，who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：一、去掉强调结构It is (was) that(who)后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：1. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.2. It is you and Tom that didnt come yesterday.显然，句1去掉It is that 后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is that 后，句子变为you and Tom didnt come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如： 1. It is what you dorather than what you say _matters.（05天津） A.that B. what C.which D. this答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B. that C.before D.since （05安徽）答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。二、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。试比较：It was because of the accident why he was late. (误), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如：1. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. A. that B.when C.while D. as答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语untilmidnight而误选。2. It was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important. A.that B.when C.since D. as答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦 寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。3. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （08全国II）A. that B.how C.which D. when答案A。强调地点状语in New Zealand.三、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:1. I just wonder _that makes him so excited.（06山东）A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him so excited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为wonder后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。2. It was not until she got home _Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C.where D.before（06全国卷二）答案B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not until”句型：Jennifer didnt realize she hadlost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she gothome，这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。四、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语； be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was.一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in theclass.3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.五、在复习中有可能把It is/ wasthat句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：1、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/wasthat误认为是强调句式。- Where did you get to know her?（07山东）- It was on the farm _ we worked.AthatBthereCwhich Dwhere答案D。该句易误作强调句型，所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D，因为平日教学老师一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用itwas that强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I gotto know her.”2、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。It was twenty miles from our city to the village _the accident happened. A. that B.when C. then D.where答案D。本题貌似It wasthat强调句型，其实不然。句中It表示距离，where 引导地点状语从句。3、把It is/ wasthat结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。 The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides willwork towardspeace.”（04北京） A. This is B. There is C. Thatis D. It is答案D。如果选A和C，指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内容，选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了It is that结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的that从句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。_ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to astronger, more prosperous economy A. AsB. That C. This D.It 答案D。如果去掉It is that, 中间的our belief就无法处理，因此该句不是强调句型，而是一个复合句，It是形式主语，that引导真正主语。强调句型It is/ was that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如： I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。 He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。 You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。1、 专题巩固1. - He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.- When was _? （07浙江） - _ was in 2000 when he was still in college.A. that; ThisB. this; It C. it;This D. that; It2. It is not who is right but what is right _is of importance.（07重庆）A. which B.it C.that D. this3. It was along the Mississippi River _Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. how B.which C. that D.where（08天津）4. Was it in the room_Mr. Johnson lived _the exhibition was held?A. that; that B. where; that C.where; where D. that;where5. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.A.repairingB. repaired C. To repairD. in repair6. It is in Steven Spielbergs first film, Jaws, _ a big white shark attacks swimmers _ ares pending their holidays in a small village by the sea.A. where; whoB. which;that C. that;that D. where; that7. -You seemed to have been impressed by his songs.-Well, not exactly so. It was his way of singing_ his voice that really impressed me.A. rather than B. as well as C. but alsoD. together with8. When was _you met with the famous scientist?A. it that B. it C. The place D. the place that9. It was the photo of mine _was taken _stood the high tower.A. which; that B. that;that C. that; where D. who;that10. Is it the years_you worked in the factory _have a good effect on your literary works?A. that; where B. that; that C.when; where D. when; that11. Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident? No,_only the two passengers who got hurt. A. it wasB. there was C. there wereD. there had12. It was _ the exam results were known _ a lot of time on computer games.A. until; did the boy begin to regret having wastedB. not until; that the boy began to regret to have wastedC. not until; that the boy began to regret wastingD. until; did the boy begin to regret to waste答案及解析：15DCCBA 610CAACD 1112 AC1.D。第一个空that代指前面那件事，意思是“那是什么时候”？后一个空是用 it 强调句型来强调，意思是“那是在2000年他还在读大学的时候（他出版了他的第一本新书）”，句中when引导的是定语从句，强调句型中的“that he got his first book published”省略了，2. C。考查it isthat强调句型。题干意思是“不是谁是对的而是什么是对的尤为重要”。强调结构中缺少强调连词，故选C。3. C。强调地点状语along the Mississippi River，该题强干扰项是D。考生往往受惯性思维的影响，见到地点，马上考虑到表