标准海事通信用语.doc

IMO标准海事通信用语总 则 General1. 程序 Procedure当有必要表示将使用IMO标准海事通信用语时，可发送如下信文：When it is necessary to indicate that the IMO SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:“请使用IMO标准海事通信用语。”“Please use IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.”“我将使用IMO标准海事通信用语”“I will use IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.”2. 拼读 Spelling (参阅张晓峰、徐东华编著船舶驾驶员实用英语口语P4)3. 信文标识 Message Markers在岸船和船岸通信中或一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述八个信文标识。In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or radio communication in general, the following eight Message Markers may be used.（1）指示 Instruction（2）建议 Advise（3）警告 Warning（4）信息 Information（5）询问 Question（6）回答 Answer（7）请求 Request（8）意图 Intention4. 回答 responses4.1 如果对问题的回答是肯定的，应说“是的”，后接完整语句。When the answer to a question is in the affirmative, say:“Yes, ”followed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.2 如果对问题的回答是否定的，应说“不”，后接完整语句。When the answer to a question is in the negative, say:“No, ”followed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.3 如果对需求的信息不能立即提供，可说“请稍等”，后接信息可适用的时间间隔。When the information requested is not immediately available, say:“Stand by ”followed by the time interval within which the information will be available.4.4 如果不能获得对方需求的信息，可说“没有信息”。When the information requested cannot be obtained, say: “No information.”4.5 当由交管站、海军船舶或其他授权人士给出指令（INSTRUCTION）或建议（ADVISE）时，如果给予肯定的回答，则说“我将/能”，后接完整的指令或建议。如果是否定的回答，则说“我将不/不能”，后接完整的指令或建议。When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS Station, naval vessel or other fully authorized personnel) or an ADVISE is given, respond if in the affirmative:“I will/ can ”followed by the instruction or advise in full; and, if in the negative, respond:“I will not/ cannot ”followed by the instruction or advise in full.例如：“建议。不得追越你北面的船。”Example: “ADVISE. Do not overtake the vessel to the North of you.”回答：“我不会追越我北面的船。”Respond: “I will not overtake the vessel to the North of me.”4.6在对外通信和船舶内部通信中，应答命令和对特别重要问题的回答，应使用标准用语中的语句。5. 遇险/紧急/安全信文 Distress/ Urgency/ Safety signals5.1 MAYDAY用于发布遇险信文。 MAYDAY to be used to announce a distress message.5.2 PAN-PAN用于发布紧急信文。 PAN-PAN to be used to announce an urgency message.5.3 SECURITE用于发布安全信文。 SECURITE to be used to announce a safety message.6. 标准组织用语 Standard organizational phrases6.1 “你收听（我）的声音怎样？”“How do you read (me)?”我收听你的声音I read you 很差/1 信号强度为1（即极弱）bad/ one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)很弱/2 信号强度为2（即很弱）Poor/ two with signal strength two (i.e. week)还好/3 信号强度为3（即还好）fair/ three with signal strength three (i.e. fairly good)较好/4 信号强度为4（即较好）good/ four with signal strength four (i.e. good)很好/5 信号强度为5（即很好）excellent/ five with signal strength five (i.e. very good)6.2 当建议保持在某个VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is advisable to remain on a VHF Channel/ Frequency, say:“Stand by on VHF channel / frequency ”.6.2.1 当同意保持在指定的VHF频道/频率上时，说：“在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is accepted to remain on the VHF channel/ frequency indicated, say:“Standing by on VHF channel / frequency ”.6.3 当建议转到另一VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请转到VHF频道/频率”。“请试VHF频道/频率”。When it is advisable to change to another VHF channel/ frequency, say:“Advise (you) change to VHF channel / frequency ”.“Advise (you) try VHF channel / frequency ”.6.3.1 当同意转到某VHF频道/频率接收时，说“转到VHF频道/频率”。When the changing of a VHF channel/ frequency is accepted, say:“Changing to VHF channel / frequency ”7. 改正 Corrections当信文出现错误时，说：“错误”。随后说：“改正”加上信文正确部分。When a mistake is made in a message, say:“ mistake” followed by the word:“Correction ” plus the corrected part of the message.例如：“我现在的速度为14节，错误。改正，我现在的速度是12节，十二节。”Example: “My present speed is 14 knots mistake. Correction, my present speed is 12 knots, one-two, knots.”8. 准备 Readiness“我准备/还没准备好接收你的信文。”“I am/ I am not ready to receive your message.”9. 重复 Repetition9.1 如果认为信文的某部分非常重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复”随后是信文的相应部分。If any part of the message is considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say:“Repeat” followed by the corresponding part of the message.例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6米”Example: “My draft is 12.6, repeat, one-two decimal six meters.”9.2 如果信息没有确切听到，说：“请再说一遍”。 When a message is not properly heard, say: “Say again (please).”10. 数字 Numbers数字逐位读出：150 应读作：“一五零”，2.5 应读作：“二点五”。Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:“One-five-zero” for 150; “Two decimal five” or “Two point five” for 2.5.注：注意！当读舵角即舵令时，应按下列示例：15，读“十五”；20读“二十”Note: Attention! When rudder angles, e.g. in wheel orders, are given, say:“Fifteen” for 15; “Twenty” for 20, etc.11. 位置 Positions11.1 在使用经纬度时，应以度、分（如果需要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬，东经或西经。11.2 当位置相对于某一标志时，该标志必须是海图上明确标出的物标，方位应以由物标位置的真北起算，以360记法来表示。When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position FROM the mark.例如：“你的位置在Big Head灯塔137，距离2.4海里。”Example: “Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse distance 2.4 nautical miles.”12. 方位 Bearings 除相对方位外，物标或船舶的方位是用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以360记法来表示。方位可从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned is the bearing in 360 degrees notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.例如：“引航船在你船的215方位上”Example: “Pilot boot is bearing 215 degrees from you.”13. 航向 Courses航向总是采用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以360记法来表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是驶离物标的航向。Always to be expressed in 360 degrees notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated). Whether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.14. 距离 Distances距离用海里或链表示，所使用的单位必须加以注明。To be expressed in nautical miles or cables, the unit always to be stated.15. 速度 Speed速度用节表示。To be expressed in knots.6.1 若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度。Without further notation, meaning speed through the water.6.2 “对地速度”表示相对于海底的速度。“Ground speed” means speed over the ground.16. 时间 Times时间应以协调世界时24小时来表示，如果在港内使用地方时应清楚指明。Times should be expressed in the 24 hours UTC notation; if local time will be used in ports or harbors I t should clearly be stated.17. 地理名称 Geographical names使用的地名必须是海图或航路指南所使用的名称。如果不明确，应给出经纬度。Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use. Should these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.18. 多义词 Ambiguous words英语中的一些词的意思由上下文确定。特别是在VTS通信中这些经常导致误解，以致引发事故，这些词语是：18.1 条件词“可以may”、“可能might”、“应该should”和“可能could”。May 可以 不能说：“我可以进入航道吗？” Do not say: “May I enter the fairway?” 应说：“询问。允许进入航道吗？” Say: “QUESTION. Do I have permission to enter the fairway?” 不能说：“你可以进入航道。” Do not say: “You may enter the fairway.” 应说：“回答。允许进入航道。” Say: “ANSWER. You have permission to enter the fairway.”Might 可能 不能说：“我将进入航道。” Do not say: “I might enter the fairway.” 应说：“意图。我将进入航道。” Say: “INTENTION. I will enter the fairway.”Should 应该 不能说：“ 你应该在B3锚地抛锚。” Do not say: “You should anchor in anchorage B3.” 应说：“建议。在B3抛锚” Say: “ADVISE. Anchor in anchorage B3.”Could 可能 不能说：“你可能正驶向危险。” Do not say: “You could be running into danger.” 应说：“警告。你正驶向危险。” Say: “WARNING. You are running into danger.”18.2 词Can“Can”既能表示做某事的可能性又能表示能力。在IMO标准海事通信用语中，无论是否涉及可能性，当使用“Can”的用语似乎使意思清晰。然而，在含糊不清的上下文中，如果要求得到许可，可如例所示：“询问。在这个时间允许使用浅吃水道吗？”而不说：“在这个时间我可以使用浅吃水道吗？”Say: “QUESTION. Do I have permission to use the shallow draft fairway at this time?”Don not say: “Can I use the shallow draft fairway at this time?”航海英语补充材料SMCP中的术语解释1. 一般术语 General TermsTERMSMEANINGSAbandon vessel弃船To evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel following a distress.遇险之后船员和旅客撤离船舶。Accommodation ladder舷梯Ladder attached to platform at vessels side with flat stems and handrails enabling persons to embark/ disembark from water or shore.连在船侧平台上的梯子，有平踏板和扶手，使人们能够从水上或岸上下船。Adrift漂移Uncontrolled movement at sea under the influence of current, tide or wind. 在海流、潮汐或风力的影响下不受控制地在海上移动。Assembly station集合点Place on deck, in mass rooms, etc., assigned to crew and passengers where they have to meet according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement.当发出相应的警报或发布通告后，船员和旅客必须按照应变部署表集中到指定的甲板上、餐厅里等地点。Backing 风向逆转Shift of wind direction in an anticlockwise manner.风向按逆时针方向而变化。Beach (to)抢滩To run a vessel up on a beach to prevent its sinking in deep water.驾驶船舶驶上浅滩，以防止沉入水中。Berth泊位1. A sea room to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platform, etc. 在船舶、礁石、平台等周围为安全而保留的水域等。2. The place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc. 为船舶锚泊或靠泊码头等而指定的地点。Blast 号笛声A whistle signal made by the vessel. 船舶汽笛发出的声号Blind sector盲区An area which cannot be scanned by ships radar because it is shielded by parts of the superstructure, masts, etc.由于受上层建筑、桅杆等部分的遮蔽而船舶雷达扫描不到的区域。Boarding arrangements登轮设施All equipment, such as pilot ladder, accommodation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer of the pilot.象引航梯、舷梯、升降机等为安全接送引航员所必需的所有设备。Boarding speed登轮速度The speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely embark/ disembark.为使引航员安全登/离船而调整船舶与引航艇相一致的速度。Bob-cat平舱机A mini-caterpillar with push-blade used for the careful distribution of loose goods in cargo holds of bulk carriers.散货船舱内用语使散货均匀分布的带有推板的小型履带机。Briefing简介Concise explanatory information to crew and/ or passengers.对船员和/或旅客发布的简明的解释信息。Cable链3. chain connecting a vessel to the anchor. 连接船舶至锚的链条。2. wire or rope primarily used for mooring a ship.泊船时最初使用的缆或绳3. one hundred fathoms or one tenth of a nautical mile. 一百拓或十分之一海里Capsize(to) 倾覆To turn over 翻倒Cardinal buoy方位浮标A seamark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the north, east, south or west, i.e. the cardinal points from a fixed point such as a wreck, shallow water, banks, etc. 海上标志，即浮标，标明在其北、东、南、西方位有诸如沉船、浅滩、沙洲等的方位点。Cardinal points基点The four main points of the compass: north, east, south and west罗经的四个主点：北、东、南、西Casualty 伤亡Case of death in an accident or shipping disaster.在事故中或船舶灾难中，造成人员死亡的情况。Check(to)检查抑制1. to make sure that equipment etc. is in proper condition or that everything is correct and safe.查实设备等处于良好状态或一切均正常和安全2. to regulate motion of a cable, rope or wire when it is running out too fast. 当链、绳或缆松出过快时调节其速度。Close-coupled towing紧耦拖带A method of towing vessels through polar ice by means of icebreaking tugs with a special stem notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed. 船舶通过极地冰区的拖带方法，使被拖船的船首与破冰船的特殊尾槽相接。Close up(to)To decrease the distance to the vessel ahead by increasing ones own speed. 通过增加本船的船速减少与前船的距离。Compatibility相容性Indicates whether different goods can be safely stowed together in one cargo space or in an adjacent hold.指明不同货物能否安全存放在同一舱内或相邻舱内的性质。Convoy编队航行A group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice.两艘或两艘以上的船舶编排在一起航行，如过运河或冰区的船队。Course made good推算航迹向That course which a vessel makes good over ground, after allowing for the effect of currents, tidal streams, and leeway caused by wind and sea. 考虑洋流、潮流的影响以及风、浪产生的风流压差，船舶相对地面的推算航向。Crude Oil Washing原油洗舱（COW）A system of cleaning the cargo tanks by washing them with the cargo of crude oil during discharge.卸原油时使用货油清洗油舱的系统。Crash-stop紧急停车An emergency reversal operation of the main engine(s) to avoid a collision. 用主机紧急倒车以避免碰撞。Damage control team破损控制队A group of crew members trained for fighting flooding in the vessel.船上经过堵漏抢险训练的船员小组。Datum基准（面、点）1. The most probable position of search target at a given time. 在给定时间被搜寻物标的最或然位置。2. the plane of reference to which all data as to the depth on charts are referenced. 作为海图上所有水深数据参照的基面。Derelict 遗弃船Vessel still afloat, abandoned at sea被抛弃在海上、尚在漂浮的船舶Disabled丧失航行能力A vessel damaged or impaired in such a manner as to be incapable of proceeding on its voyage. 船舶遭受损坏或损害以致不能继续航行Distress alert遇险警报A radio signal from a distressed vessel automatically directed to an MRCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as well as the nature of distress.从遇险船自动向海上救助协调中心发出无线电信号，报告船舶的位置、标识、航向和航速，以及遇险的性质。Distress/ Urgency traffic遇险/紧急通信The verbal exchange of information on radio from ship to shore and/ or ship to ship/ air craft about a distress/ urgency situation as defined in the relevant ITU Radio Regulations. 在ITU无线电规则中有关规定进行船对岸和/或船对船/飞机的遇险/紧急情况的无线电口语信息交流Dragging走锚Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel.由于锚非自主地在海底移动而不再能制止船舶的行动。Dredging拖锚Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 有意在海底拖锚移动，以控制船舶的运动。Drop back(to)增距To increase the distance from the vessel ahead by reducing ones own speed 通过减低自己的船速而增加与前船的距离。Escape route紧急通路A clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an emergency 船上清楚标示出的用于紧急情况的通路。Escort护航Attending a vessel to be available in case of need, e.g. ice-breaker, tug, etc. 在有需要时由破冰船、拖轮等，护卫某一船舶。Fire patrol消防巡逻A member of the watch going around the vessel at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire may be promptly detected, mandatory in vessels carrying more than 36 passengers. 值班船员每隔一定时间对全船进行巡逻，以便及时发现火灾；载客超过36人船舶需强制执行。Flooding进水Major uncontrolled flow of seawater into the vessel.海水不受控制地大量涌入船舶。Foul of anchor缠锚Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an obstruction锚被自身锚链或被某一障碍物缠绕。Foul of propeller缠螺旋桨A line, wire, net, etc. is wound round the propeller.缆绳、钢缆、网等缠绕到螺旋桨上。Hatch rails舱口围栏Ropes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to prevent persons from falling into a hold. 为防止人员坠如开敞着的货舱而在其四周设置用支柱支撑的绳索。General emergency alarm综合警报A sound signal of seven short blasts and one prolonged blast given with the vessels sound system. 船舶声响系统发出的七短一长的声号Inert(to)惰化To reduce the oxygen in a tank by inert gas avoid an explosive atmosphere 用惰性气体减少油舱内的氧气含量，以避免发生爆炸Initial course初始航向Course directed by the OSC or other authorized person to be steered at the beginning of a search在搜索开始时由现场指挥OSC或经授权的人员指示的驾驶航向Jettison(to) (of cargo)抛弃货物To throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency在紧急情况下为减轻船重或提高稳性将船上的货物抛弃Leaking泄漏Escape of liquids such as water, oil, etc., out of pipes, boilers, tanks, etc., or a minor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to the hull.象水、油等液体从管道、锅炉、油水舱渗漏出或由于船壳损坏而造成少量的海水流如船舶。Leeward下风On or towards the sheltered side of a ship; opposite of windward在或向船舶遮蔽的一侧，与上风相反List 横倾Inclination of the vessel to port side or starboard side船舶向左舷或右舷倾斜MRCC: Maritime RescueCo-ordination Center海上搜救协调中心Land-based authority responsible for promoting efficient organization of maritime search and rescue and for co-ordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region在某一搜救区域内负责推进有效的海上搜救组织工作和协调指挥搜救行动的陆上管理当局Off air停播When the transmissions of a radio station etc., have broken down, been switched off or suspended. 无线电台等发生故障、关闭或暂停发射。Off station 移位Not in charted position. 不在图示的位置上。On-Scene Co-ordinator现场协调指挥官（OSC）A person designed to co-ordinate search and rescue operations within a specified area 在指定区域内被指定为协调搜救作业的协调官Public address system 公共广播系统（PA-System）Loudspeakers in the vessels cabins, mess rooms, etc., and on deck through which important information can be broadcast from a central point, mostly from the navigation bridge.通过安装在船舶舱室、餐厅等处以及甲板上的扬声器，广播中心，通常设在驾驶台，可以发布重要信息。Recover (to)救起To pick up shipwrecked persons 救回失事船舶上的人员Rendez-vous会合An appointment between vessels normally made on radio to meet in a certain area or position船舶之间通常使用无线电约定在某一确定的区域或位置交会.Restricted areaA deck, space, area, etc., in vessels where, for safety reasons, entry is only permitted for authorized crew members 由于安全原因,只允许经授权的船员才可进入的船舶甲板、舱室或区域等。Retreat signal撤退信号Sound, visual or other signal to a team ordering it to return to its base为了让小组返回基地而发出的声音、视觉或其他信号。Roll call点名The act of checking how many the passengers and crew members are present, e.g. at assembly stations, by reading aloud a list of their names譬如在集合地点通过大声朗读名单以检查旅客和船员实到人数与姓名的行动Safe working load安全工作负荷量（SWL）Maximum working load of lifting equipment that should not be exceeded. 起吊设备的最大允许工作负荷。Search speed搜寻航速The speed of searching vessels directed by the OSC由现场协调指挥官向搜救船舶指示的速度Seamark海上标志A navigational aid placed to act as a beacon or warning作为航标或警告性标志而设置的助航设施Segregation隔票Separation of goods which for different reasons must not be stowed together.由于各种原因而必须使货物分隔，不得积载在一起的做法Shifting cargo货物横移Transverse movement of cargo, especially bulk cargo, caused by rolling or a heavy list由于横摇或严重横倾引起的货物特别是散装货物的横向移动Speed of advance 进速The speed at which a storm center moves 风暴中心的移动速度Elongated spreader加长踏板Step of a pilot ladder which prevents the ladder from twisting为防止引航员梯子翻转而加长的踏板TEU标准集装箱Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (standard container dimension)20英尺（标准集装箱尺寸）集装箱Transit通过、穿越The passage of a vessel through a canal, fairway, etc.船舶通过运河、航道等Transit speed通过（穿越）速度Speed of a vessel required for passage through a canal, fairway, etc.船舶通过运河、航道等所要求的航速Transshipment (of cargo)（货物）转运The transfer of goods from one vessel to another outside harbors在港外将货物从一艘船转运到另一艘船Union purchase联杆作业A method of cargo handling by combining two derricks, one of which is fixed over the hatch