外研版 选修六 Module 1 Small Talkgrammar课件（共25张PPT）.ppt

grammar reviewofattributiveclauses readthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativeclauses onafreezingcoldday hefoundwhathewaslookingfor agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheantelope inthebattlewhichfollowedhewasshotandkilled oftenworkingatnight thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime leavingonlythebabies whosewoolisnotworthsomuch theanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoindia whereitismadeintotheshawls inthe1990sthechinesegovernmentbegantoprotecttheantelopesinthehohxilnaturereserve thehugenationalparkontheqinghai tibetanplateau whichisthemainhabitatoftheantelopes thesmallgroupofofficialswhoworkinthereservearehelpedbyvolunteerswhocomefromalloverthecountry andwhoarereadyforthedifficultconditionsoflifeat5 000metres meanwhile inthosecountrieswheretheshawlsaresold policearegettingtoughwiththedealers morerelativeclausesfromthepassage 定语从句的定义 在英语中 如果修饰或限制一个名词或代词的成分是一个从句 这样的从句就叫定语从句 一般说来 在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词所充当 故 定语从句又称为形容词性从句 thecomputerthatiboughtinnanjingthissummerworkswonderfully 先行词 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 组 onafreezingcoldday hefoundwhathewaslookingfor agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheantelope inthebattlewhichfollowedhewasshotandkilled oftenworkingatnight thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime leavingonlythebabies whosewoolisnotworthsomuch theanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoindia whereitismadeintotheshawls inthe1990sthechinesegovernmentbegantoprotecttheantelopesinthehohxilnaturereserve thehugenationalparkontheqinghai tibetanplateau whichisthemainhabitatoftheantelopes thesmallgroupofofficialswhoworkinthereservearehelpedbyvolunteerswhocomefromalloverthecountry andwhoarereadyforthedifficultconditionsoflifeat5 000metres meanwhile inthosecountrieswheretheshawlsaresold policearegettingtoughwiththedealers onafreezingcoldday hefoundwhathewaslookingfor agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheantelope inthebattlewhichfollowedhewasshotandkilled oftenworkingatnight thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime leavingonlythebabies whosewoolisnotworthsomuch theanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoindia whereitismadeintotheshawls inthe1990sthechinesegovernmentbegantoprotecttheantelopesinthehohxilnaturereserve thehugenationalparkontheqinghai tibetanplateau whichisthemainhabitatoftheantelopes thesmallgroupofofficialswhoworkinthereservearehelpedbyvolunteerswhocomefromalloverthecountry andwhoarereadyforthedifficultconditionsoflifeat5 000metres meanwhile inthosecountrieswheretheshawlsaresold policearegettingtoughwiththedealers 关系词 连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 that which 先行词指物 that who whom 先行词指人 that 先行词指 人 物 时 when时间 状语 where地点 状语 why原因 状语 在从句中做主 宾 表 在从句中做主 宾 表 在从句中做主 宾 表 whose在从句中限定另一名词 关系词的分类 1 which that指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可以省略 1 hisfatherworksinafactorythatmakestvsets hisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakestvsets 2 thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful thefilmwesawlastnightwasverywonderful 关系代词 2 who指人 既它的先行词必须是人 在从句中作主语 whom是宾格 只能作宾语 可以省略 但口语中有时who也可做宾语 ps that有时也指人 代替who whom 可作主语或宾语 1 thegirlswhoweren tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates thegirlsthatweren tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates 2 heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday heknewtheteacherwemetyesterday 3 whose先行词既可以是人也可以是物 whose在从句中作定语 isawawoman herbagwasstolen isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen pleaseshowmethebook itscoverisred pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred i llcallaperson hisfatherknowsyou i llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou 4 关系词只能用that的情况 1 itwasthebestbag ihadeverhad 2 thatisall iwanttosay 3 thisistheverygift wasgivenbymyfather 4 haveyougotthepersonsandthings youneed 5 hewasthefirstperson passedtheexam 6 whoisthestudent waslateforschooltoday 7 thereisabookonthedesk belongstotom 5 关系词只能用which的情况 1 whatisthat isunderthedesk 2 thisisthehousein helives 3 tomwentback madeushappy 关系副词when where why分别指时间 地点或理由的先行词 在从句中作状语 关系副词when where why的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使用 thereareoccasionswhen onwhich onemustyield beijingistheplacewhere inwhich iwasborn isthisthereasonwhy forwhich herefusedouroffer 关系副词 1 thisisthehouse helived thisisthehouse hevisited 2 thisistheday ifirstwentabroad thisistheday iwillneverforget 3 thereason iboughtthebookisthatididn thaveenoughmoney thereason heexplainedtomeisthathedidn thaveenoughmoney where inwhich that which when onwhich that which why forwhich that which note1 that可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词后取代when where why和 介词 which 引导的定语从句 在口语中that常被省略 hisfatherdiedtheyear that when inwhich hewasborn heisunlikelytofindtheplace that where inwhich helivedfortyyearsago 1 thisisthecar whichiboughtlastyear 2 thisisthecar whichipaid100 3 thisisthecar whichispent100 4 thisisthecar whichigotoworkeveryday 5 thisisthecar whichican tgotowork for on in without 6 thisisthecar whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7 thisisthecar whichaboythrewastone 8 thisisthecar whichwetalked 9 thisisthecar whichthewindowwasbroken by at about of note2 关系代词前介词 介词 which 的确定 whom who that 1 thisisthehero weareproudof thisisthehero weareproud 2 sheisthegirl ioftentalkedwith sheisthegirl ioftentalk 3 我住的这间房子很大 theroom iliveinisverybig theroom iliveisverybig theroom iliveisverybig ofwhom whom who that withwhom that which inwhich where 总结 介词放在关系代词前 介词宾语只能用which指物 whom指人 这就是我照顾的那个人 注意 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 例如 lookafter lookat thisisthemanafterwhomilook thisisthemanwhomilookafter 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 isthatthenewspaper whichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms whichi mnotsure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 1949wastheyear whichthep r c wasfounded note3 关系代词前介词 介词 which 的确定 for of in 补充 as引导定语从句 1 在由as引导的定语从句中所修饰的词 先行词 前面常有such或thesame 例如 suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays ihavethesametroubleasyou have 2 as在定语从句中可以作主语 宾语或表语 例如 let sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus 作主语 ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells 作宾语 i veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis 作表语 3 as有时引导非限制性定语从句 可在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 修饰主句 常解释为 正如 如同 例如 asisknowntoall theearthmovesroundthesun 作主语 aswasexpected heperformedthetaskwithsuccess 作主语 ashepredicted thewindchanged 作宾语 themeetingisveryimportant asindeeditis 作表语 1 hisparentswouldn tlethimmarryanyone familywaspoor a ofwhomb whomc ofwhosed whose2 inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp a thatb whoc fromwhomd towhom d d 3 afterlivinginpairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild a whichb wherec thatd when b 4 ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella thatis igotwetthrough