北师大版选修七Unit 21 human biology lesson 1 super athletes B学案.docx

unit 21 human biology lesson 1 super athletes b学案条件句和混合条件句虚拟语气语法初识原句感知自主探究a.if current olympic champion marion jones took such drugs, she would probably have broken that world record more than once.if peter was a more skillful player, he would have scored more points.bben johnson would still be the 100 metres world record holder, if he had not been caught.if he had broken that record, he would be a worldfamous runner now.(1)a组句子中，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，而主句表示与过去事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“非真实的、常常是想象中的现在状态，可能对过去有影响”，其构成形式是：“if主语动词的过去式，主语would_have_done”。(2)b组句子中，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句表示与现在事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“想象中的过去事件可能对现在有影响”，其构成形式是：“if主语had_done，主语would动词原形”。语法剖析在英语中，我们一般把条件句分为两种，即真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句亦可称为虚拟条件句。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。一、虚拟条件句if 虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反if主语动词过去式主语would/should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反if主语had过去分词主语would/should/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反主语would/should/could/might动词原形if i were a bird, i could fly.如果我是一只鸟的话，我就能飞了。if we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train.如果我们早点出发，就不会错过这列火车了。if he shouldnt come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next monday.要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。名师点津在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词有were/should/had时，可以省略if，把它们提到主语前面，条件从句变为部分倒装句。were i at school again, i would study harder.如果我可以再上学，我会更努力地学习。had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.如果你早一点到，你就会赶上那趟车了。should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨，我们就不去爬山。即时演练1单句语法填空(2014湖南高考)if mr.dewey had_been (be) present, he would_have_offered (offer) any possible assistance to the people there.(湖南高考)sorry, i am too busy now, if i had (have) time, i would certainly go for an outing with you.if i were (be) you, i would_go (go) to see the film lostonjourney.if you had_worked (work) hard last year, you _would_have_passed (pass) the test.if she should_come/came/were_to_come (come) tomorrow, i would_ask (ask) her for help. 二、混合虚拟条件句通常情况下，虚拟条件句和主句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思来采取不同的谓语动词形式。我们把这种结构称为混合条件句或错综时间条件句。这样的句子不仅仅是时间不同，主要是事实和假设的混合。这种虚拟情况的动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用。可将其分为两种：1想象中的现在状态可能对过去有影响。if i were you, i would have taken his advice.如果我是你的话，我就接纳他的建议。2想象的过去事件可能对现在有影响。if i had taken my raincoat with me this morning, i would not be wet now.如果今天早上带上雨衣的话，我现在就不会淋湿了。即时演练2单句语法填空(2014北京高考)we would_be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(北京高考)maybe if i had_studied (study) science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help.if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this morning, i would_have_gone (go) to see the film with you last night.if he had_listened (listen) to me, he would not be in such trouble now.if you had not studied the problem carefully, you would_find (find) it difficulty now. 应用实战一、链接高考单句语法填空1(2016北京高考)why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? if you had_told (tell) me, i could have helped.2(北京高考)if we had_booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.3(天津高考)if he had spent more time practising speaking english before, he would_be (be) able to speak it much better now.4(重庆高考)it rained cats and dogs this morning.im glad we took an umbrella.yeah, we would have got wet all over if we hadnt_taken (not take) it.5(福建高考)do you think george has passed the driving test?no.if so, he would_have_driven (drive) his car to our college yesterday.二、针对演练.单句语法填空1if it had_rained (rain) last night, the ground would be wet now.2if she had got financial aid, she would_graduate (graduate) from a college this fall.3if we hadnt made adequate preparations, we shouldnt_dare (not dare) to do the experiment next week.4if he had_listened (listen) to me, he would not be in such trouble now.5if i had_studied (study) english at school, i could read the english novel now.6if i had_studied (study) harder in school, i could qualify for the job now.7if he had_followed (follow) the doctors advice, he would already recover.8if we shouldnt have an exam this afternoon, i would_go (go) shopping now.完成句子1他要是多得六票，现在就是我们的主席了。if he had_received six more votes, he would_be our chairman now.2如果玛丽是一位个性强的姑娘，当时她就会拒绝老板了。if mary were a girl of strong character, she would_have_said “no” to her boss.3要不是有医生的照料，我此时就不会在这里和你说话了。if it hadnt_been for the doctors care, i would_not_be_speaking to you now.4如果你登上那航班，你现在就不会在此享受生活了。if you had_gone on board the plane, you would_not_be_enjoying your life here now. 5如果你(那时)听从医生的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。if you had_followed the doctors advice, you would_be all right now. 对应学生课下能力提升(九).根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1the policeman took away his bike because he had violatedthe traffic regulation.2english is a compulsory subject in our school, which means that everyone has to learn it.3since no one opposes the plan, well put it into practice soon.4i cannot tolerate anyone laughing at me in public.5winning an olympic gold medal is the supreme (最高的) honor for every athlete.6the officials were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to control the market price.7you must first seek (寻求) their permission before publishing their names in your book.8its an annual (一年一次的) examination. if you fail this year, you have to wait till next year.选词填空in vain, make it, rather than, at random, at all costs, in use, due to, come across1my bike bought 10 years ago is still in_use2the parents are determined to support their daughters college education at_all_costs3they chose some people at_random in the street to give the questionnaires.4tidying up the room, she came_across some old photographs in a drawer. 5the teams success was largely due_to marys efforts.6i spent three days putting up a cottage but a storm made it in_vain7he had never really made_it as an actor until he met the famous director.8it is management that is at fault rather_than the workers.完成句子1my deskmate was caught cheating_in_the_exam (考试作弊) last week.2i_had_my_watch_stolen (表被偷了) last night when i went back home.3if we take a bus, we should make_it (赶得上) before five.课文缩写语法填空due 1.to better equipment, training and diet, the records have been broken, but recently, improvements have begun to slow 2.downsome experts predict a ceiling for many events.in order 3.to_enhance (enhance) performance, some athletes take the drugs which can get people more excited and energetic than normality and which are 4.originally (original) developed to help people with illnesses.taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they improve performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.the olympic spirit the spirit of competition which 5.emphasises (emphasis) taking part rather than winning has been 6.violated (violate) by the desire to succeed 7.at all costs. so the sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.all the sports associations or organizations around the world announce to fight against it.however, it appears as if all efforts are 8.in vain, partly because it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other 9.participants (participant) are only tested 10.at random and partly because new drugs are always being developed ahead of drug tests.anyway, the fight will and must fiercely go on and we all hope the word “hero” wont lose its meaning.完形填空we all may run a marathon. for most of us, a single marathon would be a challenge but for tim borland, its just _1_borland, a 31yearold personal trainer, _2_ completed an athletic challenge: 63 marathons in 63 days. but borland wasnt _3_ to this by the spirit of competition.he didnt care about winning the races his only _4_ was to raise money for children who get at, a rare childrens disease.years ago, borlands meeting _5_ cathryn achilles, a girl who got the disease, _6_ his life. “she taught me what we should do in this world, and how to appreciate and be _7_ for all that we have.”_8_ by achilles, he decided to help children with the disease by doing what he did best: running.as a personal trainer, borland has always been an enthusiastic runner and athlete. _9_ a 63day run would require more endurance (耐力) than usual. to _10_ himself, he increased his daily runs from 15 to 30 miles a day five days a week. all the _11_ later proved to be _12_ when he began running.“the run was very _13_ at the very beginning，” says borland. “but gradually i began to feel much easier.”borland began his _14_ on labor day, travelling across the country, and _15_ in november. he ran more than 1，650 miles in 26 states. and his great _16_ have raised $2 million. however, borland wont take all the credit for it. he received a lot of _17_ along the way. and the biggest inspiration (鼓舞) _18_ the children themselves. in many cities, children with at would _19_ in their wheelchairs while borland ran.“each run with kids with at was a lifechanging _20_，” says borland.“each one will stay with me forever.”语篇解读：本文讲述了莘姆宝兰为患at疾病的儿童筹款，在63天跑了63次马拉松。1a.differentbterrificcspecial dordinary解析：选d根据“for most of us, a single marathon would be a challenge but for tim borland, its just _1_”以及下文“.63 marathons in 63 days.”可知“对于我们来说一次马拉松可能是个挑战，但是对于蒂姆宝兰来说，它却很平常，他在63天跑了63次”，因此选d项。2a.hardly brecentlycsoon dthen解析：选b“31岁的蒂姆宝兰最近完成了一个挑战”。recently“最近”，符合题意。3a.driven bgivencused dawarded解析：选a根据下文“. his only _4_ was to raise money for children who get at, a rare childrens disease.”可知，“蒂姆这么做并不是受比赛精神的驱使”。drive“驱使”，符合题意。4a.support bchoicecchance dconcern解析：选d根据“he didnt care about winning the races .”可知，“他并不关心比赛的输赢，他所关心的是为患at疾病的儿童筹款”，由care about可知此空填concern。5a.with bat cup dtoward解析：选a“数年前，他和卡思琳阿基里斯的相遇”，“和相遇”，用介词with。6a.enjoyed briskedcchanged dmanaged解析：选c根据下文“she taught me what we should do in this world, and how to appreciate and be .”可知，“和卡思琳阿基里斯的相遇改变了他的生活”。7a.anxious bthankfulcready deager解析：选b根据appreciate可知此空应为thankful, be thankful for“对感激”。8a.admired bpermittedcrespected dinspired解析：选d“被卡思琳阿基里斯激励，他决定为患病的孩子做件事”。9a.but bthereforecand dor解析：选a“尽管作为一名私人教练，他也是一位长跑爱好者和运动员，但是63天的长跑需要更大的忍耐力”。前后两句为转折关系，因此用but。10a.behave bpreparecencourage dprotect解析：选b“为了做好准备，他把一周五天的训练由每天的15英里增加到30英里”。prepare“准备”。11a.treatment binformationctraining dadvice解析：选c根据上文“. increased his daily runs from 15 to 30 miles a day five days a week.”可知这些都是蒂姆的训练。12a.wrong bdifficultcattractive duseful解析：选d根据下文可知，所有的训练被证明都是“有用的”。13a.hard bsmoothcslow dexciting解析：选a根据下文“but gradually i began to feel much easier.”可知，“一开始时，长跑是很困难的”。14a.education bjourneycwriting dlesson解析：选b“他在五一劳动节开始他的旅程”。15a.appeared bfailedcorganised dfinished解析：选d根据上句他在五一劳动节开始他的旅程及下句他跑过26个州1 650英里可知此处指他在11月“结束”。16a.efforts bdemandscstresses dperformances解析：选a“通过他的努力，他筹了二百万美元”。effort“努力”，符合题意。demand“要求”；stress“压力”；performance“表演”。17a.help bopinionscattention dcalls解析：选a“他得到了很多帮助”。18a.dated from brelated tocdevoted to dcame from解析：选d“而最大的鼓励是来自孩子们本身”。come from“来自”。19a.ride bsettleccircle dsit解析：选a“孩子们给了蒂姆最大的鼓励。当蒂姆在跑时，他们也在跑”。根据下文“each run with kids with at was a lifechanging _20_.”也可得出此空为ride。20a.movement bdecisioncmoment dexperience解析：选d对于蒂姆来说“每一次和患病孩子一起跑都是改变生命的一次经历”。.阅读理解one minute, renata glasner is watching the waves crash on leblon beach from her wheelchair. the next, shes riding the waves on a specially adapted surfboard.glasner, a 35yearold graphic designer, was found to have the disease of multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化) four years ago. she is one of dozens of disabled people being assisted by adaptsurf, a riobased nongovernmental organization that aims to make beaches accessible to the disabled and encourage them to practice water sports. men and women with cerebral palsy, down syndrome, people missing a limb (肢体), the blind, the deaf and even the paralyzed (瘫痪的) all hit the waves here.“the taste of salt water has no price，” said glasner, who began to lose control over her legs shortly after the birth of her first child and now requires a helper to move her from her wheelchair onto the surfboard. “after youre diagnosed with a disease like mine, you cant even imagine youre ever again going to experience that taste.”adaptsurf was started in 2007, 10 years after a robbery left cofounder henrique saraiva partially paralyzed. the 18yearold saraiva had been cycling near his home in a nice rio neighborhood when he was shot by passing thieves.saraiva eventually traded his wheelchair for the crutches (拐杖) that he still uses to get around. but saraiva says that surfing is the only time he can really forget about his disability. “its the one place where i can feel like im just like everybody else.”in brazil the beach is a center stage for social life. its where families reunite, friendships are made, couples come together and deals are struck. “imagine, youre in a country thats surrounded by beaches, where the beach is an almost mystical (神秘的) place. but when youre confined to a wheelchair, you sit there sweating under the sun and watching everyone play in the water，” said saraiva.several dozen disabled people attend adaptsurf, taking hourslong bus rides to be there every weekend. the group has even had people come from as far as the capital, brasilia, some 725 miles (1，170 kilometers) away. adaptsurf meets every saturday and sunday of the year, weather permitting.语篇解读：本文主要讲了专为残疾人创立的可以让他们享受海上冲浪的组织adaptsurf。1the m