北师大版高二选修8学案： Unit 23 Grammar.doc

倒装句和强调句i. 倒装句倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要或强调某一句子成分的需要。倒装包括完全倒装和部分倒装，有些异常语序也属于倒装。1. 完全倒装完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。下列几种情况中多用完全倒装：地点状语位于句首，且主语是名词而谓语是不及物动词的陈述句。如：on the top of the hill stands a tree.在“there + be / live / lie / stand等”结构中。如：there is a man at the door wants to see you.there lived an old fisherman in that house. 当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适合于后者时，通常要用“so / neither / nor +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。如：henry is a teacher and so is his wife.if james doesnt go there tomorrow, neither / nor will kitty.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词位于句首，主语是名词，谓语动词通常是be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等时。如：here are my replies to your questions.there come the rest of the students.down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.注意：当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：away he went.down it fell. 有时为了强调或使句子平衡，常把句子的表语置于句首，构成完全倒装。如：below is a restaurant.nearby are houses built by the villagers themselves.gone are the days when they had nothing to eat.有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词或不定式置于句首。如：lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.hidden underground is a wealth of gold.to be carefully considered are the following questions.2. 部分倒装部分倒装是把谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词提到主语之前。常见的部分倒装结构有：含否定意义的词或短语（not, nor, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, few, nowhere, not until, not only, no sooner, in no way, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等）置于句首。如：never have i seen such a beautiful park. seldom did michael go to the cinema.rarely does the temperature go above forty here. not only did he work faster, he worked better also.no sooner had i reached the station than the train left.“only +状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。如：only then did phoebe realise the importance of it.only in this way can you improve the situation.only when she came home did her mother learn the news.当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if，将were, should, had移到主语之前。如：were i you, i would invite louise.should it rain tomorrow, we would cancel the meeting.had you come yesterday, you would have seen dennis.as / though引导的让步状语从句常用于以下语序，即：adj. / adv. /分词/名词（不带冠词）/短语+ as +主语+谓语；v. + as +主语+助动词。如：difficult as it is, justin decides to overcome it.much as i respected lee, i can not agree him.praised as sue was, she remained modest.child as mary is, she is a gifted dancer.fail as they did, they would never give in.lose money as carl did, he had learned a lesson.注意：在so . that结构中，“so +形容词/副词”置于句首时，通常引起部分倒装，但如果谓语动词为be时，则为全部倒装。如：so earnestly did the boy beg that his father gave his permission.（部分倒装）so small was the mark that i could hardly see it. （全部倒装）ii. 强调句英语中常用以下结构对句子的某些成分进行强调：1. it + be +被强调部分+ that / who从句原句peter took his sister to the park last saturday.强调主语it was peter who took his sister to the park last saturday.强调宾语it was his sister that peter took to the park last saturday.强调时间状语it was last saturday that peter took his sister to the park.强调地点状语it was to the park that peter took his sister last saturday.2. wh-从句+ be +被强调部分原句peter took his sister to the park last saturday.强调动作或行为what peter did was (to) take his sister to the park last saturday.3