延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用.doc

延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用作者: admin来源: 网络文章时间: 2016-07-23(1)有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在)，但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。(2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：用相应的延续性动词如： buy have borrow keep come/go/become be put on wear catch a cold have a cold 转换成be+名词如： join be a member of go to school be a student 转换成be+形容词或副词如： die be dead leave be away begin be on finish be over fall asleep be asleep open be open get up be up close closed 转换成be+介词短语如： come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach be in/at join the army be in the army(军队)e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书。I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。His grandfather has died. 他祖父已经死了。His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。(3)在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。e.g. I havent borrowed books from the library since last