人教版必修五Unit 5 First aid grammar学案.docx

unit 5 first aid grammar学案省略句种类例句说明主语的省略beautiful day (= it is a beautiful day), isnt it?pity we live so far from the sea. (it is a pity we live so far from the sea.)有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。she was poor but (she was) honest.-did you know anything about the accident?-not until you told me. (= i didnt know anything about it until you told me.)谓语的省略-what do you think made mary so upset?-losing her new bicycle (made mary so upset).状语从句的省略seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.if (it is) possible, ill go there with you.注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。不定式的省略the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)-alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-i was going to (come yesterday), but i had an unexpected visitor.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。-did you tell him the news?-i ought to have (told him the news), but i didnt know how to speak.-are you an engineer?-no, but i want to be.状语从句中的省略用法一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were）可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。1. when, while引导的时间状语从句e.g. 当你过马路的时候一定要小心。do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.在我去工作的路上，我遇见了她。when/while (i was) on my way to work, i met her.2. if , unless，once引导的条件状语从句e.g. if (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.我不会去晚会的，除非我被邀请。ill not go to the party unless (i am) invited.一旦你在超市里被抓到偷东西，你会受到惩罚的。once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.3. though, although, whether, no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g. 他很开心，尽管他很贫穷。he was happy, though/although (he was) poor.他虽然年轻但懂得很多。though (he is) young, he knows a lot. no matter how/however hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）4. as if, as though引导的方式状语从句e.g.she lay there, as if (she was) dead. （省略的主语和主句的主语一致）he opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。he stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。e.g. he is taller than his brother (is). i have as much as confidence in you as (i have confidence) in him.三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is, that is, there is/are。e.g.如果有必要的话，这个老庙会被重新修建。 if (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. if (that is) so, i will call you back at 5:00 pm. there are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.四、定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。e.g. 你昨天拜访的那个人是我的祖父。the man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. 我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。 i dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.五、虚拟语气中if及should的省略1. 当条件状语从句中有were, had, should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。e.g. if i were a teacher, i would be strict with my students. = were i a teacher, i would be strict with my students.2. suggest, insist, order, require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。e.g. 医生建议他尽力去减肥。the doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.六、 so和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, im afraid等连用e.g. do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? i suppose not. can you finish your work today? 我认为能。i think so . 我认为不能。i dont think so . / i think not . 七、日常交际中的省略在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。e.g. how many copies do you want? - (i want) three copies, please. - have you ever been to the great wall? - no, (i have) never (been to the great wall).注意：1. 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch等和使役动词have, make, let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。2. do nothing but, cant help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。e.g. 我们昨天只是仅仅呆在家里看电视了。we didnt do anything but stay at home watching tv yesterday. 听到这个消息，她禁不住哭了。 hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.3. 在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be, have时，也保留be和have。e.g. my parents encouraged me to go to college, （但是我不想去）but i didnt want to.1. (2018哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)all of the clothes in the shop are sold at half price, _otherwise noted.a. asb. ifc. untild. unless解析：考查连词。句意为：商店里所有的衣服均半价销售，除非另有说明。根据句意可知，空处表示“除非”。答案：d2. (2018陕西咸阳高考模拟考试二)just now the patient opened her mouth as if _something to her husband.a. saidb. sayc. to sayd. to have said解析：考查省略。句意为：刚刚那病人张开她的嘴，似乎要对他的丈夫说些什么。分析句子成分可知，此处为as if引导的状语从句，补充完整为：as if she was to say something to her husband，此处省略了主语和be动词。答案：c3. (2018哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁实验中学一联)hi, are you an engineer in lenovo group?no, but i_.a. want tob. want to bec. want sod. want it解析：考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师。答语是：“ no，but i want to be an engineer in lenovo group，”的省略形式。当不定式有be时，be不可省略。答案：b4. (2018济宁模拟)as is often the case, little tom, if_, is most likely to stop crying soon.a. left ignoringb. left ignoredc. leaving ignoringd. leaving ignored解析：考查省略。句意为：如果听之任之, 小tom可能很快停止哭泣, 通常就是这样。句子补充完整为：if he is left ignored (if we leave him ignored), 此处ignored表示被动含义。答案：b5. (2018佳木斯一中高三第四次调研)he is ready to help others, seldom, _refusing them when they turn to him.a. if neverb. if everc. if notd. if any解析：考查省略句的用法。句意为：他乐于助人, 如果有人向他求助被拒绝的话, 那也很少。if ever相当于if he ever refuses to help others。答案：b。基础演练一、单项填空1. whats the matter with della?well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _.a. hopes to b. hopes soc. hopes not d. hopes for2. some of you may have finished unit one._, you can go on to unit two.a. if you may b. if you doc. if not d. if so3. have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?yes._, im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.a. if ever b. if busy c. if anything d. if possible4. the house i grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which5. will the smiths leave for australia this spring?no, they finally decided _.a. not to leave b. not leaving c. not to d. not to be leaving6. he decided not to say anything at the meeting unless _.a. asking to b. to ask to c. asked to d. ask to7. have you watered the flowers?no, but _.a. i am b. im going c. im just going to d. i will go8. _ he come tomorrow, i would let you know.a. would b. should c. shall d. if9. did you have a good time in thailand last week?_.it was too hot.a. not really b. yeah, why not c. oh, great d. youre right10. i listen to english every day over the radio._interesting.a. sounds b. sounding c. it is sounded d. sound11. do you think we will have a long holiday next month?_.a. i believe not b. i believe not so c. i dont believe it d. i dont believe12. one of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.a. the other is white b. another whitec. the other white d. another is white13. if the food tastes nice, well buy some; if _, _.a. no; no b. not; notc. not; no d. no; not14. who should be responsible for the accident?the boss, not the workers. they just carried out the order _.a. as told b. as are toldc. as telling d. as they told15. my mother is preparing my favorite dishes. go with me and have a taste, okay?_.and ill be glad to meet your parents.a. i think so b. id love toc. im sure d. i hope so答案：1.a2. d3. d4. b5. c6. c7. c8. b9. a10. a11. a12. c13. b14. a15. b巩固提高一、句型转换(使用省略来改写句子) 1. she works hard. it is no wonder that she passed the exam.she works hard._ _ _ _ _ _.2. they havent completed the project，but they ought to have completed it.they havent completed the project，_ _ _ _ _.3. it is well done._ _.4. errors, if there are any, should be corrected.errors, _ _, should be corrected.5. if we had gone to the party, we would have known the fact._ _ _ _ _ _, we would have known the fact.答案：1.no; wonder; she; passed; the; exam2.but; they; ought; to; have3.well; done4.if; any5.had; we; gone; to; the; party二、用省略结构翻译句子1. 她想学好英语，但不知道怎么学。_2. 他建议我们去看电影。_3. 他不像过去那样早起床了。_4. 她除了等待另一个机会什么也不能做。_5. 尽管被告知了很多次，她仍然犯了同样的错误。_答案：1.she wants to learn english well，but she doesnt know how.2. he suggested we go to see the film.3. he doesnt get up early as he used to.4. she could do nothing but wait for another chance.5. although told many times，she still made the same mistake.三、短文改错when i first learned to write in english，i ran into much difficulties. the main problem was in that i always thought in chinese and tried to translate anything into english. my teacher advised me to keep my diary. i followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. soon i began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as i was learning to express me in simple english. one day i wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. she liked it very much and reads it to the class. all said the story was a good one. their word were a great encouragement to me.答案：when i first learned to write in english, i ran into difficulties. the main problem was in that i always thought in chinese and tried to translate into english. my teacher advised me to keep diary. i followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. soon i began to enjoy to myself on paper as i was learning to express in simple english. one day i wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. she liked it very much and it to the class. all said the story was a good one. their were a great encouragement to me.1. when first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. a. introducing b. introduced c. introduce d. being introduced 2. it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. a. questioning b. having questioned c. questioned d. to be questioned 3. the man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. a. seeing b. having seen c. to have seen d. to see 4. generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. a. when taking b. when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken 5. unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited 6. when _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. a. completedb. completing c. being completed d. to be completed 7. though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. a. lacked b. lacking of c. lacking d. lacked in 8. the research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun 9. you re always working. come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. a. anything b. something c. alld. that 10. is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? a. he explained b. what he explained c. how he explained d. why he explained 11. what surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. a. the way b. in the way that c. in the way d. the way which 12. it is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. a. something b. all c. both d. everything 13. thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you.a. something b. anything c. all d. that 14. as youve never been there before, ill have someone _ you the way. a. to show b. show c. showingd. showed 15. ill be away on a business trip. would y