人教版必修一unit 1 friendship reading课时作业1.docx

unit 1 friendship reading课时作业 阅读理解how come we think dogs are so smart? a dog might be clever enough to fetch his lead when he wants to go out.but he might also spend a whole hour running after his own tail.how can you measure an animals brain power?the hardest part is coming up with the right test.the test has to be something the dog can learn to do: select a block by pushing it with a nose, for example.the test also has to be something the dog wants to do: a dog might stare at that block until he figures out theres a hidden treat.researchers use treats to give dogs iq tests.the dog is presented with a plate with a blue block on it; underneath the block is a treat.the animal moves the block and gets the treat.now the test gets tricky.the dog is presented with the same plate, but this time it has a blue block and a yellow coffee can lid(盖子)on it; the treat is under the yellow lid.the test: how long does it take the dog to learn that the treat is always under the new object on the plate？the smarter the dog, the quicker hell find the treat.that seems simple enough, but things become more complicated (复杂的) when you try to compare different kinds of animals.monkeys_wipe_the_floor_with_dogs on this test.dogs may have to try hundreds of times before they select the yellow lid.monkeys learn much more quickly to find the hidden treat.does that mean monkeys are smarter than dogs?not necessarily.the test was originally designed for monkeys, and it gives them an unfair advantage: by nature monkeys are curious and like to check out new things.dogs tend to be cautious about approaching new things.even if you could find a test that was perfectly fair to all animals, its silly to ask whether one kind of animal is smarter than another.all animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.otherwise they wouldnt survive.a chicken can figure out where to get food or how to run from a predator(食肉动物)so a chicken is as smart as it needs to be.1what is a requirement for a test of animal intelligence?athe test must include a block like object.bthe test must compare two different animals.cthe test must be given when the animal is in training.dthe test must be something that can be taught to an animal.d解析：细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知， 测试必须是动物能学会而且想做的事情。2what does the underlined part “monkeys wipe the floor with dogs” in paragraph 4 mean?amonkeys are cleaner than dogs.bmonkeys perform better than dogs.cmonkeys have learnt to clean floors.dmonkeys like to compete with dogs.b解析：句意理解题。由划线部分下文中的dogs may have to try hundreds of times.more quickly to find the hidden treat.可知，猴子比狗更快找到食物， 由此可以推断，“monkeys wipe the floor with dogs”意为“猴子比狗表现得好”。3according to paragraph 5, how are monkeys and dogs different?amonkeys learn quickly but dogs learn slowly.bmonkeys like taking tests but dogs dislike them.cmonkeys do not like working with humans, but dogs do.dmonkeys explore new things but dogs shy away from them.d解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的monkeys are curious.be cautious about approaching new things可知， 猴子对新事物充满好奇， 而狗对新事物总会小心翼翼。4according to the text, which of the following statements is true?athe smartest animals make the best pets.bmost animals are as smart as they need to be.canimals can do what humans want them to do.dbigger animals are smarter than smaller animals.b解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的all animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.otherwise they wouldnt survive.可知， b项正确。 完形填空it was only in the eighteenth century that people in europe began to think mountains were beautiful._1_that time，mountains were_2_by the people living on the plain，_3_by the city people, to whom they were wild and_4_places in which one was easily_5_or killed by terrible animals.slowly, however, many of the people who were living_6_in the towns began to grow tired of_7_. they began to feel interested in looking for things which could not be explained, for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement._8_， in the _9_century, people began to turn away from the manmade_10_to the untouched country，and particularly_11_places where it was dangerous and wild. high mountains began to be _12_ for a holiday.then, mountain climbing began to grow popular as a sport. to some people, there is something greatly_13_about getting to the_14_of a high mountain：a struggle against nature is finer than a battle_15_other human beings. and then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult_16_， what a_17_reward it is to be able to look_18_on everything within_19_！at such time，you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel _20_【解题导语】本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。1a.after bin cat dbefored解析：根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故d项正确。2a.loved blikedcfeared dobservedc解析：根据下文的“they were wild”和“killed by terrible animals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。3a.however bfurthercsometimes despeciallyd解析：生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。4a.exciting binterestingcdangerous dalonec解析：根据下文的“killed by terrible animals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。5a.broken down blostcdiscovered dcaughtb解析：人们在山里容易迷路。be lost“迷路”，符合语境。break down“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。6a.unhappily blonelyccomfortably deasilya解析：慢慢地，许多在城镇中生活得不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；comfortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。7a.them bitcthemselves dthata解析：代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。8a.yet bso chowever dbutb解析：上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。9a.last brecent ceighteenth dearlyc解析：根据第一段中“it was only in the eighteenth century that people in europe began to think mountains were beautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。10a.country bhouses ctown dplanetc解析：根据上文“many of the people.in the towns began to grow tired of_”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故c项正确。11a.to bat cin dfora解析：turn away from.to.“离开去”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。12a.important bright cnecessary dpopulard解析：高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。13a.pleasant binterestedcdangerous dterriblea解析：对于一些人来说，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。14a.foot bspot ctop dtipc解析：爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”；foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。15a.in bto cagainst dbetweenc解析：a battle against.“与的战斗”。16a.fight bclimb cwalk drunningb解析：长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。17a.surprising bsatisfactorycdisappointing dastonishingb解析：能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人惊讶的”。18a.behind bup cdown daroundc解析：look down on“俯瞰”。19a.miles bminutes cseeing dsightd解析：俯瞰视野内的一切。sight“视野”，符合句意。miles“数英里”；minutes“数分钟”；seeing“观看”。20a.above bbelow cunder dawayb解析：在那时，你会比在山下时感到更高兴、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在的下面”，为介词；away“在远处”。 语法填空nigeria is a country in west africa. it has 1._ population of over 180 million, making it the most populous country in africa. nigeria is famous 2._ crude oil, music and fashion.last year i volunteered in nigeria for 7 months. my role was to set up youth clubs in primary and secondary schools. the purpose of the youth clubs was 3._(teach) children life skills such as teamwork, science and maths. it was a(n) 4._(enjoy) experience. i got to help other people and learn about nigerian culture firsthand. in particular i learnt about nigerian clothing and languages.as well as 5._(wear) western clothing, such as jeans and tshirts, nigerians also wear traditional clothing. traditional clothing 6._(be) bold with bright colours, eyecatching patterns(图案) and unique shapes. nigerians wear traditional clothing on fridays and sundays, and for special occasions like weddings. they either make the clothes themselves or have them 7._(make) by a tailor(裁缝)the official language in nigeria is english. english 8._(introduce) to nigeria when nigeria became part of