译林版高中英语必修四教案：：Unit 3 Tomorrow’s World Grammar and usage1.doc

m4u3 tomorrows world学案grammar and usage(被动语态)第一部分：重点讲解语态(voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1) john helped peter.(2) peter was helped by john.句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 e.g. football is played all over the world.im often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were +过去分词 e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xian. they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.when was the building completed? 这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词be going to + be + 过去分词e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.they are going to be given a difficult test.一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon. he told me that the film would be shown the next week.现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词e.g. the new airport is being built by a foreign company.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。the song is being sung by the girls now.过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.the student was being criticized when i went into the teachers office.将来完成时：will have been+过去分词e.g. by the end of next term 2000 english words will have been learned.the building will have been built by next year.现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词e.g. all the tickets have been sold .the book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：had been+过去分词e.g. forty schools had been visited by last year.all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词e.g. he said many words would have been learned by 2001.they promised that ten books would have been published by the next month.情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 e.g. this road must be mended.the machine parts may be needed in our work.工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。动词不定式：to be + 过去分词e.g. im glad to be asked questions.it is impossible for lost time to be made up.失去的时间不可弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；printing was introduced into europe from china. 印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。the airplane was made in u.s. such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；the song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.3. 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。you are requested to get here in time.请您准时来这儿。带行为主体的被动态行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为( by +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。e.g. the village was destroyed by a bomb. 这个村庄毁于炸弹。the painting is very valuable. it was painted by van gogh.这幅画很值钱，它是梵高画的。其它用法补充1.“it + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。e.g. it is said that prices will rise again this month.据说本月物价还将上涨。it is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。it is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。it is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.2. 用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。e.g. no chinese spoken here.shoes repaired. famous painting stolen. 名画被盗。第二部分：练习：1._ a new library _ in our school last year? a. is; builtb. was; builtc. does; buildd. did; build2.an accident _ on this road last week. a. has been happenedb. was happened c. is happenedd. happened3.cotton _ in the southeast of china. a. is grownb. are grownc. growsd. grow4.so far, the moon _ by man already. a. is visitedb. will be visitedc. has been visitedd. was visited5.a talk on chinese history _ in the school hall next week. a. is givenb. has been given c. will be givend. gives6.a lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. a. are doingb. are being donec. has been done d. will be done 7.the doctor _ for yet. a. isnt sentb. hasnt been sentc. wont be sentd. wasnt sent8.-when _ this kind of computers_? -last year. a. did; useb. was; usedc. is; usedd. are; used9.who _ this book _? a. did; writtenb. was; written byc. did; writtend. was; written10.mary _ show me her new dictionary. a. has asked tob. was asked toc. is askedd. asks to11.a story _ by granny yesterday. a. was told usb. was told to usc. is told usd. told us12.the monkey was seen _ off the tree. a. jumpb. jumpsc. jumpedd. to jump13.older people _ well. a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked after14.our teacher _ carefully.a. should be listened to b. should be listen c. be listenedd. is listened15. in some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served16. it was reported that the murderer _ arrested.a. has been b. had been c. has d. had17. do you think that the bridge _ in a year?a. would be completedb. will be completed c. had been completedd. is being completed18. great changes _ in china since the peoples republic of china _ in 1949.a. have taken place; was founded b. has taken place; was foundedc. have been taken place; foundedd. took place; founded19.why does ling ling look so unhappy? she has _ by her classmates.a. laughed b. laughed at c. been laughed d. been laughed at20. doctors _ in every part of the world.a. need b. are needingc. are neededd. will need21. i promise that matter will _.a. be taken care b. be taken care of c. take care d. take care of 22. no permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.a. been given b. givenc. to give d. be given23. i _ ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.a. gave b. was givenc. was givingd. had given24. can such a thing _ happening again?a. prevent fromb. prevented fromc. be prevented fromd. to prevent from25. a new house _ at the corner of the road.a. is buildingb. is being builtc. been builtd. be building26. this bike _ last year.a. boughtb. has been boughtc. was boughtd. had been bought27. did you see the house that _ by fire last year?a. was destroyingb. destroyedc. would destroyd. was destroyed28. it _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.a. hasnt been decidedb. isnt decidingc. doesnt decided. hasnt decided29. the pen _ me. it is hers.a. isnt belong to b. wasnt belong to c. doesnt belong to d. didnt belong to 30. i cant use my bike because it _.a. is repairingb. is being repairedc. will repaird. was repairing31. the chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.a. was expected; heardb. had expected; hearc had hoped; heard. was hoped; heard32 the window is dirty. i know. it _ for weeks. （2004全国03）a. hasnt cleaned b. didnt clean c. wasnt cleaned d. hasnt been cleaned33. by the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in beijing. a. would be completed b. was being completed c. has been completed d. had been completed 34.how long _ at this job?since 1990. (nmet 2003北京春季, 27)a. were you employed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed35.what happened to the priceless works of art?_. (nmet 2003北京春季, 34)a. they were destroyed in the earthquake b. the earthquake was destroying themc. they destroyed in the earthquake d. the earthquake destroyed them36.