译林版高中英语选修7学案：Unit4 Publictransport SectionⅠ Word版含解析.doc

unit 4public transport句型动名词作主语which引导非限制性定语从句现在分词作状语反意疑问句，表示提出建议it作形式主语when引导时间状语从句语法短语动词写作写一封关于旅行计划的电子邮件考向limit；damage；非限制性定语从句)；现在分词作状语；why not；permit；it作形式主语；put up；come across ；cause；speed up；in need of；动词短语等阅读下面的文章，试着完成下列问题。road safety：a public health issueat the inquest into the worlds first road traffic death in 1896，the coroner was reported to have said “this must never happen again”more than a century later,1.2 million people are killed on roads every year and up to 50 million more are injured.these casualties of the road will increase if action is not taken.throughout the world，roads are bustling with cars，buses，trucks，motorcycles，mopeds and other types of twoand threewheelers.by making the transportation of goods and people faster and more efficient，these vehicles support economic and social development in many countries.but while motorized travel provides many benefits，it can also do serious harm unless safety is made a priority.pedestrians and cyclists using roads are particularly at risk.crashes are frequent.deaths and injuries are common.if current trends continue，the number of people killed and injured on the worlds roads will rise by more than 60% between 2000 and 2020.most of these injuries will occur in developing countries where more and more people are using motorized transport，in these countries，cyclists，motorcyclists，users of public transport，and pedestrians are especially vulnerable to road traffic injuries.road deaths and injuries are preventablethere are solutions to the road safety problem.a wide range of effective interventions exist，and experience in countries with long histories of motorized travel has shown that a scientific and systematic approach to road safety is essential to tackling the problem.this approach addresses the traffic system as a whole and looks at the interactions between vehicles，road users and the road infrastructure to identify solutions.there is no single blueprint for road safety.interventions and strategies that work in one setting may need to be adapted elsewhere.during the coming months，who will focus specifically on interventions relating to five of the many factors that cause road traffic deaths and injuries.making our roads saferworld health day 2004 is dedicated to the theme of road safety.on this day7 aprilwho and the world bank will launch the world report on road traffic injury prevention，which presents the current knowledge of the global road traffic injury problem and offers sciencebased evidence and solutions to address it.who and partners are also launching a oneyear global road safety campaign，which aims to promote action to prevent road injuries.the loss and suffering associated with road traffic deaths and injuries are preventable.with firm political will and an integrated approach that addresses vehicles，the people who use roads，and the road infrastructure，roads can be made safer.questions：1how many people are killed on roads every year now according to the text?2how can people prevent road traffic deaths and injuries?keys：1.1.2 million people (are killed on roads every year)2with firm political will and an integrated approach that addresses vehicles，the people who use roads，and the road infrastructure，roads can be made safer.诱思探究do you know any effective approach that can make our roads safer?一、词汇拓展1_adv.遗憾地，不幸地_ adv.幸运地_ adj.幸运的2_ adj.难以置信的_ adj.可信的 _ v相信，认为_ n相信，信赖，信念3_ v承担，从事_ n承担者，承办人4_n所有权，产权_ n主人_ v拥有，adj.自己的5_ v扩大，扩展_ adj.大的，多数的6_ n周年纪念日 _ adj.每年的，一年一次的7_ n增加，增长 _ v种植，生长8_ n询问，咨询 _ v询问，调查9_ n少量的人或物；一把的量_n手，vt.传递10_v分割，分开_ (过去分词)11_n接待员_ n接待，接收_ v接待；收到12_ n预定，预约_ v预约，储备，保留13_n离开，出发_ v离开，出发14_ adj.好斗的，挑衅的_v侵犯，挑衅15_ adj.喝醉的，n.醉汉 _ v喝酒，喝二、短语互译1set a limit/limits on _2under the authority of _3add up to _4by means of _5be experienced in _6a handful of _7by hand _8put off _9put up with _10come up _11come across _12for pleasure _13without delay _14on the increase _15at full speed _16in favour of _17in need(of) _三、重点句型1however，most trains to london only went to the outer city limits，because _ _ _ _ _ _ would have damaged many old buildings.然而，大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。2passengers were transported in carriages without windows，_ were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.旅客乘坐的都是没有窗户的车厢，这些车厢由蒸汽机驱动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。3_ _ the situation，a wealthy american businessman，charles yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the underground electric railways company of london.看到这种情况，一个名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。4so，_ _ take a trip on the oldest underground system today?所以，今天为什么不乘坐最古老的地铁观光一番呢？5_ was interesting to read about how the london underground developed.阅读伦敦地铁发展史是很有意思的。6_ drivers do not pay attention to surrounding traffic，they are not ready when another driver does something wrong，like turning without signalling or giving wrong signals.如果司机不注意周围的交通状况，当另一位司机操作有误时，如未给出信号或给出了错误的信号就转向时，那么这些司机就没做好准备。答案：主题导读诱思探究：keys：the answer is various.基础导练一、1.unfortunately；fortunately；fortunate2unbelievable；believable；believe；belief3undertake；undertaker4ownership；owner；own5enlarge；large6anniversary；annual7growth；grow8enquiry；enquire9handful；hand10split；split11receptionist；reception；receive12reservation；reserve13departure；depart14aggressive；aggress15drunk；drink二、1.对加以限制2经批准3总共有4用方法5在方面有经验6少数的，少量的7用手工8推迟；使人反感9容忍10长出地面；升起11被理解；偶遇12为了消遣；为了好玩13毫不拖延14不断增加；正在增大中15全速行驶16赞同；支持17需要；缺少三、1.building railway tracks into the city2which 3having seen4why not5it6when在预习中还有哪些问题需要你在听课时加以关注？请在下列表格中做个备忘吧！我的学困点我的学疑点section welcome to the unit，reading & word power一、阅读the first underground in the world，回答下列问题1why did most trains to london only go to the outer city limits?abecause building railway tracks into the city would have needed much money.bbecause building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.cbecause the london government didnt approve the plan.dbecause the technology was not so advanced then.2if you travelled on the underground in 1884，you would _.alook out of the window of your carriage to enjoy the scenerybsee the smoke caused by steam enginescsuffer from noisedgo to the south in london3why are travelling on the underground lines inconvenient in the 1880s?abecause the price of the tickets was very high.bbecause you should queue up.cbecause the speed of the underground was slow.dbecause each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.4the underground sections were functioned as the following except _.abomb sheltersban underground airplane factorycmeeting roomsdfield hospitals5what is true about victoria line?ait links with some lines of london.bit is the last line added.cit was built in honour of the twentyfifth anniversary of queen elizabeths crowning.dit helps make the underground system more userfriendly.6this year is the _ anniversary of queen elizabeths crowning.a25th b50thc58th d60th7from the passage，we learn that _.aif you buy a travel card，you can travel all over londonbthree million people travel on the underground every yearcthe network of the underground system includes 12 lines and people can go sixtytwo miles out of londondthe london underground is the oldest and most complex system in the world8what is the main idea of the passage?ait tells the history and the development of london underground.bit tells the function of the london underground in world war.cwhy london underground was built.dmany people contributed to the building of london underground.二、阅读the first underground in the world，完成下列短文london underground has the 1 of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.train services to london were developed early；unfortunately，the number of 2 on the road choked off traffic.this problem 3 the development of the underground system.the first 4 were opened in 1863.better ways for digging tunnels 5 the pace of the london undergrounds development，more independent underground lines were made.however，travelling on these lines was not 6 as each line was owned by a different company and many were very far from each other.later，a wealthy american businessman 7 the system.during world war ，many underground stations 8 bomb shelters.after world war ，more people travelled on the underground，so more lines were 9，which helped make the system more 10.today，the london underground system is working to 11 millions of people effectively as it has done for many years.i suggest you taking a trip on the oldest underground system.1they pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route.(page 49)它们在沿途不同的站点上下客。1)pick up用汽车搭载某人或接某人ill pick you up at 7 oclock.七点钟我开车来接你。he picked up a hitchhiker.他中途让一个搭便车的人上了车。pick up还可表示很多意思，如：“好转，改善”；“重新开始，继续，站起来”；“举起，拿起，拾起”；“(电台、电视机等)接收到(信号等)”；“(偶然)得到，听到，学会”。2)drop off中途下客或卸货could you drop me (off) near the post office?你可以在邮局附近让我下车吗？you left your jacket，but i can drop it off on my way to work tomorrow.你忘了拿你的夹克衫，不过我可以在明天上班的路上顺便捎给你。drop across 偶然遇见drop away 离开，散去drop back 退后，后撤；恢复旧习惯drop behind 落伍，落在之后drop by(美)顺便访问一下drop in(on sb.)顺便走访(某人)drop out 退学，退出drop into 顺便进入(某处)，不知不觉形成(习惯)；不知不觉进入(某种状态)辨析：drop off/get off二者都表示“下车”，但drop off的宾语是人；而get off是从车上下来，其宾语多为the bus，the train等。单项填空1)ill have to_ my spoken english before i have an interview to be a interpreter.atake upbturn upcbring up dpick up2)under careful treatment，mary is _ and will soon recover.apicking up bmaking upctaking up dspeeding up3)by communicating with the native girl，the foreign tourist _ several sentences expressing surprise.apicked up blooked upcdressed up ddid up完成句子4)我将让你在书店附近下车。ill _ _ _ near the bookstore.5)他们在公交车站下了车。they _ _ _ _ at the bus stop.2however，most trains to london only went to the outer city limits，because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.(page 50，lines 46)然而，大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。1)句中building railway tracks into the city是动名词短语，在because引导的原因状语从句中作主语。该原因状语从句中使用了虚拟语气，相当于：if railway tracks had been built into the city，it would have damaged many old buildings.。going to a british high school one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。walking after a meal is a very good habit.饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。有时候可以用it作形式主语，而动名词短语作真正的主语。类似用语有：its no use/good/fun/worth动名词的结构。its no use crying over the split milk.(谚语)覆水难收。its no good going on diets.节食是毫无益处的。2)limit n. 极限；界限；限度vt. 限制；限定she knew the limits of her power.她知道自己的权限。that fence shows the limit of my garden.那篱笆就是我的花园的边界。the amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额会限制你的选择。all speeches were limited to 10 minutes.所有发言一律限定在十分钟内。limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限的be/go over/beyond the limit超过限度set a limit/limits on 对加以限制单项填空1)its no bad _ exercise in the morning，even for a short time；it may be good for us.adoingbhaving donecdone dafter being done完成句子2)他限制自己一天喝三杯啤酒。he limits himself _ _ three cups of beer a day.3)车速限制是多少？what is the _ _？4)必须把数目限制在五个。the number must be _ _ _.3horsedrawn buses，trams，cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.(page 50，lines 67)马拉的公交车、有轨电车、出租车和马车用来运送人们到城市中心或者城市周围。convey vt.运送，输送；表达we convey oil from middle east.我们从中东运输石油。words cant convey my feelings.言语无法表达我的心情。单项填空more often than not，it is difficult to _ the exact meaning of a tang poem in english.aconveybexchangectransfer dconsult4. .so the digging was postponed until 1860.(page 50，line 15)于是(地铁的)挖掘工作推迟到1860年。postpone vt.延迟，延期the conference was postponed to monday.会议被延迟至星期一。the commander decided to postpone the big push until the spring.司令官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。they postponed sending an answer to a request.他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复。(1)“推迟(耽搁)做某事”要用postpone doing sth.(2)同义短语：put offshe keeps putting off going to the dentist.她老是拖延着不去看牙医。完成句子1)我得把我们的约会延期。i have to _ our appointment.同义句转换(每空一词)2)just because of the rain，the sports meet was put off.just because of the rain，the sports meet was _.5passengers were transported in carriages without windows，which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.(page 50，lines 1718)旅客乘坐的都是没有窗户的车厢，这些车厢由蒸汽机驱动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。这是一个复合句，其中which代替先行词carriages，引导非限制性定语从句。he lives in beijing，which is the capital of china.他住在中国的首都北京。he gave me a book，which was very interesting.他给了我一本很有趣的书。which在定语从句中的用法小结：(1)代替一个名词或代词，引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语。(2)关系代词as和which都能引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代修饰整个句子，其区别如下：as引导的定语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，意为“正如，正像”，从句的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点”。as is known to all，he is an honest person.he is an honest person，as is known to all.众所周知，他是一个诚实的人。he was late for school again，which made the teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这件事使老师很生气。he turned out to be very successful，which was more than we could expect.出乎我们的意料，他成功了。用which和as完成句子1)_ we all know，galileos theory of falling objects is right.2)he failed once more in the match，_ was a great pity.3)_ is announced in todays newspapers，all schools will reopen on september 1.4)dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_，of course，made the others unhappy.5)his english，_ used to be poor，is now excellent.6because of the smoke from the steam engines，early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals，so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.(page 50，lines 2325)因为发动机的烟，早期的地铁线需要大量的通到地表的有规则间隔的小洞，以便人们能够呼吸到新鲜的空气而不至于窒息。choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞the road was choked off by a broken car.路被一辆坏了的车堵塞了。be aware that the infant will cough，sputter，and choke during feedings.注意幼儿在吃奶时会咳嗽、喷溅或呛噎。i wonder why he always tries to choke me off from going to see him.我不知道为什么他总是不让我去看他。choke off限制，阻止choke back 抑制choke sth.with sth.充满，塞满choke with(尤指感情激动)说不出话来完成句子1)女孩讲个没完，她的母亲不得不加以阻止。the girl talked endlessly and her mother had to _ _ _.2)他气得声音哽咽。his voice was _ _ range.7these new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the london undergrounds development.(page 50，lines 2728)这些新的隧道挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁发展的步伐。1)accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速；促进；加快the car accelerated as it overtook me.那辆车一加速就超过我了。they use special chemicals to accelerate the growth of crops.他们使用特殊的化学药物促进庄稼生长。2)pace n. 步伐；速度she walked at a slow pace.她慢步行走。she works so fast that i cant keep pace with her.她干得太快，我跟不上她。i was only a few paces behind the winner.我比获胜者只落后了几步。句子翻译1)inflation continues to accelerate._2)exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process._翻译下列词组3)跟上的步伐 _4)the pace of life _5)at ones own pace _8having seen the situation，a wealthy american businessman，charles yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the underground electric railways company of london.(page 51，lines 3336)看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。1)having seen the situation为现在分词作状语(1)当分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语为主动关系时，常用作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件或伴随情况。(2)分词的否定形式直接在分词前加not。(3)如果分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，分词往往用完成式。having lit a candle，she went out.点燃蜡烛后，她就出去了。having heard this，the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.听到这一点，那位女宇航员表示满意。not knowing her telephone number，i couldnt ring her up.由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法打电话给她。opening the door，he found nobody in.打开门后，他发现里面没人。we usually eat using chopsticks.我们通常用筷子吃饭。laughing and talking，they went into the room.他们又说又笑地走进了房间。2)undertake vt.& vi. 承担，从事；承诺，答应they began to undertake a big enterprise.他们已着手开创一番大事业。university professors both teach and undertake research.大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。she undertook the responsibilities for the reform.她承担了这次改革的责任。she undertook to pay back the money within six months.她答应在6个月内还清款项。undertake a task/project/research/an investigation 承担任务/项目；从事研究；进行调查undertake sth.承担某事；着手某事undertake to do/that 担保做某事用现在分词短语改写下列句子1)because he didnt know how to do it，he turned to her for help._2)li ming sat at th