状语从句高考考点解析.doc

状 语 从 句 高 考 考 点 解 析翁秀成一、 高考状语从句考查重点1从属连词的选择；2 同类状语从句中连词的辨析。二、 从属连词的选用1 根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；2 根据从属连词的词义。三、 分类：状语从句按其作用可分为九类。1时间状语从句 常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如：Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.注意：（1）when, while, as的区别：1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）2)while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rangThey were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldnt .注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：was/were doingwhen（正在做突然）was/were about to dowhen（刚要做突然）was/were on the point of doingwhen(刚要做突然)had just donewhen.(刚一就)Hardly/Scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就)(2)before引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就)2.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就)3.We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才)4.Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就)(3)till (until) 和nottill (until)1） till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到为止“如：He remained there till/until she arrived.2） nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到才”如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.3） notuntil还有强调式和倒装式： 强调句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.倒装句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed.(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：1） It was +时间点+when（当的时候时间是）It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.2） It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才)It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.3） It is /has been +时间段+since（自从以来有）It is/has been 3 years since we last met.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了)2条件状语从句常见的从属连词有：if, unless, as/so long as , as/so far as, on condition that , in case(万一) , the more, the more等。如：As/So far as I can see ( am concerned), it will be impossible for them to finish the task.The more books you read, the happier you will feel(前面为从句)3原因状语从句常见的从属连词有：because, since, now that , as等。注意because, since, as的区别：）why的语气最强，它引导的从句比主句更重要，从句的位置可前可后；例外回答why的问句必须使用because。如：-Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday?-Because I was ill.2)since和now that意思是“既然”，语气仅次于because,从句的位置一般在前。如：Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting3)as的语气比since更弱，意思是“由于”， 从句的位置可前可后。如：As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much）*for也有“因为”之意，但for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据，前面常带逗号。如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet4让步状语从句常见的从属连词有：though, although, as, even if / though, no matter wh-， wh-ever, whetheror等。如：However late/No matter how late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.Child as he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装)Whether it is fine or not, I will go boating5地点状语从句常见的从属连词有：*where, wherever等。如：Put the book where it is6比较状语从句常见的从属连词有：*asas, *not so (as)as, *than等。注意：(1)在表达倍数时，可用三种句型：1)A倍数比较级than B 如：This building is twice taller than that one2)A倍数as原级asB 如：This building is three times as tall as that one3)A倍数the size(height, weight, length etc) of B 如：This building is three times the size of that one(2) 三种句型变式：） 倍数more名词than） *倍数as many/much 名词asAmericans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.7方式状语从句常见的从属连词有：as , as if / though 等注意：as if / though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况He talks about the moon as if he had been there(从句动作先发生)She treated the boy as if he were/was her own child(主从句动作同时发生)8目的状语从句常见的从属连词有：so that, that, in order that，in case (以免), for fear that等。如：Most students go to college (so) that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists注意：从句中的情态动词can, could, may, might等提示为目的状语从句9结果状语从句常见的从属连词有：sothat, suchthat , so that等。如：He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam.三、用法灵活的as, when, while 引导的状语从句1. as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句。2. when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句。 How can we explain it to you when(=if) you wont listen. It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes3. while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。 While(=Though) I like the color of the hat, I dont like its shape. While(=As long as) there is life there is hope.-Im going to the post office. While(=Since) you are there, can you get me some stamps?四、状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。例如：Dont speak until spoken to.( 省略了you are)I have no money. If any, I will lend you some. ( 省略了there is)Though cold, he still wore a shirt. ( 省略了it was)Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. ( 省略了they were)五、状语从句与定语从句的转换1)Make marks where you have questions(地点状语从句)Make marks at the places where you have questions(定语从句)2)It is such an advanced theory that few people understand it.(结果状语从句)It is such an advanced theory as few people understand(定语从句)典型高考英语陷阱题详解-状语从句1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you cant go out _ your work is being done.”A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查 notuntil结构。【分析】最佳答案选 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。2. “Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As子 B. WhileC. BecauseD. If【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】最佳答案选 B。尽管 as 和 while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的 as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果 as 不是表示“当的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)请做以下两题，答案均选 while，不选as：(1) _ you are at home alone, please dont leave the door open. A. WhileB. AsC. BeforeD. How(2) _ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her. A. WhileB. AsC. AfterD. How3. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. whenC. which D. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 where)：(1) The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. whenB. wheneverC. whereD. wherever(2) She found her calculator _ she lost it. A. whereB. while C. in whichD. that(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. whenB. whereC. thenD. which(4) When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at whichB. at whereC. the place whereD. where(5) You should let your children play _ you can see them.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that(6) Now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _ stood the famous tower.A. that B. at whichC. whenD. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。4. They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 在此的意思不是“当的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. which D. when5. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whenD. while 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的 when 可以连用副词 suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用 suddenly 来代替 when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：(1) I was about to go out _ the telephone rang. A. whenB. suddenly C. as soon asD. directly(2) We were swimming in the lake _ the storm started. A. whenB. suddenlyC. untilD. before(3) She was walking down the road _ she heard someone shouting for help.A. whenB. suddenlyC. untilD. before6. The fire went on for quite some time _ it was brought under control.A. whenB. since C. afterD. before 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。before 意为“在之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选 before：(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A. until B. whenC. beforeD. as(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. sinceC. untilD. before(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _ she is completely well.A. that B. sinceC. whenD. before(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _ they spoke. A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when 7. Mother asked me to take more money _ something unexpected should happen.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”