译林版高中英语选修8学案：例句精讲 Unit2　.doc

例句精讲1. the story then takes on classic love triangle featuring calaf, turandot, and liu, whose love for calaf is unconditional.故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿三人之间的经典三角恋情，其中，柳儿对卡拉夫的爱是无条件的。【巧解句构】句中whose love for calaf is unconditional 是由whose引导的非限制性定语从句。短语taken on 表示“呈现;体现”。【拓展延伸】1)whose 引导的宾语从句，whose通常指人，也可以指事物，在从句中作宾语。2）who的所有格，如：the old man whose son is in the army is my uncle.那个儿子在部队的老人是我叔叔。the team is headed by a 44-year-old mongolian, whose wife was a tibetan.队长是个44岁的蒙古人，他的妻子是个西藏人。3）which的所有格（of which）,如：he borrowed a book whose author(the author of which)was a peasant.他借了一本书，书的作者是个农民。there is a mysterious lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth(=the depth of which)has never been measured.山脚下有个神秘的湖，其深度从未测量过。4）take on 短语的义项become popular 受欢迎；流行we introduced a new sports car last year, but it never took on.去年我们引进一种新型跑车，但不受欢迎。the new song sounds beautiful and soon took on.这首新歌听起来很美，因此很快就流行开来。put on (a quality, appearance)呈现；表现the lake has taken on a new look after being protected.活泊受到保护后呈现出新的面貌。常见的taken 短语有：take out 拿出;带出去take place 发生;产生;进行;举行take up 拿起;着手处理;开始;继续take sth. apart 拆开take back 收回;带回take for认为;以为;误认为take it easy不紧张take over接管;接收;接任;接替take to喜欢;养成;开始;从事于take a walk失踪take away拿走;夺去;使离去take down拆卸;拆毁;记下;拿下;咽下take in接受;收容;吸收;欺骗take off脱掉;去掉;拿走;取消2. i applied for the job, and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.我申请了这份工作，他们给我发了邀请，让我在合唱团里试演一个角色。【巧解句构】这是一个由and连接的并列结构，句中短语apply for意思是“申请”，try out表示“试用，测试”。【拓展延伸】1）apply 的常见短语apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某事或请求某人apply sth. to sth.把运用到（贴到、涂到）apply to sb. /sth.与某人/某物有关apply oneself to sth./doing sth.集中精力做某事apply ones mind to.专心于如：he applied to them for assistance.他向他们请求帮助。what i have said applies only to some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。the nurse applied a bandage to the wound.护士将伤口包上绷带。the results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发。for further information, please apply to the secretary of the company.欲了解详情，请与本公司的秘书联系。youll only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.你只有真正专心致志用功，考试才能及格。2)短语try out意思是“试用，测试”。如：he could hardly wait to try out his new car.他迫不及待地想试开他的新车。与try有关的词语：try your hand(at sth.)初试身手try it on (with sb.)对粗野无礼；耍弄；向行骗try your luck(at sth.)碰运气try sth. on试穿（衣物）try out for sth.参加选拔（或试演）3. the empeor finds the deaths of so many men disturbing, and although he would like to, he cannot break his promise.国王为这么多男人为此而死亡感到烦恼，但他又不能违背自己的诺言，尽管他想这样做。【巧解句构】整个句子是由and 连接的并列结构。句中find.disturbing表示“觉得很恼人（烦恼）”，although he would like to 采用了省略形式，break ones promise 表示“违背诺言，失信”。【要点剖析】动词不定式符号to后面的动词或动词短语在句中重复出现时，往往可以省略，使语言表达更为精炼。详见“语法解读”。误区警示 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be, have和have been。如：1）are you a sailor?你是一名水手吗？no, but i used to be.不，但我过去是。2）he hasnt finished yet.他还没完成呢。well, he ought to have.哦，他早就应该完成。4. the beatles brought western pop music to audience around the world as they went out on tours and played concerts in many different countries.随着甲壳虫乐队在许多国家进行巡回演唱会，他们把西方流行音乐带给了全世界的观众。【巧解句构】句中as they went out on tours.是一个以as引导的时间状语从句，表示“随着，当的时候”。【拓展延伸】as的用法归纳如下：1）用作连词可引导比较、让步、时间、原因等状语从句。如：as he looked at her, she made a face.他看她时，她作了个鬼脸。（时间状语）as he didnt know much english, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word.由于他不懂多少英语，因此他拿出来词典查了这个单词。（原因状语）he doesnt speak as the other people do.他不像其他人那样讲话。（方式状语）he is not so diligent as you.他不如你勤奋。（比较状语）young as he is, he knows a lot.尽管很年轻，但他懂得很多。（让步状语）2）作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词前常用such, the same与之呼应，构成such.as.,the same.as.。如：well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science.我们将制造出各科学部门所需要的那种计算机。i am reading the same book as you.我们读的是同一本书。3）作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，as指前边或后边的整个句子。如：as you can see in the map, the two cities are far away from each other.如你在地图上所见，两座城市相距甚远。as everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold.大家都知道，闪光的东西不都是金子。4）prep.作为；当的时候you will be welcomed as a hero tomorrow morning.明天早晨你将作为英雄而受到欢迎。as a young boy, he lost his parents in the war.当还是个小孩时，他就在战争中失去了双亲。【辨析比较】1)as和whichas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语常为系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词多用which。as可引导非限制性从句，常有“正如”之意。如：as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.as is known(to us),smoking is harmful to ones health.as 是关系代词。例中的as作know的宾语；例中as充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。2)when, as和whichwhen从句表示某时刻或一段时间，如：i was