译林版高中英语选修8学案：生词巧解 Unit1.doc

庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:class(可表示按质量划分的等级)+-ic(形容词后缀)义析:writer, artist or work of art recognized as being of high quality and lasting value【典句】this is a popular classic novel written by bronte.这是由bronte写的一部脍炙人口的经典小说。【拓展】classical adj.古典的；传统的classicism n. 古典主义classicist n.古典主义者；古典学者【辨析】classic和classical指“古典文学”等意思时可以通用。但“古典音乐”的英文表达是classical music,此时不能用classic。【词析】音析:字母i读 i。形析:形近词literate(有文化的，博学的)义析:of or concerned with literature【典句】 his style is a bit too literary for my taste.依我看他的文笔书卷气重了一点。【拓展】literacy n. 读写能力literate adj. 有文化的，博学的literati n.文人；知识界literature n. 文学；文学作品【词析】音析:字句组合ei读。形析:receive+-d(形容词后缀)义析:widely accepted as correct popular【典句】he is a well-received artist.他是一个很受欢迎的艺术家。【拓展】the received view普遍的看法；公认的观点the received text (version)标性本(译本)received standard english标准英语well-received受欢迎的；被认可的【词析】音析:字母i读，字母o读。形析:词根wise (adj. 有判断力的，聪明的)-dom；名词后缀“表的状况，地位”等。义析:good judgement; advisability; common sense【典句】i questioned the wisdom of giving the child so much money.我怀疑给孩子这么多钱是否明智。【拓展】-dom后缀常与动词或形容词结合成名词，表示“的状况或地位，的职位，级别群体或领域”。如：boredom厌倦，厌烦(状况)freedom自由(状况)kingdom王国(领域)officialdom官员(总称)(群体)【词析】音析:tion组合读。形析:adapt (v.)+-ation(名词后缀)义析:thing made by adapting sth. else esp.a text for production on the stage, radio, etc.【典句】this is an adaptation for children of the play king lear by shakespeare.这是为儿童改编的莎士比亚作品李尔王的剧本。【拓展】adapt oneself to sth.适应(新环境等)【词析】音析:字母组合ar读。义析:damage; injury【典句】a few cafe nights never did anyone any harm.熬几个晚上对任何人绝无害处。【拓展】do sb. harm或do harm to sb.损害某人harm set, harm get.(谚)害人反害己。come to harm受到损害more harm than good弊大于利harmful adj. 有害的；可致损伤的harmless adj. 无害的；不会引起损伤的【词析】音析:字母组合er读。形析:un-(否定前缀)+certain(确定的)+-ty(名词后缀)义析:state of being uncertain【典句】the uncertainty is unbearable!事情定不下来真令人难以忍受！【拓展】uncertain adj.不确切；无把握的uncertainly adj.犹豫地；迟疑地【词析】音析:字母组合sion读。形析:tense adj. (紧张的；拉紧的)义析:mental, emotional or nervous strain; tenseness【典句】tension is a major cause of heart disease.精神紧张是引起心脏病的主要原因。【拓展】massage helps relieve the tension in ones muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。racial tensions种族间的紧张关系surface tension 表面张力vapour tension气压high tension wire(电)高压线【词析】音析:字母组合ou读义析:giving or ready to give freely【典句】it is generous of you to share your food with me.你把食物与我分享，真是慷慨大方。【拓展】generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽容be generous with ones money用钱大方be generous in giving help 乐于助人【词析】音析:字母i读。形析:remind(提醒)+-er(名词后缀)义析:thing which reminds sb.of a fact or person【典句】the statue is a lasting reminder of churchills greatness.这尊塑像使人永远缅怀丘吉尔的伟大功绩。【拓展】remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人干某事remind sb.of sth./sb.使某人回想或意识到某物/人this song reminds me of my hometown.这首歌使我想起了故乡。【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:short(短的)+coming义析:failure to be of a required standard; fault【典句】i am a person with many shortcomings.我是一个有许多缺点的人。【拓展】short-lived短命的，短暂的short order(点叫)快餐short-sighted近视的；目光短浅的short-term短期的short wave短波be prejudiced against 对有偏见的【词析】义析:dislike of sb./sth. that is not founded on experience or reason【典句】he is prejudiced against rock and roll.他对摇滚乐怀有偏见。【拓展】racial prejudice 种族偏见【词析】音析:第一个i读。义析:polite and helpful; of relating to the citizens of a country【典句】keep a civil tongue in your head!说话要文明有礼！【拓展】civil law民法civil liberty公民自由civil rights公民权civil war内战civilian n. 平民;百姓civilization n. 开化;教化;文明civilized adj.有礼貌的;文雅的be bent on 一心想要;决心要【词析】义析:be determined on; have ones mind firmly set on (doing) sth.【典句】he is bent on becoming an actor.他一心想当演员。【拓展】follow ones bent凭爱好办事to the top of ones bent尽情地bend (sb.) to sth.(迫使某人)屈服，服从bend ones mind to sth.专心于某事物bendy 弯弯曲曲的；迂回曲折的【词析】音析:字母组合ea读。形析:wealth(财富)health(健康)义析:possession of a large amount of money, property. etc.【典句】their wealth had not brought them happiness.他们的财富并没给他们带来幸福。【拓展】wealthy adj.富裕的；丰富的wealthily adv.富裕地；丰富地【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:fan 迷(对的热情崇拜者)+-cy联想记忆法。义析:brightly coloured; made to please the eye or taste【典句】he has bought a fancy car.他买了一辆高档小轿车。【拓展】a fancy idea奇异的/华而不实的想法a fancy cake(大型)花式蛋糕a fancy tie精致的领带to ones fancy合(某人的)心意take a fancy to爱上；爱好fancy oneself (as)自以为是；自命不凡fancy for sth.渴望；喜爱【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:词根为educate v. 教育；训练义析:having been educated【典句】he was educated at a technical school in 1994.他1994年在一所技术学校接受教育。【拓展】educator n. 教育工作者education n. 教育；教育学educational adj.教育的;有教育意义的educative adj.有教育意义的；起教育作用的make the acquaintance of和相识，结识【词析】义析:get to know sb.; meet sb. personally【典句】i made the acquaintance of him at a party.我是在一个聚会上认识他的。【拓展】make the acquaintance of sb.也可表达为make sb.s acquaintance和某人相识，结识。have a nodding acquaintance with sb. /sth.与某人有点头之交；对某事略知一二【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:ab-(否定前缀)+normal(正常的)义析:different from what is normal, ordinary or expected【典句】i have been physically abnormal recently.我近期身体状况异常。【拓展】abnormality n. 反常；变态；不规则【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:可据发音记忆词形，词尾-er常表示“的人”。义析:man who has others working for him or under him; employer【典句】the slaves feared their master.奴隶惧怕奴隶主。【拓展】master硕士master in ones own house自己做主；自己说了算(be)ones own master/mistress独立自主【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:ab-(否定前缀)+use(使用)，“错误的使用”即滥用。义析:wrong or bad use or treatment of sb. or sth.; insulting words【典句】some governors abuse their power and position.有些政府官员滥用职权。【拓展】an abuse of trust辜负别人的信任abuse ones authority滥用权力personal abuse人身攻击abusive adj. 辱骂性的；骂人的；滥用的【词析】音析:字母i都读。形析:词根crime n. 罪；罪行；犯罪活动义析:person who commits a crime or crimes【典句】he became a criminal.他已沦为罪犯。【拓展】criminal也可作形容词，意为“犯罪的；可耻的；不道德的”。如：its criminal to waste public money.浪费公款是可耻的行为。【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:re-(前缀表“重新”)+form(形成)，“重新形成”即“改造，改革”之意。义析:become or make better【典句】hes given up drink and is now a reformed character.他戒了酒，现已判若两人。【拓展】reformer n.改革者；改进者reformation n.改善；改良；改造reformatory n.(失足少年的)管教所；教养所【词析】音析:字母e读。形析:词根press (v. 压，挤，按)+ure义析:use force, influence or strong persuation to make sb. do sth.【典句】he felt that he was being pressured to resign.他感到有压力逼他辞职。【拓展】pressure用作动词等于pressurize;还常用作名词表“压力，强大的影响”。put pressure on sb.(to do sth.)迫使某人做某事under the pressure of在的压力下high blood pressure高血压work at high pressure紧张地工作bring pressure to bear on/upon对施加压力【词析】音析:字母e读。形析:可根据两个音节记忆词形。义析:use force in order to prevent sth. happening or being successful; oppose【典句】he was charged with resisting arrest.他被控拒捕。【拓展】resist damp/frost防潮;防霜冻resist temptation经得起诱惑resist表“经得住”时后接动名词作宾语。如：jim couldnt resist others making jokes about his baldness.吉姆受不了别人拿他的秃顶开玩笑。resister n. 抵抗者；对抗者resistance n. 抵抗；对抗；抵抗力；阻力【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:mis-(否定前缀)+fortune(机会;命运;巨款)义析:bad luck, accident or event【典句】they had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm.他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。【拓展】mis- 前缀常与动词和名词结合表“坏;错;不;没”。如：misfire误发;走火misread读错;看错mismatch配合不当misplace放错地方mistrust不信任misunderstand误会;误解misuse误用;滥用mislead引错方向;误导home-made adj. 自制的；家里做的；国产的【词析】义析:made by oneself (at home or domestic)【典句】these moon-cakes are home-made.这些月饼是自制的。【拓展】形容词/名词+过去分词构成复合形容词ready-made现成的man-made人造的new-born新生的warm-hearted热心肠的water-covered被水覆盖的newly-built新建的【词析】音析:字母i读。形析:词根swift (adj.快的，敏捷的)+-ly(副词后缀)义析:quickly or rapidly; promptly【典句】he answered the question swiftly.他迅速回答了那个问题。【拓展】swift-flowing river湍急的河流a swift reply/reaction迅速的回答；反应brand new崭新的；全新的【词析】义析:completely new【典句】i bought a brand new bike yesterday.我昨天买了一辆崭新的自行车。【拓展】brand n.商标的牌子；商标【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:分两个音节记忆词形义析:special or very great ability【典句】van gogh was a painter of great talent.凡高是一位天才画家。【拓展】have a talent for.有(方面的)天赋talented adj.有才能的；天才的talentless adj.无才能的；平庸的have a gift for有的天赋at the sight of看到；一看到【词析】义析:as soon as sb. /sth. is seen【典句】at the sight of her mother, the baby burst into tears.一看到妈妈，那婴儿大哭起来。【拓展】catch sight of看到；看见keep sight of sb. /sth.看住/监视某人/某物out of sight, out of mind.(谚)眼不见，心不念。sightseeing n. 观光；游览at the thought of 一想到【词析】音析:字母e读。形析:词根gent（le） （adj.）+-ly(副词后缀)义析:in a gentle manner【典句】the beach slopes gently to the sea.沙滩缓缓伸展入海。【拓展】be gentle with my best china.对我最心爱的瓷器要轻拿轻放！a gentle breeze和风gentle rainfall细雨gentleman n. 绅士;先生【词析】音析:字母组合ee读。形析:词根greed （n.贪心，贪婪）+-y形容词后缀义析:filled with greed or desire【典句】the boy looked at the cakes with greedy eyes.那孩子眼巴巴地看着蛋糕。【拓展】greedy for power贪图权力greedy for knowledge渴求知识be greedy to do sth.急切要做某事【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:mis-(否定前缀表“坏;错;不;无”)义析:wrong in opinion or wrongly judged【典句】you are mistaken about him. he is not lying.你误会他了，他没有撒谎。【拓展】a mistaken idea错误的想法mistake a for b把a误为b如：mistake sympathy for love误将同情当爱情【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:根据开音节发音规律记忆词形义析:comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth. blocking direct light or heat【典句】the trees give some welcome shade from the sun.这些树遮住了阳光，很舒适凉快。【拓展】trees shade the streets.街道旁绿树成荫。in the shade 1)在荫凉处2)逊色；默默无闻【辨析】shade和shadow两者均指“影”，shadow指挡住光线所造成的有轮廓的影子，shade指没照到阳光等的阴暗处，即“荫”。【词析】音析:字母组合er读。形析:词根entertain v.款待；使快乐。-ing为形容词后缀。义析:amusing and pleasing【典句】“a christmas carol” is a very entertaining film.圣诞颂歌是一部很有趣的电影。【拓展】a most entertaining guest很风趣的客人place of entertainment娱乐场所the entertainment of foreign visitors 宴请外宾【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:supra- 前缀表“在之上;超”。义析:highest in authority, rank or degree; most important【典句】winning an olympic gold medal was, i suppose, the supreme moment of my life.我认为荣获奥运会金牌时是我一生中最重要的时刻。【拓展】改错：he is the most supreme ruler of the country.()把most去掉，supreme表最高的;至高无上的，不能和most等最高级形式连用。【词析】音析:字母y读。形析:根词type (n. 类型，种类)+-cal(形容词后缀)义析:having the distinctive qualities of a particular type of person or thing【典句】its typical of him to take hard jobs.抢挑重担是他的特点。【拓展】typical=typictypicality n. 典型性；特征typify vt.作为的典型，代表typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:词根repute （n.名气，名声）+-ation构词后缀义析:what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc. of sb. /sth.【典句】he has a reputation for laziness.他以懒惰出名。【拓展】build up/make a reputation (for oneself)树立声誉；博得名声live up to ones reputation不负盛名【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:trans-(前缀表“横穿；通过；超越”)+form(形状；外形；外貌)义析:completely change the appearance or character of sth. /sb.【典句】a fresh coat of paint can transform a room.房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。【拓展】transformation n.改变；改观；转变transformer n.变压器transfusion n.输血translation n.翻译；认为；解释【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:short(短的)+-en(动词后缀)义析:cause sth. to be come short【典句】the days are beginning to shorten in autumn.秋季白天开始变短。【拓展】1)be/go