译林版高中英语选修8学案：语法详解 Unit4.doc

四、语法详解强调结构在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。（1）语音手段在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。例如：he speaks english well.这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调。（2）词汇手段人们常用一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。如：at that very moment the policemen came.就在那时警察到了。grace is tall,but catherine is still taller.格雷斯个子很高，但是凯瑟琳个子更高。the president himself will chare the meeting.总统将亲自主持这个会议。（3）语法手段用it is/wasthat/who句型表示强调。被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、宾语、状语或宾语补足语）放在is/was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who,whom代替。he met an old friend in the park yesterday.他昨天在公园碰见一个老朋友。上述句子可以通过强调句型对除谓语以外的不同成分进行强调。如：it was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.（强调主语）it was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)it was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（强调地点状语）it was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.（强调时间状语）用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词。如：do come early.一定早点来。he did send you a letter last week.他上周确实给你寄过一封信。强调结构需要注意的几个问题：it is/wasthat强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把“it is(was)that”去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。区分下列两句：it was 7 oclock when he came back.他回来时7点钟了。（it指时间）it was at 7 oclock that he came back.他是7点钟回来的。（强调句，强调at 7 oclock)it is/wasthat强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、as或why引导。例如：it was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。（不用because或since）注意“notuntil”强调句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：she didnt remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.她没有想起与医生的约会，直到回家以后。it was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.就是直到他回家之后，她才想起与医生的约会。not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.直到她回家，她才想起与医生的约会。it is/wasthat强调句型中，that作宾语时可以省略，例如：it was a new dictionary(that)father bought for me.父亲给我买的是一本新字典。was it her(that)you were talking about?你刚才是和她在谈话吗？如果强调的是特殊疑问句，要用“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+”结构，表示“究竟是谁，到底在哪里”等等。例如：who was it that you want to see?你究竟想见谁？where was it that you saw the teacher?你到底在哪里看见老师的？why is it that you want to change your mind?你究竟为什么要改变主意？活学巧用1.按要求改写句子（1）bill made a kite at school yesterday.(强调主语)_答案：it was bill who made a kite at school yesterday.（2）john sells potatoes.(强调宾语)_答案：it is potatoes that john sells.(3)i painted the door white.(强调宾语补足语)_答案：it was white that i painted the door.(4)the mother loves her baby dearly.(强调谓语）_答案：the mother does love her baby dearly.(5)mr.smith gave a new pen to me.(强调me）_答案：it was me that mr.smith gave a new pen to.2.单项填空（1）（经典回放）it is these poisonous products_ can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.a.whob.thatc.howd.what提示：本句是强调结构，强调these poisonous products。答案：b（2）i feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child.a.is to blameb.is going to blamec.is to be blamedd.should blame提示：本句是强调结构，blame这个词往往用主动形式表示被动意义。答案：a3.（经典回放）it was for this reason_ her uncle moved out of new york and settled down in a small village.a.whichb.whyc.thatd.how提示：强调“for this reason”。答案：c4.where was it_ the road accident happened yesterday?in front of the market. a.whenb.thatc.whichd.how提示：本句是强调结构的特殊疑问句形式。答案：b5.it was not until she had arrived home_ her appointment with the doctor.a.did she rememberb.that she rememberedc.when she rememberedd.had she remembered提示：本句强调not until结构。答案：b6.it was not until 1956_liberated.a.that the town wasb.did the townc.was the townd.that was the town提示：本题考查强调结构，强调“not until 1956”。答案：a7.she said she would go and she_ go.a.didntb.didc.reallyd.would提示：强调谓语动词。答案：b8.it was the training_ he had as a young man_ made him such a good engineer.a.what;thatb.that;whatc.that;whichd.which;that提示：本句首先是强调结构,被强调部分the training后跟