译林版高中英语选修8学案：生词巧解 Unit4　.doc

庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解【词析】音析:字母组合ee读。形析:week （n.周，星期）+-ly（每隔发生）形容词后缀义析:(occurring, payable, published, ect.) once a week or every week【典句】they are used to a weekly shopping trip.他们习惯了每周一次的购物之行。【拓展】monthly adj.每月一次的月刊daily adj.每日的；日常的yearly adj.每年的；一年一次的a monthly meeting每月一次的例会a yearly conference一年一度的会议【词析】音析:字母a读，重音在第三个音节。形析:词根represent （v.代表，象征）+-ative后缀表“有关系的/倾向的/性质的”。义析:person chosen or appointed to represent another or others; delegate【典句】they sent a representative to the negotiations.他们派了一个代表去参加谈判。【拓展】representation n.代表；代理；表现；表示represent其他义项还有：（在绘画、雕塑或戏剧中）表现某人/某事；描绘；塑造the picture represents a hunting scene.这是一幅行猎图。陈述某事物（作为抗议或申诉）represent sth. to sb.向某人陈述某事he represented the story to his father.他告诉了父亲那个故事。将某人/某事（常指歪曲地）描述为有某种特点或性质he represented himself as an expert.他把自己说成是专家。【词析】音析:第一个o读，第二个o读。形析:spokes=man/woman合成构词法义析:persons who speaks, or is chosen to speak, on behalf of a group【典句】she is the spokeswoman of this new brand.她是这种新品牌的代言人。【拓展】spokeswomen pl.spokesman n.发言人；代言人spokesmen pl.【词析】音析:字母组合iew读。形析:单音节词可根据发音记忆词形义析:n. personal opinion or attitude; thought or observation (on a subject)v. consider sth. in the mind; regard sth.(as sth.)【典句】what are your views on her resignation?你对她辞职有什么看法？【拓展】in ones view按照某人的观点in view在看得见的地方被考虑；被记住in view of鉴于；考虑到；由于at first view初看；一见（就）a point of view观点；着眼点【辨析】view, scenery和scene作为“风景”的区别view从某处看到的东西；（尤指）自然美景，风景a fine view of the west lake 西湖的优美景色scenery从美丽角度出发，乡村的整个外貌（总称）natural scenery自然风景scene大多包括了其中的人及其活动，布景a play with few scene changes 没换几次布景的一场戏【词析】音析:字母i读重音在第一个或第二个音节上。形析:分两个音节记忆词形义析:provide money for (a project, etc.);fund; management of (esp. public) money【典句】the plan is partly financed by a government grant.此计划有一部分是政府资助的。【拓展】the minister of finance财政部长financial adj.财务的；金融的；财政的financier n.财政家；金融家【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:inter-在之间；在之内，由此及彼-rupt义析:break the continuity of (sth.) temporarily【典句】dont interrupt (me) while im busy!不要在我忙的时候打搅我!【拓展】interrupt sb. /sth.打断；打岔/打扰be interrupted by被打断interruption n. 中断；中止；阻碍interrupted adj.中断的；被打断的【词析】音析:第一个e读，重音在第二个音节。形析:de-fence（篱笆）“设篱笆墙以防卫”义析:defending from attack; fighting against attack【典句】the soldiers devoted their lives to the defence of motherland.士兵们为保卫祖国而献身。【拓展】defenceless adj. 没有防卫的；不能保护自己的defend v.保护免受伤害；防卫defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人/某物免受伤害defend oneself自卫air defence防空regardless of不管【词析】义析:pay no attention to sb./sth.【典句】he continued speaking regardless of my feeling on the matter.他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。【拓展】regard.as.把看作；把认为as regards关于；至于regarding prep.关于【词析】音析:ing读。义析:recognize the difference between people or things【典句】the twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对双胞胎长得很像，没人能分辨出谁是谁。【拓展】distinguished adj.以著名的；卓越的；杰出的，高贵的distinguish (between) a and bdistinguish a from b 区别/区分a和bdistinguish oneself（因善于做某事）受人瞩目；出名as long as 只要【词析】义析:on condition that; provided that【典句】as long as it doesnt rain, we can play.只要不下雨，我们就能玩。【拓展】as long as也可作so long as同义词组：on condition thatprovided thatproviding that常见as 词组：as for.至于；关于as if/though好像；仿佛as it is照现状看；看样子as to至于；关于；提到as regards至于；关于；提到【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:单音节词可根据发音规律记忆词形义析:(of a young bird or fish, etc.) emerge from an egg; think out and produce (a plot, plan，etc.)【典句】count ones chickens before they are hatched.谚蛋尚未孵卵先数鸡/过早乐观。【拓展】hatch sth.(out/up)策划（阴谋）；拟订（计划）【词析】音析:字母组合ore读。形析:fore-（前缀表“前，前部的”)+-see（看见）义析:see or know that sth. is going to happen in the future, predict【典句】he foresaw that the job would take a long time.他预见到做这件工作要花很长时间。【拓展】foreseeforesawforeseen【词析】音析:字母a读，重音在第二个音节。形析:可分sa-和-lute两个音节记忆词形 义析:action performed to show honour, respect or welcome to sb.【典句】the guard saluted (the general) smartly.卫兵非常精神地（向将军）行礼。【拓展】give/make a salute行礼salute with eyes行注目礼【词析】音析:两个i都读。形析:该词由high和light两部分合成，high 高，突出，light亮，精彩，取两者之意而合成。义析:the best, most interesting or most exciting part of sth.【典句】the highlights of the match will be shown later this evening.比赛最精彩的片段将于今晚播出。【拓展】highlight v. 突出；强调the report highlights the major problems facing society today.报告特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。highlighter n.（颜色鲜亮的）标记笔；荧光笔；（勾画脸、眼的）彩妆【词析】音析:字母组合ar读。形析:可据re和ward两个音节记忆词形义析:a thing that yon are given because you have done sth. good, worked hard, etc.【典句】you deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。【拓展】rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的in reward for.作为对的报答give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬（或赏金）a rewarding book值得一读的书rewardless adj.无报酬的；徒劳的【词析】音析:字母组合tion读。形析:根词restrict v.限制，限定,-ion（构成名词的后缀）义析:a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen.【典句】the government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。【拓展】restrict v.限制；限定restricted adj.有限的；受限制的restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的a restricted message密电place/impose restrictions on 对实行限制a restrictive clause限制性从句【词析】音析:字母s读z，重读第二个音节。形析:可根据音节记忆词形义析:too look like or be similar to another person or thing【典句】after the earthquake, the city resembled a battle field.地震之后，这座城市就像战场一样。【拓展】resemble用作及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态，主要搭配为：resemble sb. /sth.(in sth.)与（他人或他物）在某方面相似名词形式为resemblance。改错：toms nature resembles johns.汤姆和约翰性格相似。改为：tom resembles john in nature.或tom and john resemble each other in nature.【词析】音析:字母j读，重读第二个音节。形析:reject和refuse都以re开头，词义相近，可串联记忆。义析:to refuse to accept or consider sth.【典句】ive been rejected by all the universities i applied to.所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。【拓展】rejection n.拒绝；抵制；抛弃；驳回；否决reject an appeal驳回上诉reject a bill否决议案【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:也可拼写为favor (am. e)义析:to treat sb. better than you treat other people, especially in an unfair way【典句】this treaty seems to favour the us.这个条约似乎偏向美国。【拓展】show favour towards.偏袒/偏爱do sb. a favour（或do a favour for sb.）给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙in favour of 赞同支持；有利于in sb.s favour 得到某人欢心；受某人欢迎；对某人有利ask a favour请求帮忙in the minority占少数【词析】义析:to form much less than half of a large group【典句】men are in the minority in this profession.在这一行业中，男性占少数。【拓展】be in a minority of one是惟一持不同意见者；得不到任何人的支持反义词：(be) in the majority占多数majority和minority用作句子主语时前一般要加the，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。【词析】音析:字母组合ew读。形析:根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形义析:all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.or people with special technical skills working together【典句】none of the passengers and crew was injured.没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。【拓展】a film crew电影摄制组an ambulance crew救护车急救组a flying/ground crew空（地）勤人员【辨析】注意crew是集合名词，用作主语时谓语动词要用复数；crewman表“船员；乘务员”，复数形式为crewmen。【词析】音析:字母组合ssion读。形析:admit v.+-ssion（名词后缀）义析:the act of accepting sb. into an institution, organization etc.; a statement in which sb. admits that sth. is true, wrong or bad that they have done【典句】last admissions to the park are at 5 pm.公园最晚的入园时间在下午5点。【拓展】an admission of guilt/failure/defeat 承认有罪/失败/被击败by ones own admission自己供认/承认an admission ticket入场券admission free免费入场【词析】音析:字母a读，字母o读。形析:词根appoint v.安排确定，-ment（名词后缀）派生词。义析:a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb. at a particular time especially for a reason connected with their work【典句】she made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。【拓展】keep (break) ones appointment守（违）约appointment还可表示“任命；委任”，如：his appointment as principal 让他担任校长的任命take up an appointment就职make (fix)an appointment with sb.与某人约定【辨析】appointment和dateappointment多指工作或业务上的约会，约定（时间）；date多指一般性的约会，尤其指与异性约会。【词析】音析:字母组合or读。形析:form （n.形式，外表）+-al（形容词后缀属派生词)义析:official; following an agreed or official way of doing things【典句】its time to put these arrangements on a slightly more formal basis.是应该把这些安排做得略为正式一点的时候了。【拓展】反义词informal adj.非正式的；非正规的formalism n.形式主义formality n.正式手续；例行公事formation n.组成；形成【词析】音析:字母组合ire读。形析:-some形容词后缀表“引起（或易于）的”义析:making you feel annoyed【典句】buying a house can be a very tiresome business.买房子会是件很麻烦的事。【拓展】tiring adj.引起疲劳的；令人厌倦的tireless adj. 不疲劳的；不厌倦的；坚韧的；持久的be tired of对厌倦；厌烦【词析】音析:字母组合ee读。形析:词根agree v.（同意，赞成）+-ment(名词后缀，属派生词)义析:an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with sb.; the state of sharing the same opinion or feeling【典句】they had made a verbal agreement to sell.他们达成了口头销售协定。【拓展】make/come to/arrive at an agreement with.与达成协议a gentlemans agreement君子协定be in agreement with what sb.says同意某人所说的be in agreement on (about/upon) sth.对某事意见一致【词析】音析:字母组合ere读。形析:可分两音节记忆词形义析:showing what you really think or feel【典句】please accept our sincere thanks.请接受我们诚挚的谢意。【拓展】a sincere apology诚恳的道歉a sincere concern真诚的关心a sincere friend真诚的朋友its my sincere belief that.我深信sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地yours sincerely或sincerely yours是用于正式信署名处的客套话，只用于以收信人姓氏和称呼的信函。【词析】音析:字母a读，字母组合tion读。形析:satisfy v.（满足）+-tion（名词后缀表状态）义析:the good feeling that you have when you have achieved sth. or when sth. that you wanted to happen does happen; sth. that gives you this feeling【典句】she looked back on her career with great satisfaction.回顾自己的事业，她深感欣慰。【拓展】to ones satisfaction使某人满意express ones satisfaction at/with对表示满意in satisfaction of作为的赔偿satisfactory adj.令人满意的；符合要求的satisfying adj.令人满意的；使人满足的satisfy ones need 满足某人的需要【词析】音析:字母组合ea读形析:real adj.（真的，现实的）-ise/ize动词后缀表“成为,使”义析:achieve sth. important that you very much want to do【典句】he realized his ambition of becoming a professional singer.他实现了成为一名职业歌手的志向。【拓展】realize还表示“理解；领会；意识到；认识到”如：the situation was more complicated than they had at first realized.形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。reality n.现实；事实；实际情况realist n.现实主义者；务实的人realistic adj.现实的；实际的；实事求是的realism n.务实作风；现实性；现实主义风格【词析】音析:字母组合ai读。形析:根据两个音节记忆词形，注意双写t义析:to succeed in getting sth., usually after a lot of effort【典句】he attained five “a” grades in the exams.他的考试成绩获得了五个优。【拓展】attain the age of ninety达90岁高龄attain the top of a hill到达山顶attain speeds of 100 km/h 达到时速100千米attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的attainment n.达到；到达attainments n.成就；造诣【词析】音析:字母i读。形析:bio-（前缀，表“生物的，人生的”）+-graphy（后缀表“某种艺术或科学；写（画）的形式”)义析:the story of a persons life written by sb. else; the type of writing【典句】i have read boswells biography of johnson.我读完了博斯韦尔写的约翰逊传。【拓展】biographee n.传记中的主人公biographer n.传记作者biographical adj.传记的；传记体的autobiography n.自传【词析】音析:字母i读。形析:词根thrill （v.& n.兴奋，激动)+-er（名词后缀)义析:a book, play or movie with an exciting story，especially one about crime or spying【典句】we were all excited at the thriller last night.我们都为昨晚的惊悚片兴奋。【拓展】thrilled adj.非常兴奋的；极为激动的thrilling adj.惊险的，紧张的，动人心弦的【词析】音析:字母e读。形析:词根sense （n.感觉，意识）+-tive(形容词后缀)义析:that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry【典句】my nose is highly sensitive to any smoke.我的鼻子对各种烟味十分敏感。【拓展】senseless adj.无知觉的；无意义的sensibility n.感觉（力）；敏感性sensitivity n.感受性；灵敏性【辨析】sensitive和sensiblesensitive指反应和洞察力“敏感，敏锐”;而sensible涉及判断指理性、明智。如：it is sensible of you to take his advice.你听从他的忠告是明智的。a soap for sensitive skin敏感的皮肤用的香皂you should not be so sensitive to criticism.你不该对别人的批评那么在乎（敏感）。【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:可分两个音节记忆词形义析:to be suspicious about sth.; not to trust sth.【典句】i suspected her motives in offering to help.她主动要求帮助，我怀疑她的动机。【拓展】suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑（某人有罪）suspect sb.to be猜想某人是suspect n.嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspectable adj.可疑的【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:absence n.（缺席，不在），absent adj.义析:not in a place because of illness, etc.【典句】love was totally absent from his childhood.他童年时根本没有得到疼爱。【拓展】be absent from work/school/meeting 缺勤/缺课/缺席会议be present at出席in ones absence在某人不在的时候absent-minded心不在焉的；精力不集中的an absent expression/look 心不在焉的表情/神不守舍的样子【词析】音析:字母a读。形析:(contra-)前缀构成名词、动词和形容词表示“反对，相反”。义析:different from sb.; against sth.【典句】the contrary view is that prison provides an excellent education in crime.截然不同的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面可以提供极好的教育。【拓展】on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反to the contrary相反的；相反地【词析】音析:字母o读。形析:根据possession等同根词归纳记忆词形义析:to have or own sth.【典句】im afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humour.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。【拓展】be possessed by被控制；支配be possessed of sth.具有某种品质（或特征）possession n.具有/拥有个人财产和物品in possession of拥有；有take possession of占有；取得come into possession继承财产possessor n.持有人；所有者【词析】音析:ex读。形析:根词experience n.& v.（经验、经历）-(e)d(形容词后缀)义析:having knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity.【典句】he is very experienced in looking after animals.他养动物很有经验。【拓展】be experienced in/at在方面有经验；熟练sum up experience总结经验a man of rich experience经验丰富的experiential adj.经验的；凭经验的experientialism n.经验主义experientialist n.经验主义者in my experience 据我的经验看【词析】音析:第一个e读，第二个e读，重读第三个音节。形析:de-（构词前缀表“除去；取消”)+-lete义析:to remove sth. that has been written or printed, or that has been stored on a computer【典句】your name has been deleted from the list.你的名字已从名单上删掉。【拓展】deletion n.删除de-前缀构成动词及相关的名词、形容词和副词：the opposite of.的反义decrease