译林版高中英语选修7学案：词汇详解 Unit2　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.focus on 聚焦于【典型例句】the discussion focused on three main problems.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.睁着眼睛看清楚离你较远的物体。【相关链接】focus n.中心点；焦点the incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。his comments provided a focus for debate.他的评论提供了辩论的重点。2.open up 开门；营业；开张；出现；裂开【典型例句】exciting possibilities were opening up for her in the new job.新工作为他带来了令人兴奋的发展前途。there is a new thai restaurant opening up in town.城里有一家新的泰国餐馆开张了。the operation will open up the blocked passage around his heart.手术将把它心脏周围被堵塞的通道打开。【相关链接】open a bank account 开一个银行账户open fire 开火opening n.入口3.contemporary adj. 暂时的n. 同时代的人【典型例句】jack and i are contemporaries at college.杰克与我同时读大学。many contemporary writers condemned the emperors actions.当时的许多作家都谴责该皇帝的行径。we have no contemporary account of the battle.我们没有当时人们对这一战役的记录。4.recommend v. 推荐；建议【典型例句】what would you recommend for removing ink stain? 你看用什么办法可以除去墨迹？she was strongly recommended for the post.他被大力推荐担任这个职务。i can recommend him as an extremely good accountant.他推荐他一定能当个好会计。id recommend extreme caution.我奉劝多加小心。i recommend that you resign.我建议你辞职。i recommend (you) meeting him first.我建议你先见见他。【知识小结】recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人做什么【相关链接】recommendation n. 推荐；推荐信recommendable adj. 备受推荐的5.ignore v. 忽视；不予理睬【典型例句】youve been ignoring me.你一直不把我放在眼里。i cant ignore his rudeness any longer.他粗暴无礼，我再也不能不管了。i said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。she ignored him and carried on with her work.她没理他，继续干她的活。i made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.我提了个建议，但是他们不理会。【相关链接】ignorant adj. 无知的；不了解的at that time i was ignorant of events going on elsewhere.那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。ignorance n. 无知children often behave badly out of ignorance.儿童往往出于无知而不守规矩。6.prevent v. 预防；阻止【典型例句】who can prevent us from getting married now that you are of age?既然你已成年，谁能阻止我们结婚呢？your prompt action prevented a serious accident. 你及时的行动防止了一次严重的事故。he is prevented by law from holding a license.按法律规定他不得持有执照。【知识小结】注意：在用于被动语态时，以上三个短语中的from都不能省略。【相关链接】(from不省略)7.purify vt. 使纯净；净化；提炼【典型例句】water is purified by passing through rock.水在穿透岩石的过程中得到了净化。the soil has to be purified of all bacteria.要消灭这土壤的所有细菌使之净化。hindus purify themselves by bathing in the ganges.印度教徒在恒河中浸泡借以涤罪。【相关链接】pure adj. 纯的；纯净的；干净的i want a bottle of pure water.我想要一瓶纯净水。they met by pure chance.他们相遇纯属偶然。pure gold 纯金purely adv. 仅仅；完全she took the job purely and simply for the money.她做这份工作图的就是钱。8.quantity n. 数量；大量；大批【典型例句】the data is limited in both quality and quantity.这份资料在质量和数量上都很有限。the police found a quantity of drugs at his home.警察在他家发现了大量毒品。its cheaper to buy goods in quantity.大量购物比较便宜。what quantity do you require?你要求多大的数量？i prefer quality to quantity.我重质不重量。there is only a small quantity left.只剩下很少。【知识小结】（1）in large quantities 大量地（2）a large quantity of 修饰名词作主语；谓语动词用单数；quantities of 修饰名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。【相关链接】9.be used to do 被用来做某事【典型例句】wood is often used to make paper.木材常用来造纸。the knife is used to cut bread.这把刀是用来切面包的。a hammer is used to drive in nails.锤子是用来钉钉子的。【相关链接】（1）used to do 常用来指过去的动作或习惯，暗含现在已不再如此的意思。we used to go sailing on the lake in summer.从前，我们经常在湖上泛舟。i used to smoke, i dont any more.我过去常吸烟，但现在已不吸了。（2）be used to sth./doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”；be可以有多种时态形式。he is quite used to working hard.他颇习惯于辛苦工作。10.rapidly adv. 迅速地【典型例句】the disease is spreading rapidly.这种疾病在快速蔓延。crime figures are increasing rapidly.犯罪数字正在迅速上升。【相关链接】rapid, fast, swift与quick辨析：rapid 急速地，常指急流、漩涡，语气比较强。如：a rapid stream 湍急的小溪quick 迅速的，一般用语，意为立即行动，毫不拖延。如：a quick answer 迅速的回答swift 迅速得；指动得非常迅速的东西，如风车、水车等，常和quick通用。如：a swift arrow 快速的箭fast 迅速的，指动作等的迅速，和rapid通用。如：a fast train 快速行驶的火车11.powerful adj. 强大的；有力的【典型例句】america is a powerful country.美国是一个强大的国家。he is powerful to persuade others.他有本事说服人。this is a powerful engine.这是一台大功率的发动机。this is a powerful speech.这是一次有力的讲话。【相关链接】(1)wind power 风能water power 水能power station 发电站 (2)power, strength,force与energy辨析power指政权；权力；还可泛指做某事的能力；也可指物理学中的动力，功率。strength主要指一个人所具有的力量；力气。energy主要指人的精力，活力和物理学中的能，能量，能源。force指为克服阻力，使事物运动而实际发出或施加的力量，即物理学中的力，也可指兵力、势力，武力。he has lost the power of speech.他丧失了语言能力。its a waste of time and energy.简直是浪费时间和精力。for a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小但力大惊人。the soldiers took the prisoners away by force.士兵们强行把犯人带走了。12.wonder n. 惊奇；惊异；奇迹v. 诧异；奇怪；纳闷；想知道【典型例句】they looked at the conjurer in silent wonder.他们目瞪口呆地看着那魔术师。we were filled with wonder.他们感到惊奇。walking on the moon is one of the wonders of our times.在月球上漫步是现代奇景之一。i wonder whether they will arrive on time.我也不知道他们能不能准时到。i wonder who he is.我不知道他究竟是谁。【相关链接】（1）wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的；极好的the film was wonderful.电影很精彩。(2)no wonder 难怪（3）wander v. 徘徊；徜徉we wandered around looking for the house.我们为找那所房子转了半天。13.relief n. (疾病，忧虑，负担）等的缓解；减轻；轻松；宽慰【典型例句】the doctors treatment gave some relief.医生的治疗使病情减轻。news of their safety came as a great relief.他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。we all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。【相关链接】 to ones relief 令某人庆幸的是relieve v. 解除；减轻；缓和we played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait.我们打扑克以此减轻长时间等待的厌倦。14.be made from 由做成【典型例句】the kind of paper is made from grass.这种纸是用草制成的。wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。【相关链接】（1）be made of与be made from辨析两个短语都表示“由组成”，但be made of强调原材料没有发生质的变化，能看得出材料，而be made from表示看不出原料，即发生了质的变化。the bridge is made of stones.这座桥是用石头做成的。the coat is made from cotton.这件衣服是由棉花做的。(2)be made up of “由组成”a football team is made up of eleven players.一支足球队是由11名球员组成的。be made out of 用制成be made into. 用做成的be made in. 在某地生产的made up 化妆；编造make out 辨认出；理解made up ones mind 下决心make use of 利用make up for 弥补；使平衡15.affect v. 影响；侵袭；成功【典型例句】the illness affects the lungs.这种病会影响肺。the opinion will not affect my decision.他们的意见不会影响我们的决定。the tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们大家。the change in climate may affect your health.气候的变化可能影响你的健康。【相关链接】affecting adj. 动人的；感人的affection n. 喜爱；爱慕；感情effect n. 效果；作用be in effect 有效；生效come into effect 生效in effect 实际上；简直是of no effect 没有作用put into effect 使生效；实现without effect 没有作用16.put up 搭起；建起；升起；举起；张贴；公布；向某人提供食宿；参加竞选【典型例句】we put up our tents at the foot of the mountain.我们在山脚下搭起帐篷。put your hand up when you have a question.有问题请举手。the notice was put up yesterday.这个通知是昨天张贴的。we can put you up for the night.今晚我可以给你提供住宿。she is putting up for election for the committee.她参加委员竞选。【相关链接】(1)put up with 容忍im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。(2)put off 让某人下车；推迟；取消its too late to put them off now.现在已来不及取消与他们的安排了。i asked the driver to put me off at the station.我请司机让我在火车站下车。（3）put away 将收起来放好im just going to put the car away.我正打算把汽车开进车库。(4)put out 扑灭（大火）；扔掉；清理掉firefighters soon put the fire out.消防人员很快把火扑灭了。（5）put down 写下；镇压the military government is determined to put down all opposition.军政府决心镇压一切反对力量。（6）put through 完成；达成；给接通电话could you put me through to the manager, please?请帮我找经理接一下电话好吗？（7）put back 放回原处；往回拨put the book back on the shelf when you have finished it.看完书后放回原来的书架。(8)put on 穿上17.look around 参观；四处看看；环顾【典型例句】lets look around the town this afternoon.咱们今天下午游览市区吧。were looking round for a house in this area.我们正在这个地区四处找住房。【相关链接】look down on 轻视；瞧不起(1)she looks down on people who havent been to college.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。（2）look into 调查；审查a working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。(3)look over 查看；检查we looked over the house again before we decided to rent it.那房子我们又看了一次才决定租用的。(4)look up 好转；改善；查阅；查检18.turn up 出现；到场；到达；调大【典型例句】dont worry about the letterim sure itll turn up.别为那封信担心，我相信会找到的。we arranged to meet at 7:30，but she never turned up.我们约好7：30碰头，但她根本没露面。could you turn the tv up?你能把音量开大吗？my boss hasnt turned up this morning.i hope she isnt ill.我的老板今天早晨还没有来。我希望他没有生病。【相关链接】(1)turn away 把某人拒之门外，不准某人进入they had no where to stay so i couldnt turn them away.他们无处安身，我们不能把他们打发走。(2)turn back 往回走；返回。the weather became so bad they had to turn back.天气非常恶劣，他们不得不原路返回。(3)turn down 拒绝；顶回why did she turned down your invitation?她为什么谢绝你的邀请?(4)turn on 打开ill turn the tv on.我来打开电视。(5)turn in 上交；呈交；提交i havent even turned in mondays work yet.我连星期一的作业还没交呢。(6)turn to. 向求助she has nobody she can turn to.她求助无门。（7）turn over. 把移交给he turned his business over to his daughter.他把这个企业交给了女儿管理。19.come up 长出地面；升起；发生；出现；被提及；被挑中；走到的附近【典型例句】we watched the sun come up.我们观看日出。the snowdrops are just beginning to come up.雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。he came up and asked me the way to the hospital.他走上前来问我去医院的路。your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来了。i will let you know if anything comes up.如果有事的话，我会让你知道。【相关链接】(1)come about 发生how did it come about that he knew where we were?他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢?(2)come to 涉及到；被想出i know nothing when it comes to football.当谈到足球时，我一无所知。the idea came to him in his bath.他洗澡时想出了这个主意。(3)come along 出现；到达when the right opportunity comes along, shell take it.待适当的机会来临，她就能抓住。(4)come across 被理解；被传达；偶遇he spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没人明白。(5)come out 出来；显现；罢工the sun came out after days of rain.下了几天雨之后，太阳终于出来了。when will his new book come out?他的新书什么时候出版?the car workers have all come out again.汽车工人再度全体罢工。20.handful n. 一把；少数；难以控制的人或物【典型例句】she picked up a handful of sand and threw it at me.她抓起一把沙子，向我扔来。only a handful of people are on the street.只有少数几个人在街上。the little boy is really a handful.那个小男孩真是个淘气鬼。【相关链接】a handful of 少数；少数hand n. 手hold ones hand 安慰某人hand to hand 手拉手in hand 在手中；在手头by hand 用手工take sb. in hand 管教某人on one hand.on the other hand 一方面另一方面21.annual adj. 每年的；年度的n.年刊；年报【典型例句】you should hand in your annual report next monday.下星期一请交上你的年度报告。this is an annual event.这是一年一次的大事。【相关链接】annually adv. 每年一度地the exhibition is held annually.这种展览每年一次。22.arrangement n. 安排；排列【典型例句】can i leave the arrangement of the tables to you?我把安排这些桌子的事交给你办行吗?please make your own arrangements for accommodation.请自行安排食宿。【相关链接】arrange v. 安排；整理；排列she arranged all her business affairs before going on holiday.她在度假前把业务都安排好了。ive arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cats.我已和邻居商量妥喂猫的事。23.take down 写下；记