译林版高中英语选修8学案：例句精讲 Unit1　.doc

例句精讲1. in 1995, clueless, the award-winning film based on jane austens novel emma, was released.1995年，无影无踪公映，这部获奖影片就是根据简奥斯汀的小说爱玛改编的。【巧解句构】这个句子运用了award-winning复合形容词和过去分词短语based on jane austens novel emma来作film的定语，分词短语意思上当于which/that was based on.这样一个定语从句。【要点剖析】分词作定语的时候很多，有的单独作定语：this is a rather complicated problem.这是一个相当复杂的问题。有时分词还可以构成合成词作定语：chairman mao lived in a simply-furnished room.毛主席住在一个陈设简单的房间里。分词短语作定语一般置于所修饰的名(代)词后面，相当于一个定语从句。suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed (who was dressed) in green.突然出现了一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。【拓展延伸】1)to be done，being done和done三种形式作定语可表达不同时间概念。如：the houses being built are for the teachers.(正在被建造)the house built last year are for the teachers.(已建造完成)the houses to be built next month are for the teachers.(即将建造)2)复合形容词的构成“adv.+p.p.”well-known著名的；newly-built新建的adj.+adj.dark-blue深蓝的;red-hot炽热的adj.+v.-ingfunny-looking长相滑稽的;easy-going随和的adj.+p.p.hard-won来之不易的;ready-made现成的adj.+n.+-edwarm-hearted热心肠的;middle-aged中年的adj.+n.high-quality高素质的;second-hand二手的n.+adj.life-long终身的;world-watering令人垂涎的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving爱好和平的;mouth-watering令人垂涎的n.+p.p.man-made人造的;self-employed自主创业的n.+n.+-ediron-willed钢铁般意志的;chicken-hearted胆怯的adv.+v.-inghard-working勤劳的;well-meaning善意的num.+n.+-edfour-storeyed四层楼的;three-legged三条腿的num.+n.five-year五年的;first-class一流的3)base sth. on/upon sth.以为基础(或根据)也可用作be based on结构。如：the movie is based on a real-life incident.这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。另外based还可表示“在居住(工作)；驻地(总部)在如：a new york-based company总部设在纽约的公司2. pips sister seldom has a kind word to say, but joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to pip.皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。【巧解句构】本句属于并列句型，第二个分句中包含一个非限制性定语从句who would rather die than see any harm come to pip。句中would rather do.than do.意思是“宁愿也不愿”。又如：he would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。【拓展延伸】类似的结构还有：would do rather than do宁可也不would rather do than do宁可也不prefer to do rather than do宁可也不would rather not do宁愿不做【辨析比较】rather than而不是；宁愿而不1)此词组为一个连词词组，可分开使用，常用来连接两个并列成分，表示在两者之间进行选择。we ought to check up rather than just accept what he says.我们应该核实一下，而不是他说什么就信什么。2)连接两个形容词，构成两个表语；或连接两个时间副词，构成状语。these shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子穿起来很舒服，可不够漂亮。he would prefer to come in august rather than in july.他想八月来，而不愿七月来。3)连接两个代词、名词或者动名词。his mother is a teacher rather than an artist.他母亲是一个教师，而不是一个艺术家。it ought to be me rather than you that should sign the letters.在信上签名的该是我，而不是你。i love swimming rather than skating.我喜欢游泳而不喜欢溜冰。other than不同于；非；除了no other than除外没有；只有；正是or rather或者更确切地说(当纠正已说过的话或欲使其确切时)i borrowed some books rather than novels.我借了几本书，都不是小说。he has no other choice than to give in.他毫无选择，只有投降。注意：would rather和would sooner可以接宾语从句，从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时形式表示现在和将来的内容，用过去完成时形式表示过去的内容。如：id rather you went home now.我倒宁愿你现在就回家。i would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。i would rather you had stayed at home last night.我宁愿你昨天晚上待在家里。3. excited by his move to london, pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.兴奋地搬到伦敦之后，皮普迫不及待地开始了新的生活。【巧解句构】这是一个由分词短语excited by his move to london作状语的简单句，句中can hardly wait to do sth.表示急切地/迫不及待地干某事。【要点剖析】过去分词短语可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、伴随状语、方式状语等，如：born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.他出身于贫寒家庭，只受了两年教育。(原因状语)seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.从山上往下看，这个城市很漂亮。(时间/方式状语)given a chance, i can surprise the world.(条件状语)给我一个机会，我会使整个世界惊讶。the teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students.(伴随状语)老师走进了教室，后面跟着一些学生。【拓展延伸】1)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致并形成一定的逻辑关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。但有些分词短语常用作独立成分，其形式的选择不受上、下文主语的逻辑关系影响。如：generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般说来，男孩比女孩更对这类活动感兴趣。judging from his accent, he must be from the south.听他的口音他必定是南方人。supposing (suppose) he is absent, what shall we do?假使他不在，我们怎么办？granting (granted) that youve made some progress you should be modest.即使你有一些进步也要谦虚。2)cant wait/can hardly wait: used when you are emphasizing that sb. is very excited about sth. or keen to do it.迫不及待如：the children cant wait for christmas to come.孩子们等圣诞节都等不及了。常见wait短语结构：keep sb. waiting让人久等；使人耽搁wait and see耐心等待，等着瞧wait on sb.伺候，服侍，招待(尤指进餐)wait up (for sb.)熬夜，不睡觉(等人回家)(just) you wait.(用以加强威胁，警告或允诺的语气)你就等着吧，你就等着瞧吧！4. pip is about eighteen years old when this happens, and the fortune sets him free from financial worries.当时皮普大约18岁，这笔钱使他不用为经济问题而担忧了。【巧解句构】句中短语free from意思是“不受伤害(或影响等)”。又如：from then on, the old couple lived in the quiet village free from fear of war.从那以后，老夫妇俩就生活在这个宁静的村子里，远离对战争的恐惧。it was several weeks before he was completely free of pain.过了几个星期他的疾痛才完全消除。【拓展延伸】free adj.&v. 自由的；免的；释放；给予自由1)allowed to move where one wants; not controlled by rules自由的，不受约束的，常用句型：be free to do sth.自由地做某事a free country一个自由国家you are free to come and go as you please.你来去自便。2)adj.免费的；免税的：a free school公费学校；free of charge免费；free tickets免费票3)adj. free from/of sth. 不受影响；无free from harm/pain不受伤害/无痛苦；free of weeds无杂草4)vt.释放；让某人自由they are all freed for the sake of god.感谢上帝，他们都被释放了。5)adj.无阻碍的；畅通的ensure there is a free flow of air around the machine.要确保机器周围空气畅通。6)adj.没有的fat-free food无脂肪食物an ice-free harbour不冻港7)未使用；空着的are there any free rooms (beds) in your hotel?你们招待所里还有空房间（床位）吗？有关free的日常用法：free and easy随便；无拘束；轻松；自由自在there is no such thing as a free lunch没有免费的午餐(表示白得东西是不可能的)of ones (own) free will出于自愿5. the gravity of the situation leads her to run away to ireland, where she opens a chocolate shop and becomes rich.严峻的形势使她逃往爱尔兰，她在那儿开了一家巧克力店，逐渐富裕起来。【巧解句构】the gravity of the situation指事情的严重性；where she opens a chocolate shop and becomes rich作非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ireland。【要点剖析】高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点