译林版高二英语选修8学案：Unit1：导学案（Grammar）新.doc

英语译林牛津版选修8unit1：导学案（grammar）m8u1 the written word period4,5 ( grammar )导学案learning aims(学习目标)：enable the ss to grasp the negative statementsimportant points(学习重点): how to use correctly the negative statementsdifficult points（学习难点）:. the function and formation of the negative statementslearning guides（方法导引）: inductive and deductive methods, task-based learning and cooperative learninggrammar and usages ：the negative statementsstepi. common usages1. be/ 情态动词 /助动词 + not2. 常见的表示全部否定的词no, not,none never, neither, nobody, nothinga) no smoking is allowed here. b) neither of the two girls study/studies well.c) none of my friends smoke(s). d) i will never make that mistake again.3. 部分否定； all, both, every, many, always, often等与not连用时,表部分否定,意思为:并非都。a) all is not gold that glittersnot all is gold that glitters.闪光的并非都是金子.b) both of them are not useful.not both of them are usefulc) such a thing is not found everywherethe rich are not always happy. 4. 双重否定同一个句子当中有两个否定词，表示的意思是肯定的，但比肯定句的语气要重。a) there is no sweet without sweat. b) no gain without pains. 不劳则无获.c) you cant make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊.5. 几乎否定 表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的有little (few), hardly, rarely, seldom 等a) we seldom/hardlyhear such fine singing.b) little remains to be said. 简直没什么可说的了.6. 将否定词和whether/if连用,来表达对于某种情况的疑虑, 常用于口语中.i wonder whether/if 一般用于表达个人的决定stepii the special usages of negative statements.1. 否定转移将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中 a) i dont think i know you.我想我并不认识你。b) i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 i hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。判断下列句子是否属于否定转移：a) i dont think it will rain tomorrow. ( )b) we dont think you are right. ( )c) he doesnt think you are coming. ( )d) you dont think i will go with her. ( )e) i didnt think it was suitable. ( )i dont believe that she has done so much in a week ,_?ado i bdont i chas shedhasnt she2. 否定句的倒装: 表否定意义的词或短语放在句首，要用部分倒装如：not, never, seldom,hardly, in no way/ by no means(绝不), at no time, 等。a) by no means will china first use nuclear weapons.b) not often do they meet他们不常见面.3. 形式肯定，意义否定形式肯定，意义否定a) tooto 结构 b) 用more than 帮助构成否定this is more than i can tell. 无法;难以这件事是我不能讲的.the beauty of the park is more than words can describec) 用the last/least “最不”构成否定句 he is the last man i want to see. 4. 形式否定，意义肯定can not too 再也不为过;越.越好the students cannot be _ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project. a.very b. too c. quite d. so 5. 隐性否定是一种有意无形的含蓄否定,常用含否定词的单词,词组,句型等来表示否定意义.这种否定意义用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中. 含有否定意义的词汇与结构如下 1) 动词及短语动词： fail (+to do.), miss, ignore, prevent/keep/ protect .from,resist等2) 名词:absence, failure, refusal,shortage,ignorance等3) 形容词: few, little, free (from), far from, absent from 等4) 副词: hardly, seldom,等5) 介词：above, beneath, below, out (of) , beyond ,against等6) 连词：unless, before, or ,等7) 结构: tooto 太(以致于)不 ratherthan “宁愿而不”等 a) pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. b) the classis are far from disappearing.c) pips sister seldom has a kind word to sayd) the fortune sets him free from financial worries.e) joe would rather die than see any harm come to pip.stepiii.practice1. i dont believe it. i think he is _ such a thing.a the only person to do b the first person to doc the last person to do d the very person to do2.they have a good knowledge of english but little _they know about german.a. have b. did c. had d. do3. we should _ look down upon the people who are inferior to us. a.by no means b. by any means c. at all d. in any way 4. the students are _ with these two famous scientists in the lab.a.too pleased to work b. too pleased that they cannot workc.only too pleased to work d. so pleased that they cannot work5. never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.a.has this city been b. this city has been c. was this city d. this city was6. it wont be long _ imperialism comes to its end.a . when b. after c. until d. before7.the students cannot be _ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project. a. very b.too c.quite d.so 8.i agreed with most of what he said, but not _.a. anything b. everything c. something d. nothing9.you may drop in or just give me a call. _will do.a.either b. each c. neither d. all10. i had _ closed my eyes when i remembered i hadnt done my maths homework.a. certainly b. merely c.hardly d. nearly11.bob ran 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and i have not seen _ this year.a.the best b. better c. the most d. more12.-what he said sounds reasonable.-of course, _.a.i cant agree with him most b. i cant agree with him morec. i cant agree with him less d. i cant agree with him least 13. shall i give you a ride as you live so far away? -thank you. _a.it couldnt be better b. of course you canc. if you like d. its up to you14. -which driver was to blame?-why,_! it was the childs fault, clear and simple. he suddenly came out between two parked cars.a. both b. each c. either d. neither15. ive tried very hard to improve my english. but by no means _ with my progress.(2006重庆) a. the teacher is not satisfied b. is the teacher not satisfied c. the teacher is satisfied d. is the teacher satisfied16. -go for a picnic this weekend ,ok?-_ .i love getting close to nature.ai couldnt agree morebim afraid notci believe not di dont think so17. it was back home after the experiment .anot until midnight did he go buntil midnight that he didnt go cnot until midnight that he went duntil midnight when he didnt go 18 my friend, who _ on the international olympic committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006 浙江) a. served b. is serving c. had servedd. has served19. if you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _. (2004 浙江) a. act b. help c. serve d. last20.life is tough in the city. in order to lose their , some people drink alcohol. (2003上海)atemper bmood cconsciousness dpressures 21.her brother to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. (2001上海)a. declared b. threatenedc. warnedd. exclaimed22.but for the help of my english teacher,i_the first prize in the english writing competition.(2009.福建) a.would not win b.would not have won c.would win d.would have won.23.everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. a. beyond b.without c.of d in 24.i can _ be a teacher .im not a very patient person.(2009湖南) a.seldom b.ever c.never d.always 25.why not get some work experience first _ go straight on to university? a.or rather b.other than c.more than d.rather than 【阅读】人物故事类 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。in western culture, 21 was the age at which young people traditionally received a key to their parents door, as a symbol of entering adulthood. now, the age of 21 is a time when people ask themselves: where do i go from here?jiang fangzhous 21 years have been filled with the kind of success most young people wouldnt dare hope for in a lifetime. she published her first book at the age of nine and has written many more since then. she is regarded as a spokesperson for her generation. however, her hopes and concerns for the future appear decidedly normal.she explains that while her fellow students are chiefly concerned with getting a job or buying an apartment, shefrets over how she can excel in her work when having limited experience of the world.however, jiang, now a senior at the school of journalism and communication of tsinghua university, notes that her peers face intense pressure and competition at school. they are expected to excel in their field of study despite limited experience, just as jiang is expected to shine in the literary world.young people, she says, have been forced to open their eyes to the world around them. jiangs world has opened up, too. shes more at ease with herself at 21, compared with when she began college.“my horizon has broadened and im more tolerant,” she says. “as a freshman, i was desperate. i stopped people around me and asked: is there anything in the world still worth hoping for? but now i dont do that.”jiang says that she may not pursue writing as her main future career because she wants to try“other lifestyles”overseas travel and study touring sound particularly inviting to her. but she is concerned that many foreigners have skewed (歪曲的,倾斜的) perceptions about china.“a few days ago i overheard a conversation between two foreigners sitting next to me on a flight,” says jiang. “they were having a heated discussion about the number of beggars in china. and how chinese always go for petty profits. in fact, they had been in china for only a week.”jiang believes prejudice is unavoidable, but she also maintains that chinese and westerners, for example, share much common ground.“we share the same principles, such as honesty and a willingness to help others,” says jiang. “the differences between peoples are not that huge.”1. what does the passage mainly talk about?a. jiang fangzhous novels. b. embracing new challenges.c. jiang fangzhous university life. d. jiang fangzhous success.2. what does the underlined phrase mean?a. be patient withb. be worried aboutc. be content with d. be indifferent about3. which of the following sentences is true?a. jiang doesnt have any pressure and competition as the others do.b. jiangs peers face intense pressure and competition at school.c. jiang wants to be a professional writer in future.d. jiang often asks her friends some questions now.4. we can infer from the text that_.a. there is nothing but prejudice between chinese and westernersb. jiang accepts the fact that there are huge differences between peoplesc. one week is enough to know about a true china.d. jiang disagrees with what the two foreigners said about chinese【参考答案】14、bbbd任务型阅读。请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills ,so here are some general homework tips for parents:make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going. make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available.ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance.help your children with time management.establish a set time each day for doing homework. dont let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates.be positive about homework.tell your child how important school is. the attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires.when your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.giving answers means your child will not learn the material. too much help teaches your child that