大学英语综合教程教案Book 1 Unit 8.doc

Book One Unit EightNew Words and Expressions in Text A:1. fable: n. a short tale not based on facts and intended to give moral guidance寓言 (Fables often let the reader deduce the moral lessons, and not state them directly.) -Aesops Fable伊索寓言2. teenager: n. a person who is between 13 and 19 years old 青少年teenage: a. of or for a teenager 青少年的-teenage problems青少年问题teens: pl. the ages of 13-19 十三至十九的年龄-girls/boys in their teens 少女/少男3. run out of sth.: use up of finish a supply of (sth.) 用完，耗尽-To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home.-When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more.4. file: n. (c) a collection of papers on one subject 档案，卷宗; 存档的文件-Heres our file on the Middle East. have a file on: 存有关于的资料-The police have a file on him. on file: 存档-This should be kept on file for reference.5. folder: holder for loose papers 文件夹6. drugstore: n. a store where prescriptions are filled and drugs and other articles are sold (AmE) (兼营杂货的)药店, 杂货店(照药方配药，出售药品、糖果、饮料、化装品、杂志及其他杂物)7. handful: n. ( used as singular n., + of) a small number一把; 少量-a handful of rice/letters一把米/一叠信-Youd better hurry up. A handful of people are already waiting in the hall.-I have to give up the plan because only a handful of students are willing to spend the New Years Eve on the campus.-ful: suffix (P. 317)8. counter: I) n. table or flat surface on which goods are shown, customers served, in a shop or bank(银行，商店等的)柜台 under the counter: (of goods in shops) bought or sold secretly, e.g. when they are scarce and difficult to obtain (商店里的货物)暗中买卖的(如当缺货不易买到时)；秘密地；私下地；走“后门”II) adv. (+to) contrary; in the opposite direction; in opposition 与相反，与方向相反，反对-act counter to a persons wishes 违背某人的意愿而行事-He acted counter to his promise. 他的行动与他的诺言相反。 run/go counter to：与.相抵触， 违反 III) vt., vi. (+with) oppose, meet an attack 9with a return attack)反驳，反击，还击：-countered that she was too busy to be thorough 反驳说她太忙了所以做事不太彻底-He countered my proposal with one of his own. 他以自己的一个建议来反对我的。9. tax: n. 税10. in amazement: with a feeling of great surprise or disbelief 惊讶-Aunt Sophia gazed at her picture in amazement: she looked like a teenage girl in it.-All the people in the lecture hall stared at him in amazement when he talked loudly with his friend.11. modestly: ad. not in very large quantity, size, etc. 不太多，不太大，适中modest: a. 1) moderate; not large in size or amount 适度的, 适中的；普通的- a modest price 适中的价格-a modest hotel 普通饭店-a newspaper with a modest circulation订阅量不大的报纸-My demands are quite modest. -He is modest in his requirements.- There has been a modest decrease in house prices this year. 房价今年略有下降。 2) having, showing, a not too high opinion of ones merits, abilities, etc谦虚的；谦让的; 客气的-a modest hero -She is very modest about the prizes she has won/her success. 她对自己得奖/的成功非常谦虚。12. upset: (upset) vt. (usu. be upset by/about) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy使苦恼，使心烦意乱-They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage.-He was upset about the argument he had with his wife.13. ignorant: a. 1) (usu. be ignorant of/about) (of persons) knowing little or nothing; unaware or uninformed 无知的；无知识的；不知道的- an ignorant person无知的人-He is not stupid, but merely ignorant.-Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming.-She was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities. Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him. 2) showing ignorance; resulting from ignorance显示无知的; 由无知产生的-ignorant hope天真的希望-an ignorant mistake/reply很愚蠢的错误/无知的错误ignorance: n. (u) (+of) the state of being ignorant; want of knowledge无知；不知道；愚昧-We are in complete ignorance of his plans. 我们完全不知道他的计划。-Ignorance of the law is no excuse.不懂法律不能成为借口。 from/out of/through ignorance: 出于无知14. senior: I) n. 1) (AmE) student in the last year of college or high school (大学或中学)毕业班的学生freshman-sophomore- junior- senior 2) senior person 年高者，年长者(附于姓名后，尤指有相同名字的两个人，如父亲与儿子, 指年长的那个，常缩作Sr.或Sen.)，资深者-He is my senior by ten years. 他比我大十岁。-The seniors (= the members of the senior class) defeated the juniors by 3-1. 高班同学以3-1打败了低班同学。-John Smith Senior/Sen./Sr.老约翰 (-John Smith Junior) -college senior大学四年级学生 II) a. ( 与junior相对) (+to) older in years; higher in rank, authority, etc. 年长的；权位等较高的；资深的-He is ten years senior to me. 他比我年长10岁。-She is eight years my senior. 她比我年长八岁-Smith is the senior partner in (=the head of) the firm. -a senior citizen: (euphemism) person over the age of retirement; old age pensioner (委婉说法)老年人-She teaches a senior class.她教一个高年级班。-She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里的地位比其他人都高。-a senior office一位高级军官-the senior states men元老-senior staff高级职员-a senior high school高中-senior student高年级学生15. slice: n. (c) 1) (+ of) a part of sth. 部分-Fiction takes up a large slice of the publishing market.-Heres a car that represents a slice of motoring history.-The boss promised that everyone would get a slice of the profits. 2) (+of) a thin flat piece cut from sth., esp. bread or meal (薄薄)的一片(尤指面包和肉类)- four slices of bread/beef (牛肉) -Cut the pork (猪肉) into thin slices.16. ability: n. (c, u) (+to) power or skill to do, make, or think; talent 能力-We elected him monitor because he had the ability to bring out the best in others.-He lost the ability to walk after a car accident.17. nonexistent: a. not existing 不存在的18. chill: I) v. become or make (sth. or sb.) cold (使)变冷；(使)不寒而栗-He was chilled to the bone.寒冷彻骨-Dont chill their enthusiasm. 向泼冷水 II) n. (sing.) 寒冷；凉意; 风寒；(fig, sing.) 沮丧，扫兴 -a chill in the air凉意-catch a chill 受寒-The bad news cast a chill over the whole family. 这坏消息使全家人感到沮丧。19. indifference: n. (u) (+to) a lack of interest or feeling 漠不关心-Success or failure cannot be a matter of indifference to you. 成败对你不可能是件无足轻重的事indifferent: a. (+to) having no interest in; neither for nor against; not caring for 对不感兴趣的，冷漠的 be indifferent to: 20. sum: I) vt. (用于sum sb./sth. up)合计；总结；概述sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.) 总结，概括，合计- sum (up) the costs of sth. 计算某物的总成本费-sum sb. up看清某人的性格-Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “ Terrible.”-My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class. II) n. 1) (和the连用) 总数， 总和-The sum of 3 and 4 is 7. 2) (c) amount of money 金额；钱数-He paid a large sum for the house. 他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。-Father has decided to give his son a huge sum of money for his independence from the family. 父亲决定给儿子一大笔钱让他离家自立。 3) in sum: in a few words 简言之21. compete: vi. 竞争compete with/against: (+sb. for sth.)try to be better than (sb. else) 与竞争-More than 2,300 candidates from 93 political parties are competing for 486 seats.-We are having to compete with three other departments for the fund.-They found themselves competing with foreign countries for a share of the market.22. Asian: n., a. 亚洲人；亚洲(人)的23. financial: a. connected with money 财政的；金融的-financial ability财力-financial advisor 财政顾问-financial affairs财务-financial capital金融资本-financial circles (=the financial world)金融界-the financial condition /situation财政状况-financial crisis财政危机, 金融恐慌-financial statement财务报表; 决算表(指资产负债表、损益计算书等)finance: n. 财政, 金融, 财政学24. accumulate: v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time 积累，积聚, 堆积-I have accumulated many books over the last few years.-By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library (藏书库).他每月买十本书, 不久便集成一个丰富的藏书库。-While we were away on vacation, a lot of letters accumulated in our mailbox.-His debts accumulated. 他债台高筑。-Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.我们如果不打扫房间, 灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。25. ancestor: n. 祖先，祖宗(= forefather = forebear)26. intellectual: I) a. 1) of or related to the intellect智力的;与智力有关的；用脑的-the intellectual faculties 智能-intellectual work脑力工作；脑力劳动 2) having or showing intellect, especially to a high degree高智商的,有智力的(特别是到了一个较高的水平) (理解力、推理力极强的)-an intellectual person知识分子-an intellectual person聪明人-intelligent: (Unit 6 Text A) having or showing intelligence 有才 智的，聪明的intellect & intelligence:intellect: n. the power of the mind to reason (contrasted with feeling and instinct) 理解力；推理力；对知识的理解力和领悟力, (脑力)intelligence: the power of perceiving; learning, understanding and knowing; metal ability 智力；才智-an intelligence test 智力测验-a boy who shows little intelligence 智商不高的男孩- intelligence quotient智商The detective story, as created by Poe, is something as specialized and as A as a chess (国际象棋) problem .A) intellectual (智力的，用脑筋的)B) intelligent (聪明的) II) n. intellectual person知识分子; 有知识者-highly qualified intellectuals高级知识分子27. affect: vt. have an influence on 影响-Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。-The 20th century was full of inventions that have affected the way we live.-The Asian financial crisis didnt affect our national economy.effect: n. 28. industrial: a. 工业的-industrious: a. hard-working; diligent勤奋的；勤勉的；刻苦的-Chinese people are industrious. 中国人民是勤劳的。industry: 1) (c, u) 工业，产业 2) (u) 勤勉，工作努力29. function: I) vi. operate; act 运作；起作用 -When the camera is functioning properly the green light comes on.-The telephone was not functioning. (was out of order) 坏了-Athens functional as a center of trade in the thirteenth century. II) n. (c) special activity or purpose of a person or thing作用，功能; 职责-the functions of the heart/the nerves 心脏的功能/神经的机能-the function of education 教育的功能-the functions of a judge 法官的职责30. idle: a. lazy; not doing anything 懒散的；空闲的-Most of the men were idle during the depression.-She is so idle, we can never get her to do anything.idly: ad. idleness: n.31. jam: v. (+in/into/under/between; +with) get stuck; crush or be crushed between two surfaces or masses发生故障; 卡住; 堵塞; 塞入；挤入-The lock jammed and I couldnt open it.-The tape-recorder jammed and the teacher had to read the story to the class by herself.-The ship was jammed in the ice.-jam various things into a suitcase/jam the suitcase with various things把很多东西塞进衣箱-The crowds jammed the streets, and no cars could pass. 街上挤满了人群,汽车都无法通行。-The bus was jammed full.公共汽车挤得满满的。32. break down: stop working; fail, collapse停止运转;失败, 垮了-The elevators in this building are always breaking down.-My washing machine broke down last week.-My plan has broken down.-His resistance will break down in time. 他的抵抗中将会瓦解-Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.33. drive sth. home (to sb.): make (sth.) clear so that people understand it 使清楚无误地理解-We must drive home to them where the difficulties lie.-Peters parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.-bring sth. home (to sb.): (本文，P.226) 意义相同34. humble: a. 1) not proud; modest谦卑的-He thanked us again with a humble smile.-Frank strikes me as a very humble person. 2) low in importance, status, or condition (人)卑微 的；(物) 简陋的，卑下的-Michael started his career as a humble fisherman.-Lacocca rose from humble beginnings to become boss of Ford.出身卑微的Lacocca成为了福特汽车公司的老板-a humble apology低声下气的道歉-a humble cottage/home一座简陋的小屋/简陋的家-a man of humble origin/birth出身卑贱的人-a humble occupation 卑下的职业35. suggestion: n. (+of/for; +that clause (the subjunctive mood) sth. suggested 建议-The old man followed the doctors suggestion of a stroll (漫步，散步) to the river every day.-I have lots of suggestions for the parks future.-They didnt like my suggestion that she share the room with her classmate.36. movie: n. film 电影37. dramatize: vt. write (sth.) again in a form which can be performd将改编为剧本，将戏剧化drama: dramatic: 38. European: a., n. 欧洲(人)的; 欧洲人39. portable: a. light and small enough to be easily carried or moved 便携(式)的，手提(式)的-Professor Smith always carries a portable book-computer (便携式笔记本电脑, 手提电脑) with him.-I still remember that my parents bought me a portable radio at my 20th birthday.port: word root, =to carry porter: (注解“56“) 搬运工，挑夫import:export: report: (re-= back) (搬回来-) 报告，报道support: (sup- =sub- =up) transport: (trans- =across) (搬到对面-) 运送，输送40. CD: =compact disc 激光唱片；(计算机用的)光盘41. county: n. (英国的)郡；(美国的)县42. hut: n. 小屋；棚屋43. search for: (及物、不及物) look for 寻找-Many planes and ships were sent to search the South Sea for the missing Chinese pilot.-The police were searching the yard for clues.-All night they searched for the missing child.44. wage: n. (usu. pl. 一般跟复数谓语; 有时作sing., 特别是在定语修饰时) payment for labor or services to a worker, especially remuneration on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece 工资，工钱 (付给工人或服务人员的报酬，尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量给) -Wages are high in this country. -His hourly wage is 10 dollars. -What is my weekly wage?/ What are my weekly wages? 我的周工资是多少？ -The railroad workers have asked for a wage increase/rise.铁路工人要求增加工资。-salary: (u)一般指机关、单位、官员和职员或学校、工厂、企业管理人员的薪金，一般在两年计算，分月、半月发给. He gets his C on Fridays.A) salary B) wage C) wages D) salaries (wage 常用pl., salary 不可数)45. poverty: n. the state of being poor 贫穷，贫困46. leisure: n. (u) 1) spare time 空闲，闲暇-What do you do in your leisure time?-have no leisure to do sth. 没有空闲时间去做某事 at leisure: (when) not occupied 空闲的，闲暇的-I am seldom at leisure. at ones leisure: when one has free time 在空闲之时-Ill return the call at my leisure. 我有空就会来拜访 2) (attributive usage: often used to modify another noun) (形容用法) -leisure time 空闲时间-leisure travel休闲的旅行-leisure clothes 休闲服 -in ones leisure time/hours/ moments在空闲时间里47. luxury: n. 1) (c) sth. expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure奢侈品-A week by the sea is a luxury they can no longer afford.-Houses with swimming pools are still a luxury in many parts of the country. 2) (u) very great comfort, esp. among beautiful and expensive surrounding 奢华；奢侈-She was brought up in an atmosphere of luxury and wealth.-a life of luxury: 奢侈的生活He took over his fathers company and led a life of luxury.-lives in luxury过着奢华的生活 3) (attributive usage: often used to modify another noun) 形容用法-a luxury hotel/ocean liner 豪华旅社/豪华海轮48. mill: n. a factory 工厂，制造厂mill: 原意是磨坊，因而尤其用于轻工业方面，如纺织厂(textile mill)、面粉厂、造纸厂(paper mill)、纱厂(cotton mill)、丝厂(silk mill)等, (也可说steel mill 钢铁厂)；-factory: 意义较广泛，可指任何生产、制造产品的地方；-plant: 多用于电器业或机械制造业的工厂，如发电厂(power plant)；-works: 多用于钢铁等重工业的工厂, 如钢厂(a steel works) .49. subway: n. (AmE) underground railway 地铁50. better off: richer than you are before; more comfortable 更富有；更舒服-Todays farmers are better off than they used to be.-Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont.51. foe: n. (lit) an enemy 敌人52. scare: v. frighten (使)惊慌，(使)恐惧scared: (+of; +to do; +that clause) frightened -When she saw a snake on the floor, the lady was too scared to move.-I have always been scared of dogs.-Alex was scared that his classmates might tell the teacher he broke the window.53. foxhole: n. 散兵坑(小型掩体)54. security: n. 1) (u) the state of feeling safe and free from worry 安全; 无危险；无忧虑-live in peace and security过着平静安稳的生活-safeguard the security of ones motherland保卫祖国的安全-a sense of security安全感-the Security Council (联合国)安全理事会-Security is the greatest enemy. 疏忽是最大的敌人。 2) (c) (+from/against) sth. that provides safety, freedom from danger or anxiety 提供安全之物；使免除危险和忧虑之物-children who lack the security of parental care 缺乏父母照顾的孩子们-A good fire is a security against wild beasts.生一大堆火可确保不受野兽的侵扰。secure: I) a. 1) (+ from/against) safe 安全的- be secure from interruption/attack/harm 不受打扰/攻击/危害2) free from anxiety 无忧无虑的；安心的-feel secure about ones future -He hoped for a secure old age. 他希望有一个无忧无虑的晚年。 3) certain; guaranteed 确定的，可靠的-Our victory is secure.-be secure of victory有必胜的信念 4) unlikely to involve risk; firm 牢固的；稳定的-Is this ladder secure? 这梯子牢靠吗？-a powerful and secure backing 坚强可靠的后盾 II) vt. 1) make fast 使牢固，紧闭-secure all the doors and windows before leaving the house 关好门窗 2) (+ sth. from/against) make certain, firm or safe 使安 全，使可靠-They secured the village against/from floods. 使免去洪水之患55. wake up: 1) (及物，不及物) (本意) stop sleeping 醒了-This morning I woke up with a terrible headache.-Stewart woke me up with his coughing. 2) (fig.) (+to) 清醒，认识到-They should wake up and see the problems theyve got on their hands.-They should wake up to the problems theyve got on their hands.-It is time you woke up to the fact that you are not working hard enough.56. porter: n. (旅馆、火车站等的)搬行李工人；搬运工人-portable: (注解“39”)57. wealthy: a. rich; having wealth 富的，富裕的58. complex: I) a. not simple; difficult to understand or explain; made up of closely connected parts 复杂的; 复合的(有许多密切相关的部分合成的)-a complex argument/proposal/situation/idea- a complex sentence复合句-a complex system of government 复杂的行政制度-The problem was so complex that there would be no easy solution.-When I visited Shanghai for the first time I got lost in the rather complex network of the roads. II) (c) complex whole综合物；综合性建筑-a complex building 综合建筑-The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities. 新建的综合体育馆能为多种活动提供所需要的设施。59. manual: I) a. of, done with, the hands体