高三英语专题复习：动词的时态和语态.doc

高中英语语法专题复习 动词的时态和语态1 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1） 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，英译汉时可加“已经”等词。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)（2） 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，英译汉时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month.(只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关)2 表示将来时间的几种形式比较（1） shall / will 与 be going toshall / will 强调将来的动作或状态; be going to 更加强调指向将来的当前意图和打算。如： Itll soon be Christmas. 很快就是圣诞节了。Im going to listen to rock-on-roll. 我打算听摇滚乐。shall / will 表示未经预先思考，计划的意图，be going to 表示先经过思考，计划的将来。如：-The phone is ringing.-Ill answer it. ( 不可说 Im going to answer it.)shall / will 表示说话人认为，假定要发生的事，而be going to 表示有迹象表明马上要发生的事。如：It looks as if it is going to rain soon.(2) be to do sth 表示将来表示按计划，安排将要发生的动作（常用于新闻，广播，报道官方计划或决定） The president is to visit China later this year.(3) be about to 表示将来表示眼看就要发生的事情，可用于有生命或无生命的主语，不跟表将来的时间状语。Dont get out. We are about to have dinner.(4) be doing 表将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south.(5) 一般将来时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来。 The meeting starts at five oclock.3 下面主动形式常表示被动意义。如： The window wants / needs / requires repairing. The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold. The book is worth reading twice. The clothes wash well./ The book sells well.4 一些特殊句式中的时态（1）在含有“by the end of”或“by the time”的句式中，如果其表示的是过去时间，主句常用过去完成时；如果其表示的是将来时间，主句则常用将来完成时。如： 1 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A would be completedB was being completedC has been completedD had been completed 2 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A will graduateB will have graduatedC graduatesD is to graduate(2) 在“祈使句+and / or +并列分句”的句型中，并列分句中谓语动词常用一般将来时。如：Try some of this juice-perhaps you _ it.A likeB will likeC have likedD liked(3) 在“It / This / That +be +序数词+time + that从句”的句型中，要注意主从句时态的一致。如果主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句谓语常用现在完成时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句谓语则常用过去完成时。如：I was lucky actually, because that _ the second time I _ China that year.A was; had visited B was; visited C is; have visitedD was; have visited(4) 在“It + be + 一段时间 + since 从句”的句型中，如果主句为一般现在时或现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则常用过去完成时。如：-What was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A afterB beforeC whenD since(5) 在“It + be +一段时间 + before 从句”的句型中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则常用一般过去时。如：It will be six years before we _ again.A will meetB meetC metD have metIt _ not long before he told us about the affair.A will beB isC had beenD was(6) 在“It is (about / high ) time + that 从句”的句型中，从句谓语动词常用一般过去时态。如：It is high time we _A startB startedC will startD have started(7) 在“would rather + 从句”的句式中，从句常用一般过去时态。如：-Who would you rather _ there with you ?-Jenny.A goB goingC to goD went(8) 在“hardly / scarcelywhen 和 no soonerthan”的句式中，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。如：Scarcely had he gone into the room when the phone _.A rangB had rungC would ringD ring强化训练1-Thank goodness, youre here! What _ you? -Traffic jam.A keepsB is keepingC had keptD kept2 The house could fall down soon if no one _ some quick repair work.A has doneB is doingC doesD had done3 The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A were waitingB had been waitingC had waitedD would wait4 She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A would changeB has changedC changedD was changing5 All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A encouragesB encourageC is encouragedD are encouraged6 -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A was waitingB had waitedC am waitingD have waited7 He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A sawB has seenC seesD had seen8 -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A was not invitedB have not been invited C hadnt been invitedD didnt invite9 The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A was comingB had comeC has comeD came10 Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A has closed downB closed down C is closing downD had closed down11 More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A treatedB have treatedC had been treated D have been treated12 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A beginB beganC have begunD had begun13 -The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks.A hasnt cleanedB didnt clean C wasnt cleanedD hasnt been cleaned14 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A was missingB had missedC will missD missed15 -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A didB has doneC was doingD had done16 I _ you not to move my dictionary -I cant find it.A askedB askC was askingD had asked17 According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.A is expectedB expectsC expectedD is expecting18 The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A isB wasC has beenD had been19 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A persuadeB will persuadeC be persuadedD are persuaded20 -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower.A had startedB startedC have startedD was starting21 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A has beenB had beenC wasD will be22 -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I? -You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A had saidB saidC were sayingD had been saying23 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A wouldnt expectB havent expect C hadnt expectedD wasnt expecting24 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?A didnt theyB dont they C mustnt theyD havent they25 -Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. -You _ something.A have leftB are always leavingC are leavingD always left26 -I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. -Oh, I _ myself.A am talk