《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》.ppt

GeorgeEliot 1819 1880 RealistwriterOneofthemostpowerfulofcontemporarywriters Amongallthevictorianwomannovelists onlytheBrontesistersseemherequals D H Lawrenceregardedherasthefirstnovelistthat startedputtingalltheactionsinside GeneralComments Herfamily Shewasbornonafarminthefamilyofalandagent HerfatherwastheagentforanestateinWarwickshire沃里克郡TherearefivechildreninGeorgeEliotsfamily Shewastheyoungestofthefivechildreninthefamily Eliot sbirthplaceatSouthFarm Arbury Lifeexperiences 1841EliotandherfathermovedtoFoleshill富利斯希尔nearCoventry考文垂TheclosenesstoCoventrysocietybroughtnewinfluences mostnotablythoseofCharlesandCaraBray卡拉布雷Criticalaboutreligion 1851EliotmetGeorgeHenryLewesBy1854TheydecidedtolivetogetherthoughLeweswasmarriedthen Injuly1854LewesandEliottravelledtoWeimar魏玛andBerlintogetherforthepurposeofresearch On16 May 1880 EliotgetmarriedtoamanJohnCrosswhowastwentyyearsyoungerthanherselfregardlessofcontroversy Aftertheirhoneymoon Eliotfellillwithathroatinfection alongwiththekidneydiseaseshehadbeenafflictedwithforthepreviousfewyears resultinginherdeathon22 December 1880attheageof61 Afterherdeath shewasburiedinHighgateCemmetery London nexttoGeorgeHenryLewes In1980 onthecentenary 一百周年纪念 ofherdeath amemorialstonewasestablishedforherinthePoet sCorner 早期小说AdamBede 亚当 贝德 TheMillontheFloss 弗洛斯河上的磨房 SilasMarner 织工马南 中期小说Romola 罗慕拉 后期小说middlemarch 米德尔马契 Mainworks Feminism theMillontheFloss Maincharacters MaggieTulliver YoungfemaleprotagonistTomTulliver Maggie sbrotherPhilipWakem Hunchbacked驼背classmateofTom andfriend suitortoMaggieMrTulliver Maggie sandTom sfather ownerofthemill StephenGuest AffluentsuitortoLucy Plotsummary Thenovelspansaperiodof10to15years fromTom sandMaggie schildhoodupuntiltheirdeathsinafloodonthefloss Thebookisfictionalautobiographyinpart reflectingthedisgracethatGeorgeEliotherselfhadwhileinalengthyrelationshipwithamarriedman GeorgeHenryLewes berepressedby MaggieTulliverwithherparentsandherolderbrotherTom Maggie bookslover eagertolearn longingforknowledge compassionate ethusiastic clever malechauvinism herfather praisesforthedaugher seduction keepstraditionalconcept awomanshouldnotbesoclever herbrotherTom envysandhatesblowsherconfidence hermother spoilesTom allowstobullyMaggie thinksthisisman sstrongpersonalitywantshertobeaVictorianlady 我只想如镜子反映事物那样 把人物和事件反映在我脑子里的表象一丝不爽地叙述出来而已 我这面镜子毫无疑问是有缺点的 有时候 轮廓会给歪曲了 照出来的影子模糊而混乱 不过 我总觉得自己有责任把事物反映在我脑子里的表象尽可能准确地告诉读者 正如我是在证人席上宣誓要忠实叙述我所见所闻的实情一样 乔治 艾略特 TheCharacteristicsofEliot sWorks Asawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience GeorgeEliotshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen especiallythosewithgreatintelligence potentialandsocialaspirations Inhermind thepathetictragedyofwomenliesintheirbirth Theirinferioreducationandlimitedsociallifedeterminethattheymustdependonmenforsustenanceandrealizationoftheirgoals andtheyhaveonlytofulfillthedomesticduties ThestatusofwomenintheVictorianera 1Marriageandthehome ThelifeofwomeninVictorianerawasgenerallycenteredonfamily TheonlyroleofwomenintheVictorianerawastogetmarried havechildren pleasetheirhusbandsandlookafterthehomelychores 2Divorceandlegaldiscrimination Thelawregardedamarriedcoupleasoneperson Thelawexpectedwomentoobeytheirhusbands judgement Womenhadnopropertyrights evenintheproceedsoftheirownearnings Theyhadnorightstocustody抚养oftheirownchildrenandwereexcludedfromuniversitiesandprofessions 3Victorianmoralityandsexuality Womenwereexpectedtohavesexwithonlyoneman theirhusband However itwasacceptableformentohavemultiplepartnersintheirlife 4Education Theyoungwomenweremainlyeducatedinaccomplishmentslikedrawing painting singing dancing everythingwhichhelpedthemtogetaperfectsuitor Butthemenhadtheopportunitytostudysubjectsofanextended classicalnature Womenwererarelygiventheopportunitytoattenduniversity 5WomenintheworkforceTheexplosivegrowthofindustry especiallythetextileindustry broughthundredsofthousandsofwomenintofactoryjobs Infactories womenwereemployedascheaplaborandwereforcedtodoveryheavyandhardjobsforabouthalftheusualpay Inthisperiod sexualinequalityinpoliti