学人教版选修8Unit2Clone Period1 Reading 课件（80张） (1).ppt

2018届人教版选修8unit2cloning period1reading twins theyarebornnaturallyandidenticalinsexandappearance astrawberryplant thenewplantsthatgrowfromtherunnersareexactcopiesoftheoriginalplant 一株草莓依靠它沿地 爬走 的匍匐茎 一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗 富贵竹插枝即活 thegardenershouldcuttheplant thenthecuttingproduceanothernewplant 1996cloningsheeps 2001cloningcattle 我国成功繁殖克隆兔体形要比普通兔大许多 2002年5月中旬成功地繁殖了一只胚胎细胞克隆兔 2002cloningcats 2002年4月十六日美国第一头克隆牛 艾米 产下牛犊喜作妈咪 2005cloningdogs inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout shareyourlistswithoneanother pre reading 1 whatisaclone acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit 2 howisacloneproduced thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy itcanbedonebytakingcuttings man madecloning orlettingtheproduceitsownrunners naturalcloning thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading 3 whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone squalityoflife suchasparkinson sdiseaseoralzheimer sdisease itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies 4 whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets 1 whatisthemaintopic a cloning b dollythesheep c itwillleadustosomeplaces 2 whatisthewritingstyle a expositive 说明性的 b descriptive c argumentative 议论性的 cloning whereisitleadingus a a scanning learningtips thepassageiswrittenintheexpositivestyle thatistosaythetextisinthethirdpersonandinfactualandformallanguage itgivesdifferentpointsofviewanddoesnottrytopersuadethereadertomakeuphis herownmind 3 dollythesheep a lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg b wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus c lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit d hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep b 4 itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal a usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneb usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginalonec usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloned isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone c 5 whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning a cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes b largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning c cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct d famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned d 6 whichofthefollowingiswrong a clonedpeoplewouldliveforever b clonedpeoplemaybekilledatwillformedicalaid c awomanwouldhavedifficultyrecognizingherrealhusband d menwilldieoutbecauseawomancangivebirthtoababywithoutahusband d 7 whichstatementisnottrue a cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently b twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg c cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney d animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning a 8 thecloningofdollythesheepsucceededbecause a itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsb thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatiencec thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyd manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed b 9 thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecause a itprovidestheeggcellb itgivesbirthtothelambc itprovidesthenucleusd itisafemalesheep10 thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived years a 3b 6c 9d 12 c d 11 themainideaofthetextis a animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld b animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbidden c animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecausedollythesheepwasborn d animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture d 12 whichofthefollowisnotaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext a evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves b animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals c therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings d toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature d 13 wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat a thenormaldevelopmentofdollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies b dolly sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld c dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists d therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning d carefulreading themainideaofeachparagraph cloningis 2 cloninghas uses 3 the ofdolly 4 the ofclonginginsociety 5 theattitudestowardscloning awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant problems twomajor effect ithappensbothin andin theycanbeclonedby and plants animals themselves humans naturalclone man madeclone para1 thedefinitionofcloning 1 howmanymajorusesdocloninghave firstly commercial secondly research 2 howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep 3 whenwasthecloningofdollythesheepborn 3 para2 themajorusesandproceduresofcloning 1996 normally dollylivedforsixyearsandahalfyears halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone para3 theproblemsofdolly theword controversial inpara4probablymeans a complicatedb arguablec important para4 theimpactofdolly b trueorfalse 1 peoplefearedthatclonedhitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld 2 alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden 3 somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway para5 people sreactiontocloning manygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings t t f hitler anevilleader 意大利狂人医生 安蒂诺里 冒死也要克隆人的科学家 布瓦瑟利耶 1readthepassageandanswerthesequestions comprehending 1 whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals 2 whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones cloningplantsisstraightforward butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated 3 whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal atwhatagedidthisclonedie 4 whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries thefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasdollythesheep shediedin2003 cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralandreligiousreasons animalsmaydeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals fillinthechart medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans animalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals evilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings cloningplantscanproduceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals 3whatdoyouthinkisthewriter spointofviewinthisreadingpassage isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit ithinkthewriterisbecause impartial he shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning 1 doyousupporttheideaofproducinghumanembryos 胚胎 formedicalpurposes why 2 doyouthinkitagoodideatouseclonedhumansfororgan 器官 transplants why 3 doyouthinkaclonedhumanshouldhavehumanrights why 4 doyouthinkclonedhumanswillhavethesametalentsastheoriginalones why discussion asacoinhastwosides everythinghastwoaspects first ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous suchas curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants ontheotherhand ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles suchasmoralquestions practiceactivity debate areyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning whatisyourpointofviewonit 1 thishappensinplantswhengardenerstake whentwinsidenticalinsexand 1 whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones whentwinsidenticalin 是两个时间状语从句 when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生 也可以先于主句的动作 don tbeafraidofaskingforhelp itisneeded 03 全国 a unlessb sincec althoughd when languagepoints d 2 happenvi occurbychance takeplace 偶然地 发生 出现happentodo happentosb ithappenedthat happeningn 事件 偶然发生的事 常用复数 辨析 happen occur takeplace与comeabout四词都有 发生 之意 但有区别 happen是一般用语 词义较广 强调事情发生的偶然性 occur用法较正式 既可以指自然发生 也可以指有意安排 碰巧 某人 发生什么事了 碰巧 1 whendidtheexplosion 2 importantelections thisfall 3 theconcertwill nextsunday 4 howdidthequarrel occur takeplace comeabout happen usetheabovewordstofilltheblanks takeplace一般指有计划 按事先安排的进行的含义 comeabout往往注重事情发生的原因 常与how连用 以上四组词均为不及物动词 无被动语态 2 straightforwardadj 简单的 易懂的 坦诚的 坦率的straightforwardlyadv 率直地 坦诚地straightforwardnessn 率直jackisrough butalwaysstraightforward installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness 3 undertakevt undertook undertaken 着手做 从事 进行 担任 承担 答应 同意 theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake ofcourse 当然 这个过程很难实施 thescientistundertakestheexperiment 科学家从事这项实验 icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges 我愿意承担这些变革的责任 完成下列句子 1 thelawyer anewcase 那个律师接了一个新的案子 2 hewill nextmonth 去旅行 3 he 承担一项新任务 undertook undertookanewtask undertakeajorney 4 payoff 事业 计划等 成功 付清薪水并解雇 偿还 债务等 atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaidoff 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 hepaidoffthecrewoftheship 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇 intheendhepaidoffallhisdebts 最终他还清了所有的债务 payback报答 报复 用介词back off to 填空 1 youreffortissuretopay thankyouforyourencouragement2 thesupermarket whichhehadeverpaidavisit wasburnttotheground 3 howcanipayyou forallyourkindness 4 well aftertheseyears we veatlastpaid allourdebts off to back off containv 包含 含有2 neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词短语作后置定语 修饰其前面的名词genes 构成动宾搭配关系 5 thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因 辨析 contain与includecontain 包含 含有 侧重于包含的内容或成分 里面装有 include 包括 侧重范围或整体 e g 1 whisky alargepercentageofalcohol 2 thebook fortymaps threeofgreatbritain contains contains including 6 thenucleusfromsheepbandtheeggcellfromsheepaarejoinedusingelectricity 从绵羊b中取出的细胞核与从绵羊a中取出的卵细胞用电流使之结合 1 usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语 2 联手 携手参加活动和某人一起做事参军 连起来 joinhands joininsth doingsth joinsb insth joinup 辨析 takepartin join joinin与attendtakepartin指参加某项活动 并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用 join 加入 团体或组织 joinin指参加活动和游戏 joinsb insth 和某人一起做某事 attend参加会议 听演讲 听音乐 参加婚礼 7 thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging 多莉看来是在正常地成长着 这很令人鼓舞 thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally 是同位语从句 同位语从句可由when where how why that whether等词引导 先行词多半是idea fact news hope belief thought doubt question等 同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后 用以说明抽象名词的具体内容 有时为了保持句子的平衡 同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面 如 soonwordcamethatwewon 8 thencamethedisturbingnewsthatdollyhadbecomeseriouslyill 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息 本句中 副词then放于句首 主语是名词 news thatdollyhadbecomeseriouslyill 是同位语从句 句子用了倒装语序 inthedarkforests somelargeenoughtoholdseveralenglishtowns 05 辽宁 a standmanylakesb liemanylakesc manylakeslied manylakesstand b disturbingadj thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing 来自前线的消息令人极为不安 disturbvt 扰乱 使不安 弄乱 disturbedadj 被扰乱的 动乱的 不安的 disturbingadj 令人不安的 特别提示 现在分词表示 令人怎么样过去分词表示 被使得怎么样 感到怎么样 如 aninterestingstory令人感兴趣的故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣的表情surprisedpeople 感到 惊奇的人们 用disturb disturbing disturbed填空 1 i mvery aboutalice 2 don t thepapersonmydesk 3 thiscountryisina state 4 what newsitis 5 alightwind thesurfaceofthewater disturbed disturb disturbing disturbing disturbed 9 castdown使沮丧 毁掉 常用于被动语态或作表语 cloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatdolly sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal 克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上 不要这么沮丧 打起精神来 don tbesocastdown justkeepupyourspirits castaway丢弃castoff放弃 丢弃castout赶走 将下列句子译成英语 1 听到这个消息他很沮丧 2 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧 hewascastdowntohearthenews findingoutthetruthmadehimcastdown 10 altogether和alltogether及together1 altogetheradv 总共 完全地 总之 总而言之youoweme68rmbaltogether yourworkisaltogetherperfect 2 alltogether全部在同一地方或同一时间canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox 3 togetheradv 在一起 共同地allhistroubleseemedtocometogether he sbad tempered selfishand anunpopularman a thereforeb altogetherc otherwised anyhow b 11 objectv objectionn 反对 不赞成ontheotherhand dolly sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination 另一方面 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对 激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力 ifeelastrongobjectiontogettingupearly 我极不愿意早起 haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow 你反对我打开窗子吗 objectvi weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis 我们抗议这种待遇 iobjecttotheplan 我反对这项计划 objectvt iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition 我提出反对意见 他太年轻不适合那个职位 objectto doing sth object that从句objection是名词 常与have take feel等连用have take feelobjectionto doing sth 即时练习 句型转换haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow wouldyou myopeningthewindow 2 takeobjectiontosmoking i smoking 3 butheistooyoung sheargued she thathewastooyoung objectto objectto objected 12 itsuddenlyopenedeveryone seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillness andeventoproducehumanbeings 突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病 甚至克隆出人的可能性 本句中of和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语 修饰前面的名词possibility 注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时 一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化 atthebeginningofclass thenoiseofdesks couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom 07 全国ii a openedandclosedb tobeopenedandclosedc beingopenedandclosedd toopenandclose c 解析 答案c 题意为 开始上课时 开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到 本题考查动名词的用法 thenoise是句中主语 of后应接动名词复合结构 desks是逻辑主语 因为 课桌 与 开关 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系 故须用动名词的被动形式beingopenedandclosed 13 attainvt 获得 尤其指经过努力 达到 年龄 水平 状况等 heattianedsuccessthroughhardwork heattainedtheageof25beforemarriaging 比较 obtainvt 经买 借 拿等 获得 得到某物healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants wherecaniobtainacopyofherlatestbooks 14 forbidvt forbade forbidden 禁止 不许 妨碍 阻止governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing 政府开始感到不安 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究 smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces 公共场所应禁止吸烟 herfatherforbidhertogooutalone 她父亲不许她单独外出 iforbidyouenteringmystudy 我不许你进入我的书房 forbidsb todo forbidsb fromdoingsth 禁止某人做某事forbidsth 禁止某事与forbid结构相同的词有 permitsbtodo permitdoingsth允许某人做某事 允许做某事 allowsb todo allowdoingsth允许某人做某事 允许做某事 advisesb todo advisedoingsth 建议某人做某事 建议做某事 1 theschool 禁止学生吸烟 2 heisforbiddento 进入这个房间 3 therearelawsinsomecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements atinappropriatetimesandplaces a b