高考英语译林版必修三学案探究：Unit 3 Period Two Word版含答案.doc

period twoword power & grammar and usage.重点单词1extreme adj.极度的；极端的extremely adv.极其，非常2bone n骨骼，骨头3wooden adj.木制的wood n木材；木头4leather n皮革.重点短语1put out公布，发布；扑灭2take.as an example以为例3pay attention to注意4take part in参加；参与5in good condition状态良好6be of great value很有价值7come to达到，进入(某种状态).重点句式1as引导原因状语从句this means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。2have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事during these years i have had the chance to explore many different places in china and throughout the world.在这些年期间，我有机会探索了中国和世界各地的许多不同地方。3either.or.或者或者people either tried to flee or stayed in their houses.人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。重点词汇1on the world heritage list put out by unesco，altogether there are about 900 world heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产名录中，一共有大约900处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。put out公布，发布；出版；熄灭，扑灭put down放下，记下；镇压put off推迟put on穿上，戴上；演出；增加(体重等)put aside把放一边；储存备用put away把收起；放好；抛弃，放弃(想法等)put up举起；建立；张贴；短期住宿put together组合，放在一起(1)the government will put out a new statement tomorrow.政府将于明天发布一项新声明。(2)this magazine is put out every friday.这份杂志每周五出版。(3)they quickly put out the fire.他们迅速将火扑灭了。单项填空(4)were trying to a few hundred dollars every month for our vacation.aput off bput downcput out dput aside答案d解析句意为：我们正在尽量每月存几百美金以供度假之用。put aside储存(钱)备用，符合句意。put off推迟；put down写下，镇压；put out扑灭。故答案为d。(5)too much meat and sugar may cause you to weight very easily.aput up bput off cput on dput down答案c解析 句意为：太多的肉和糖会使你的体重很容易增加。put on weight体重增加。故选c。2take the ancient roman city pompeii as an example.以古罗马庞贝城为例。take.as an example以为例；以为榜样for example例如set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样follow/copy ones example效仿某人，以某人为榜样(1)if you take her as an example，one day you will become a great scholar.如果你以她为榜样，总有一天你会成为博学之士。(2)i must set an example to this young friend.我一定要给这个小朋友做个榜样。(3)hes decided to follow/copy his fathers example and study law.他决定效仿其父亲学习法律。单项填空(4)i will show you how to hit the ball and then you must my example.acopy blistencset dmake答案a解析表达“照某人的样子去做，效仿某人”，应用copy/follow ones example。3his devotion to the study of loulan has made him a famous expert in this field.他专心研究楼兰，这使他成为该领域的知名专家。(1)devotion n挚爱；忠诚；热心；献身(2)devote vt.致力于；献身devote sth.to (doing) sth.把某物(时间、钱、精力等)献给某事物/用于(做)某事devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于或致力于(做)某事(3)devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于或献身于(做)某事(1)his devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。(2)he devoted his energies to writing films.他致力于电影剧本的创作。单项填空(3)after she retired，she most of her time to housework and bringing up her grandchildren.aspent btookcprovided ddevoted答案d解析根据题干中的介词to可知应选d。devote.to.把献给；spend常与介词on或in连用。4what has the world come to when the past matters more than the present？当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？come to达到(某一状况)come to sth.谈及，涉及；合计，共计；达到(某状况)，结果是come to sb.(主意)被某人想出，在某人的脑海中浮现come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉when it comes to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时(1)what will the world come to when all the animals die out some day？当将来某一天所有动物都灭绝的时候，世界将会是什么样子？(2)the bill came to 30.账单共计30美元。(3)the idea came to him when he took a bath.他洗澡时想出了这个主意。单项填空(4)when it advertisements，we must use our intelligence and not be a slave to them！(2017如东高级中学高一期中)asticks to bcomes tocgoes to doccurs to答案b解析句意为：当说到广告的时候，我们所有人都必须使用我们的智慧而不要成为它们的奴隶。固定句型：when it comes to sth.“当说到某事的时候”，故选b。经典句式1this means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。(1)as作连词，除引导原因状语从句外，还可引导以下几种状语从句。方式状语从句，意为“像，按照的方式”；时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边一边；当时”；让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，必须使用倒装，即把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词的一部分提至as前。(2)as作介词，意为“作为；如同”。(3)as作关系代词，引导定语从句。(4)as作副词，接连接词as，意为“同样地”，否定句中也可用so代替as。(1)as the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk.因为天气好，我们决定去散步。(2)every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did.就像老师那样，每个学生也把一根手指放在他们的嘴里。(3)as she grew older，she gained confidence.随着年龄的增长，她的自信心增强了。(4)happy as they were，there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。单项填空(5)what do you think of the film the girl with the dragon tattoo?i think it is so wonderful a hit most film fans are crazy about.(2018无锡江阴四校高一期中)athat bascwhich dso答案b解析分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词a hit前有so修饰，关系词在从句中作about的宾语，故用关系代词as。2people either tried to flee or stayed in their houses.人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。(1)either.or.意为“或者或者；不是就是”，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。本句中either.or.连接tried和stayed两个并列的谓语。(2)either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。(3)若要对either.or.句型进行否定，只需把either.or.换成neither.nor.即可，neither.nor.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词也遵循“就近原则”。(1)when the girl is happy，she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(2)either you or i am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。(3)neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不擅长绘画。单项填空(4)when shall i call，in the morning or afternoon? .ill be in all day.aany bnonecneither deither答案d 解析句意为：我什么时候打电话过来，早晨还是下午？都可以，我一直都在。根据句意可知，是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。a、b两项通常都表示三者或三者以上的情况；neither表示两者都不；either表两者中选择其一。故d项符合题意。.单词拼写1he lives in a state of extreme(极度的) poverty.2many people complain(抱怨) that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.3he almost choked to death on a fish bone yesterday.4after many experiments，he finally succeeded in finding the solution to the difficult problem.5there is a wooden bridge over the river.选词填空6the fire was finally put out after the building had been on fire for two hours.7generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.8how many countries took part in the last olympic games?9i never expected those few items to come to so much.10i dont care about the price，as long as the car is in good condition.完成句子11我很荣幸有机会和你讲话。it is my honor to have the chance to speak to you.12由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。as he was in a hurry，he left this bag home.13你可以乘坐地铁也可以乘坐巴士去那儿。you can go there either take the subway or take a bus.14在那段糟糕的时期，我们没有食物吃，也无处藏身。at that terrible period of time，we had no food to eat and nowhere to hide.15她致力于自己的事业，一生也没有结婚。she devoted herself to/was devoted to her career and never married all her life.单项填空16 ，the football game has been decided not to be put off.aheavily as did it rainbas it rained heavilycheavily as it raineddas heavily as it rained答案c解析此处为as引导的倒装句，其形式为n./adj./adv./v.as主语其他。只有c项符合句式要求。 17either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.aare bischave dbe答案b解析either.or.连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。故本题谓语动词的单复数形式要与one of your students保持一致，应用单数形式。18i think tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or his job.aquits bto quitcquitting dquit答案d解析either.or.连接两个并列成分，前后形式上要保持一致，空处与study相呼应，用动词原形，故答案选d。19 it comes to traffic rules，i often come across such cases the local drivers obviously know them but wont follow them.aif；why bwhen；whichconce；as dwhen；where答案d解析句意为：说到交通规则，我经常遇到这种情况：当地司机显然知道这些规则，但是不愿意遵守。when it comes to sth.当提及的时候；cases为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故第二空用关系副词where。20there is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2018沭阳高级中学高一期中)awhere bthatcwhen das答案d解析as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话的内容。故选d项。用所给动词的适当形式填空1my english is poor.im afraid that i cant make myself understood(understand)2the boy returned，with his nose bleeding(bleed)3neither money nor food has(have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.4nobody but tom and jane was(be) there last weekend.5many a person has(have) read the novel.6whether we go to the party or not depends(depend) on the weather.7dont let your son play(play) computer games like this any more.8what the world really needs is(be) more love and less paper work.9the secretary and headmaster is(be) speaking at the meeting now.10i think you cant force your son to go(go) to see her.一、宾语补足语宾语补足语的语法功能是对宾语进行进一步的补充或说明，通常用于以下结构：动词宾语宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、介词短语等均可在句子中充当宾语补足语。1名词作宾补作宾补的名词主要用于说明宾语的身份、职位、用途等。常接名词作宾补的动词有name，call，choose，elect等。he hasnt had anything invented but he calls himself an inventor.他什么都没发明过，却自称发明家。they named their child tom.他们给孩子取名汤姆。2形容词和副词作宾补(1)形容词作宾补时主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词如believe，prove，consider等。the facts proved his imagination groundless.事实证明他的想象是毫无根据的。he beat the bad guy black and blue.他把这个坏蛋打得青一块紫一块。(2)某些副词可用于及物动词或介词with和without后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。i went to her room only to find her out.我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。the woman walked along the river up and down with her head down.那位女士低着头，沿着河岸踱来踱去。3分词(短语)作宾补(1)现在分词(短语)作宾补通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。i am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long.不好意思让您久等了。i found those students studying very hard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力。(2)过去分词(短语)作宾补也常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动或完成，即宾语是过去分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者，或该动作已完成。the teacher wishes such questions discussed after class.老师希望在课后讨论这样的问题。she saw the thief caught by the police.她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。with all the work finished，he accepted the invitation to play football.由于所有作业都完成了，他接受了去踢足球的邀请。注意：作宾补的过去分词多来自及物动词，但也有少数来自不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作已完成，不表示被动。they found all the guests gone when they woke up.醒来时，他们发现所有的客人都走了。4动词不定式(短语)作宾补动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。(1)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope，demand除外)及介词with之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。she asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要我在她不在时接电话。i prefer him not to come.我宁愿他不来。(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符号to须去掉。the teacher made his students finish homework at school.那位老师让他的学生在学校完成家庭作业。(3)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to须去掉。i heard someone knock at the door three times.我听见有人敲了三次门。(4)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去。ill help you (to) clean the room.我将帮你打扫房间。(5)动词believe，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report，think，deny，discover，feel，guess，know，suppose，understand等后的宾语补足语常为“to beadj./n./prep.n.”或“to have过去分词”的形式。they all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这个故事是真实的。i judged him to have been a gambler.我判断他曾是个赌徒。(6)believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report和think等及物动词后的宾补为“to beadj./n./prep.n.”的一般式时，to be可以省略。i thought him (to be) too old for the work.我认为他太老了，不适合做那项工作。i consider it (to be) unwise.我认为此举是不明智的。注意：分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾补的区别：现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不带to的不定式(短语)作宾补表示一个已经完成的具体动作；带to的不定式(短语)作宾补往往表示不定式(短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。对点训练11the manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.ahaving developed bto developcdeveloped ddevelop答案c解析句意为：在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。此题考查的是非谓语动词作感官动词see的宾语补足语。develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词。2days of snowstorms have left the city under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power.ato be trapped btrappedchaving trapped dbeing trapped答案b解析句意为：几天的暴风雪使得这个城市被困在厚厚的冰层下面，而且大约5万个家庭断了电。leave sth.trapped in sth.表示“使被困于”。3if any employee is found information regarding applicants and staff，he or she will be fired immediately.ahaving leaked bleakedcleaking dto be leaking答案c解析句意为：如果任何雇员被发现泄漏有关求职者和员工的信息，他或她就会立刻被解雇。空格部分在本题中作主语补足语，与主语any employee是主动关系，故选c项。4you should understand the traffic rule by now.youve had it often enough.aexplaining bto explaincexplain dexplained答案d解析 考查“have sth.done”结构。句意为：到现在为止你应该懂得交通法规了。已经给你解释过好多次了。5 the yard，i found it with lots of leaves.aentering；covering；fallenbhaving entered；covered；fallingcentering；covering；fallingdentering；covered；fallen答案d解析分析句子结构可知， the yard作状语，enter与句子主语i之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词entering；cove作感官动词found的宾语补足语，it与cover之间是被动关系，故用过去分词covered；第三空格为定语，修饰名词leaves，由句意可知此处表示“落叶”，应用fallen。故选d项。二、主谓一致1单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。this glass works was set up in 1980.这家玻璃厂建于1980年。all possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都试过了。2一些以复数形式出现的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式名词如trousers，scissors，clothes，goods，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但这些名词前若出现a pair of，谓语动词一般用单数。his clothes are good.他的衣服很不错。a pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。3以s结尾的不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式no news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。4集体名词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。nowadays almost every family in the village owns a television.如今村里几乎每家都有一台电视机。his family are all tall.他的家人都很高。类似的集体名词主要有：army，audience，band，class，committee，crowd，government，population，public，staff，team等。(2)有些集体名词如：cattle，folk，people，police，youth等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。there are many people in the meeting room.会议室里有很多人。5代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)不定代词each，every，no等修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和女孩都有一个苹果。every man has his fault.每个人都有缺点。no man is born wise.人非生而知之。(2)如果主语由more than one.或many a.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。more than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过那部电影。(3)主语由both，(a) few，many，several等限定词修饰时，谓语动词要用复数形式。both (of) these films are boring.这两部电影都没意思。few (of) the guests are familiar to us.客人中没有几个是我们熟悉的。(4)such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。such is our plan.我们的计划就是这样。(5)all，most，some等代词作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即其谓语动词的单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。all of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很用功。all of the water is gone.所有的水都用光了。(6)由代词each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，the other作主语，以及由合成代词some (any，no，every)thing (body，one)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。each of the twenty guests was given a present.20位客人每人获赠一份礼品。注意：each用于复数名词后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the students each carry an umbrella.每个学生都带有一把伞。(7)关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数保持一致。those who want to go please sign your name here.想去的人请把名字签在这里。6数词、量词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语通常用单数形式，但当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词常用复数形式。ten billion is a large number.100亿是个大数字。(2)用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。three plus (and) five is (makes，equals，gives) eight.三加五等于八。7用连接词连接的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)用and或both.and.连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。lucy and lily are twins.露茜和莉莉是孪生姐妹。both chapter three and the last chapter are written by professor liu.第三章和最后一章都是由刘教授写的。(2)以or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语的谓语动词形式，通常依据“就近原则”，即人称和数的形式与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。you or he is wrong.不是你错了，就是他错了。not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅那位老师喜欢踢足球，他的学生也喜欢。(3)当主语后面有with，together with，like，except，but，no less than，as well as 等词时，谓语动词不受这些词的影响，仍然与主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.这个老师连同一些学生正在参观工厂。he as well as i wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。8从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时的主谓一致(1)在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。若动词不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。what caused the accident is a complete mystery.事故是由什么引起的完全是个谜。what his father left him are a few english books.他父亲留给他的只是几本英语书而已。to learn english well is difficult.学好英语是困难的。(2)以who，why，how，whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。why she did this is not known.她为什么做这件事还不清楚。对点训练21nobody except bill and john entered the second round of the interview.(2018宿迁高一期中)ahave bhaschas been dhave been答案b解析句意为：除了比尔和约翰，没有人进入第二轮面试。当except连接两个主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语来判断，即nobody是句子主语，所以谓语用单数；另外，根据句意可知，此处没有被动的意思。故选b。类似的as well as，together with，along with，but等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数均与其前面的主语保持一致。2the basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.awere bwascis dare答案b解析题干主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team，谓语动词的单复数与as well as前的the basketball coach保持一致，应用单数形式，排除a、d两项；根据时间状语shortly after the match可以推断出应用一般过去时。故选b项。3during the time at night，the father enjoys watching tv，while the mother together with her three children fond of listening to popular songs.ais barecwas dwere答案a解析 当主语后带有together with短语时，句中的谓语仍然和前面的主语一致，不受together with短语的干扰。根据enjoys和the mother可知，第二个分句也应用一般现在时。4every means ，but none proved successful.ahave tried bhave been triedchas tried dhas been tried答案d解析句意为：所有的办法都试过了，但是没有一个成功。名词means由every修饰，谓语动词要用单数形式；means意为“方法”，与动词try是动宾关系，故选d。5it is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.aare being built bwere being builtcwas being built dis being built答案d解析句意为：据报道，现在灾区有很多新房子正在被建造。many a后接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；根据句意，这里表示房子正在被建造，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。1i need a new passport so i will have to have my photograph .(2018天津，7)ataking btakencbeing taken dtake答案b解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth.done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。2the publication of great expectations，which both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017江苏，24)ais barecwas dwere答案c解析句意为：远大前程这部小说的出版获得了广泛认可和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。由于which引导定语从句，指代“远大前程的出版”这件事，且在从句中作主语，故be动词用单数，由strengthened可知用过去时态，故答案选c。3back from his twoyear medical service in africa，dr lee was very happy to see his