高考英语译林版必修三学案探究：Unit 3 Period One Word版含答案.doc

建于1831年的伦敦桥在1962年被拆掉，然而1971年这座桥出现在了美国加州。in 1962，london bridge was falling down.built in 1831，the bridge couldnt handle the everincreasing flow of traffic across the thames river.the british government decided to put the bridge up for sale，and robert mcculloch，founder of lake havasu city，arizona，submitted the winning bid of 2,460,000.the bridge was taken down，and each stone was numbered.everything was shipped 10,000 miles to long beach，california，and then trucked to lake havasu city.reconstruction began on september 23,1968, with a ceremony including the lord mayor of london，who laid the cornerstone.on october 10,1971，the bridge was rebuilt.to reach the bridge from i40，we recommend going south on arizona highway 95，then turn left (east) on mesquite avenue.turn right on lake havasu avenue nand then right again on mcculloch boulevard nto drive over the bridge.just after turning onto mcculloch boulevard n， youll cross over arizona highway 95.before you reach the actual london bridge，its best to turn left into the small parking lot near the london bridge resort.its an easy walk along the lower edge of the bridge to the promenade(散步) for photos.once you walk west under the bridge，youll see a walkway which leads up to the london bridge visitors center where there are some historical photos and other information about the bridge and other attractions and places of interest within about a 100mile radius(半径) of lake havasu city.lake havasu city，which got its start as an army air corps rest camp during world war ，now has over 1,000 businesses，two newspapers and a college.remember that the next time a man comes up to you and offers to sell you a used bridge! 根据上面短文回答下列问题1why was london bridge falling down?because the bridge could hardly support so many cars and trucks.2why was each stone numbered when the bridge was taken down?because they wanted to put each stone in its original place when rebuilding it.3what is the best place to park your car?the small parking lot.period onewelcome to the unit & reading.重点单词1found vt.兴建，创建founded(过去式)founded(过去分词)2erupt vi.(火山等)爆发eruption n爆发3pour vi.涌流，倾泻；vt.倒出(液体)4unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的5decorate vt.装饰，装潢6flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开fled(过去式)fled(过去分词)7destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁8commercial adj.商业的，贸易的9wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n财产，财富10gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地11cultural adj.文化的culture n文化12ruin n废墟；毁坏；vt.破坏，毁灭13remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸remain v保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留14material n材料；物质；adj.物质的15explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸.重点短语1be known as作为而出名2take over夺取；接管3pour out倒出；涌出；吐出，尽情诉说4cause/do damage造成破坏5decorate.with.用装饰6turn out结果是，证明是7fail to do sth.未能做某事8break down损坏；崩溃；瓦解；出故障9together with与一起；和一同，连同10cut down砍伐；削减；砍倒.重点句式1介、副词短语位于句首引起的倒装near the city was a volcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。2sb./sth.be believed to do.it is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。.课文阅读理解1from the lecture ann knew a lot about pompeii except .awhen pompeii was foundedbwhen pompeii was taken over by the romanscwhen pompeii was burieddwhen pompeii was discovered答案d2who discovered pompeii?aa farmer.ban archaeologist.ca visitor. dsven hedin.答案a3which of the following statements is not true about loulan?ait was on the famous silk road.bit was a wealthy commercial city.cit disappeared suddenly.dit was discovered by sven hedin.答案c4from the passage we know that .aboth pompeii and loulan existed at the same time in historybboth pompeii and loulan were destroyed for the same reasoncboth pompeii and loulan were once a rich citydboth pompeii and loulan were discovered by a foreigner答案c5the purpose of writing this passage is .ato show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sitesbto arouse peoples sense of protecting civilizationscto compare the civilizations of pompeii and loulandto tell us how pompeii and loulan were destroyed答案b.课文阅读填空a.dateactionsemotions15th julywe were in italy.feel 1.lucky.16th julywe attended a 2.lecture about pompeii.how unfortunate！17th julyi saw the 3.ancient roman city of pompeii.how amazing！24th julywe arrived in loulan.so excited to be here！25th julya professor told us the 4.discovery of loulan and we saw its present situation.what a pity！b.pompeiitimeeventin the 5.8th century bcit was founded.in 89 bcit was taken 6.over by the romans.on 24th aug.ad 79the volcano near the city 7.erupted.in 1860it was put under government protection.loulan2,000 years agoit existed as a 8.commercial city.from ad 200 to ad 400it was covered over gradually by 9.sandstorms.100 years agoit was 10.discovered by a european explorer.is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the amber room or yuan ming yuan in beijing? give your reasons. 重点词汇1the city was founded in the 8th century bc.这座城市建立于公元前8世纪。(1)found vt.兴建，创建，创办be founded on/upon建立在之上；以为依据(2)foundation n基础；地基；基金会(1)the peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。(2)this story is founded on/upon facts.这个故事是有事实依据的。(3)she plans to start a foundation for homeless children.她计划为无家可归的孩子们建立一个基金会。(2016江苏)单项填空(4)sun yatsen the first republic in china in 1911 after he fought for the chinese people for many years.afound bfoundedchad founded dfounding答案b解析句意为：孙中山在为中国人民斗争了多年之后在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。根据句子中的时间状语in 1911，可知本句是在描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。(5) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ato found bfoundingcfounded dhaving founded答案c解析句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对艺术的热爱。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，又因the school与found之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作状语。故选c。2in 89 bc，the romans took over pompeii.公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城。take over夺取；接管take on从事(某项工作)；雇用；呈现(面貌)take up占据；从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)take off起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功；(事业等)腾飞take in吸收；欺骗；理解take out拿出，掏出；把带出去take down记录下来；拆除take to养成的习惯；喜欢上；适应(1)my time is fully taken up with writing.我把时间全都用在了写作上。(2)it was several minutes before i could take in what he was saying.过了好几分钟，我才理解他在说什么。(3)many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。(2016江苏)单项填空(4)when did you staying up so late?when i entered this school two years ago，where students have too much homework to do.atake in btake onctake over dtake to答案d解析句意为：什么时候你养成了熬夜的习惯？当我两年前进入这所学校时，这里的学生们有太多的作业要做。take in吸收，欺骗，理解；take on从事(某项工作)，雇用，呈现(面貌)；take over夺取，接管；take to 养成的习惯，喜欢上，适应。根据题意选d。3i saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.我看见了好几所装饰有壁画的房子。(1)decorate vt.装饰，装潢decorate.with.用装饰(2)decoration nu装饰；c装饰品(1)they decorated the room with flowers and balloons.他们用花和气球装饰了房间。(2)we put christmas decorations on the tree.我们把圣诞饰物挂在了树上。单项填空(3)the wedding is near，so linda is occupied with the work of her new house now.arepairing bmendingcdecorating dselling答案c解析句意为：婚期将近，因此琳达现在正忙于布置新房。repair/mend修理，修补；decorate装饰，布置；sell卖。结合句意可知c项正确。4it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。turn out结果是，证明是；生产turn on打开turn off关掉turn over移交；(使)翻转turn down关小，调低(热度、音量等)；拒绝turn up调大，开大(热度、音量等)；到来；露面；被发现，被找到turn in上交；上缴turn into (使)变成，转变为(1)if the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans.万一那天下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。(2)turn on the light.its too dark to see.把灯打开。太暗了，看不见。(3)they offered her the job but she turned it down.他们要给她那份工作，但她拒绝了。单项填空(4)in some way，uncontrolled information from the internet that many people get access to false.(2018南京师大附中高一期中)aturns out bturns incturns up dturns down答案a解析句意为：在某种程度上，很多人从因特网上获得的不受控制的信息证明是错误的。turn out结果是，证明是，生产； turn in上交，上缴； turn up到来，露面，被发现，被找到； turn down关小，调低，拒绝。根据句意，故选a项。flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开flee (from).从逃跑flee to/into.逃往，逃到flee for ones life逃命flee to safety逃到安全的地方(5)the enemy had fled (from) the village when our men arrived.我们的人到达时，敌人已逃离村子了。(6)the child fled to his mother for safety.小孩逃向他的妈妈以寻求安全。(7)when the volcano erupted，the villagers fled for their lives.当火山爆发时，村民们都逃命去了。单项填空(8)all the teachers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened.aflee bpourcslide dslip答案a解析句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼。flee逃离，符合语境，故选a。pour倾倒；slide滑行；slip滑跤。(9)he the cave before the police arrived，but he failed.amanaged to flee away frombtried fleeing out ofcmanaged fleeingdtried to flee答案d解析句意为：他试图在警察到达之前逃离山洞，但他失败了。flee (from) sp.逃离某地；manage to do sth.设法做成了某事；try to do sth.努力做某事，未必成功。根据后面but he failed可知没有成功，故选d。break down分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚；失败，瓦解；(情绪失控而)痛哭，大哭break up破裂，解散；破碎break in闯进；打断break into闯入；侵占break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)爆发break through突破；冲破；有重要发现(10)her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。(11)the washing machine seems to have broken down again.洗衣机好像又发生故障了。(12)its very impolite of you to break in while were talking.你打断我们的谈话是很不礼貌的。单项填空(13)what is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to our wastes.abreak down btake downcput down dwrite down答案a解析句意为：众所周知，土壤里的细菌能够帮助分解我们的废弃物。break down分解，发生故障，身体垮掉，汽车抛锚，失败，瓦解；take down记下，拆除；put down放下，镇压；write down写下，记下。根据题意可知选a。5a scholar from the local cultural institute，professor zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the european explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of the loulan kingdom.当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。ruin n.废墟，遗迹(常用作复数形式)；毁坏；vt.毁灭，使破产in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落fall/come into ruin衰落，败落ruin ones hope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康/名誉(1)after the earthquake，we can see the ruins of the village.地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。(2)the heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。(3)years of fighting has left the area in ruins.几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。易混辨析ruin，damage，destroy三个词都有“毁灭，破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同。ruin指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。damage指程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。单项填空(4)“if you go on stealing，you will your bright future，young man！” said the judge.(2016射阳二中高一月考)adestroy bdamagecruin dbreak答案c解析句意为：法官说：“如果你继续偷窃，你会毁了你光明的前途，年轻人！”destroy严重损坏；damage部分性损坏；ruin损坏某种好的或有用的东西；break弄坏。此处指使人的前途破灭，故用ruin。故选c。6sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings.斯文发现了那深埋于沙下的古建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶，像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。(1)remains npl.古代遗物，古迹，遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜(2)remain vi.留下，剩下，残留(不用进行时，无被动)；保持，仍然，继续remain形容词/名词/分词/介词短语保持/仍然remain to be done有待于被做it remains to be seen whether.尚待分晓；还不确定。(3)remaining adj.剩下的，余下的(1)he remained silent.他保持沉默。(2)the remaining students will serve the audience.剩下的学生将为观众们服务。(3)it remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否正确，尚待分晓。单项填空(4)with several problems to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.(2017射阳二中高一学情调研)aremained bremainingcremain dto remain答案b解析句意为：还有几个剩下的问题要解决，我们仍需尽快地召开一次会议。with的复合结构中，several problems和remain之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。(5)passengers to new york remain at the airport due to the increasingly heavy fog.(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)ato be stuck bstickingcstuck dbeing stuck答案c解析remain是连系动词，stuck是过去分词在句中作表语，表示一种状态，意思是“滞留在，困在”。经典句式1near the city was a volcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语，主语是名词而不是代词，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等动词时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构。(1)on the door hung a big sign.门上挂着一个大招牌。(2)here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。(3)in a lecture hall of a university in england sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。单项填空(4)on the small island，which is at the entrance to new york harbor， .(2018南通天星湖中学高一检测)athe statue of liberty standsbstands the statue of libertycdoes the statue of liberty standddoes stand the statue of liberty答案b解析句意为：在纽约港的入口处的那个小岛上，矗立着自由女神像。此处为表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词为stand，常用完全倒装结构。故正确答案为b。2it is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。(1)句中it指代loulan。sb./sth.is believed to do.是个固定句型，根据动词不定式与believe动作之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)还是完成式(to have done)。这种结构常可转换为it is believed that.，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，且that不能省略，意为“人们相信”。(2)类似的结构还有：it is said that.据说it is announced that.据宣布it is supposed that.人们认为it is wellknown that.众所周知it is reported that.据报道it is hoped that.人们希望it is thought that.人们认为(1)tom is believed to have left the country.it is believed that tom has left the country.人们相信汤姆已经离开了这个国家。(2)she is said to want to become a teacher in the future.it is said that she wants to be a teacher in the future.据说她将来想当老师。单项填空(3)tom is said his homework when his mother came back.(2018宿迁高一期中)afinished bto finishcto have finished dhaving finished 答案c解析句意为：据说汤姆的妈妈回来的时候，他已经完成了家庭作业。sb.be said to have done sth.据说某人已经做了某事。完成作业是在他妈妈回来之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故选c项。难句分析1when i walked around the city，i saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!句式分析when引导时间状语从句，主句的主干是i saw streets，而as they had been用作方式状语，介词短语with stepping stones along the road是streets的定语，连词so后接结果状语从句。自主翻译当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！2the desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!句式分析本句是并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构，city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。自主翻译这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，导致了这座城市被沙尘掩埋多么遗憾啊！.单词拼写1gradually(渐渐地)，those teachers became aware that they were in danger of losing their jobs.2a bomb exploded at a busy railway station this morning，causing the deaths of 74 people.3the 1987 hurricane(飓风) was the worst natural disaster to hit england for decades.4harvard university was founded in 1636 and named after john harvard.5i wonder if there is a bank nearby(在附近)6commercial(商业的) television is an effective medium for advertising.7every room in that house was well decorated(装饰)8a wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.选词填空9his hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.10if george keeps on working so hard，hell break down sooner or later.11when she fell ill，her daughter took over the business from her.12she was known as a famous singer at that time.13the spring festival didnt turn out as exciting，which was beyond our expectation.完成句子14雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。the snow lasted for a week，resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.15墙上悬挂的是他三十多岁时的画作。on the wall hang the paintings done by him when he was in his thirties.16我去拜访他，结果却发现他出去了。i went to visit him only to find him out.17据说它是著名的丝绸之路上的一个歇脚点。it is said to be a stopping point/said that it was a stopping point on the famous silk road.18这个公园真漂亮！how beautiful the park is!what a beautiful park it is!.单项填空19did you the time of the highspeed trains to shanghai.yes，the early train is to leave at 530 am.(2018泰州高一期中)aturn up blook upcbreak up dget up答案b解析句意为：你查了去上海的高速列车的时间吗？是的，早班车是早上530 出发。look up 查阅，符合题意。故选b项。20in front of the famous big trees a family， the parents treat their child like a friend.(2018无锡江阴四校高一期中)alives；where bwere；which csettle；while dstaying；who答案a解析第一空是介词短语in front of the famous big trees放在句首，后面用全部倒装，live 的单复数与a family 保持一致，用lives；第二空是定语从句的连接词，a family 在后面从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 故选a项。21after the dinner party，most guests left，with only two of them in the host family， them clear up.(2017江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)aremaining；helped bremaining；helpingcremained；helped dremained；helping答案b解析句意为：宴会结束后，大多数客人离开了，只有两个人留在主人家，帮助他们收拾干净。with的复合结构，two of them与remain、help之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选b。22shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs in central london.aemployed bexploredcexploited dexploded答案d解析句意为：两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后，购物者们惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。employ雇用；explore勘探，探测；exploit开发，开拓；explode爆炸。结合句意可知选d。23my father returned to his car， one of the windows was broken by someone and his briefcase was gone.aonly to find bfindchaving been found dfound答案a解析句意为：当我爸爸回到车上时，却发现一扇车窗被人砸破，并且他的公文包也不见了。only to do sth.在此表示出乎意料的结果。.单项填空1the committee is discussing the problem right now.it will have been solved by the end of next week.aeagerly bhopefullycimmediately dgradually答案b解析句意为：委员会目前正在讨论这个问题，该问题有望在下周末被解决。eagerly急切地；hopefully有希望地；immediately立刻；gradually逐渐地。故b项符合句意。2here ！here with a young lady.acomes my brother；comes hebmy brother comes；he comesccomes my brother；he comesdmy brother comes；comes he答案c解析表示方位的副词here位于句首，且第一句的谓语动词为comes，主语是名词my b