英语系学士学位论文-浅析嘉莉妹妹中嘉莉对幸５淖非aspan class=ml10 gray2012-12-15span class=download2mobile search-download2mobile data-docid=908d584aa8956bec0975e378a href=jav

装订线安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书安徽工业大学工商学院英语系学士学位论文 On Carries Pursuit of Happiness in Sister Carrie浅析嘉莉妹妹中嘉莉对幸福的追求专 业 英 语姓 名 X X X届 别 2006 届学 号 XXXXX指导老师 X X X导师职称 教 授2010年5月4日AcknowledgementsI cant truly express how grateful I am to all who have helped me complete this thesis. Much of my success in finishing this journey is because of the support of several wonderful individuals.I give my extreme heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Liu aiping, who has guided me and assisted me all through my writing of this thesis with utmost patience and understanding. His keen insights and special perspectives have always inspired me into a new world of wonder when I faced seemingly impossible academic missions. Without his generous help, I could hardly complete my project. Professor Liu aiping offered me invaluable materials, advice and overall dedication to the work. It is his passion that has inspired my passion for this field now.My special gratitude go to my roommates, who have sacrificed their spare time to read my thesis and made some corrections on it. They gave me great help with their valuable guidance, careful correction and unfailing patience.My great appreciation also goes to my numerous friends for their encouraging and kind words of support.I am indebted to all people who have given me a hand on my way to the academic fulfillment and achievement.摘 要德莱塞是美国历史上著名的作家。写作风格主要是自然主义，他创造了美国文学的新纪元，并且影响了许多当代作家，使他们都成为了他的追随者。嘉丽妹妹被公认为德莱塞自然主义作品中的杰作。小说主要通过分析嘉丽妹妹对幸福的追求探索嘉利妹妹性格。每个人都有自己的追求，如对美貌、地位、金钱等等的追求。然而，有些人总是追求那些永远都无法得到的东西。本篇论文主要讽刺那些永远不满足，永远想往上爬却不管付出任何代价，不管对别人的伤害有多大的人。另外，从本篇论文中我们也可了解为什么有的人总是沉浸在梦想中。通过研究嘉丽妹妹对幸福的追求，我们也可从中得到教训，并且从教训中探索解决这个普遍的社会问题的方法，从而对社会结构提供一些宝贵经验：年轻人应该自尊自爱，独立自信，并且克服一些因社会环境和遗传造成的困难，而不是随波逐流。为达目的不择手段，梦想是不会实现的，就像嘉丽妹妹的梦想一样。关键词：追求；幸福；影响；梦想Abstract Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding writer in American literary history .Writing in naturalist style, he created a new era of American literature and influenced a good many contemporary writers as well as his followers. Sister Carrie is regarded as the masterpiece of Theodore Dreisers writing skills in naturalist style, the book aims to study Carries characteristic from her pursuit of happiness. Everybody has his own pursuit, such as beauty, status, money, etc. However, somebody pursues the thing that he can never get during all his life. This paper aims to criticize the people who never feel satisfy and always want to get a higher position no matter what the sacrifice is and how harmful it is to others. Besides, from this paper, we can get the idea why one is adjusting in his dream during all his life. By studying Carries pursuit in Sister Carrie, one can criticize its problems and find solution to those universal social problems so as to provide some valuable experience for our socialistic constructions: the youth should be self-respected, self- confident and self-dependent and try to overcome the disadvantageous environmental factors and hereditary factors by ones own ability. Getting everything on the price of others sacrifice, the dream will come to nothing, just like Sister Carries. Key Words : Pursuit 、Happiness、Influence、DreamContentsAcknowledgements.i摘 要.iiAbstract.ii1. Introduction.12. Sister Carries increasing desire.12.1 Sister Carrie. 12.2 Sister Carries pursuit of basic standard of life.22.3 Her pursuit of elegant clothes and comfortable life.22.4 A higher stage of pursuit-higher social position.32.5 Her pursuit of freedom and independence.33. The reasons why Carrie has the endless desire.43.1 The influence of consumption concept then.43.2 Influenced by the goods in the shop window.53.3 Influenced by the people around her.63.4 Her personal characteristics.64. What did Sister Carrie get at last.85. Conclusion.8Bibliography.9On Carries Pursuit of Happiness in Sister Carrie1. IntroductionAn eighteen-year-old girl, who came to Chicago alone to make a living. Sister Carrie wanted to live differently in the big city. However, the flourish and exciting world didnt belong to her. What she faced was the endless wait and disappoint. She was longing for the nice clothes and shoes in the store, the luxurious car and restaurant. But the money that she got in the factory couldnt even afford a jacket, she got sick and lost her job. So when the wealthy Drouet appeared timely again, offered a helping hand and promised a better life or at least a better dwelling, Carrie grasped it and left her poor sister far behind. From that time on, Carrie lost her way, and at last became the person she couldnt even recognize herself. All these were drove by her desire, which was her inner motivation.This paper consists of three parts. The first mainly introduce Carries pursuit of kinds of happiness that means to her, namely fundamental living requirement, comfortable life, higher social position, and freedom and independence. On the second part of the paper, it studies why Carrie never ceased to get what she wanted and never feel satisfied. Social environment, the commodities, people around her, and her natural characteristics are all included. At last, the paper mainly analyses what did Sister Carrie gain on the process of her long last pursuit. 2 . Sister Carries increasing desire2.1 Sister CarrieAs a poor country girl, Carrie said goodbye to her parents and came to pursue happiness. Happiness means to her differs in her situations. Before she got Chicago, living in the city was a happy thing to her. When she was there in winter and out of job, owning that jacket was the greatest happiness. After living together with Drouet, what happiness meant to her were elegant clothes and comfortable life without hard work. However, her pursuit did not end after she was sufficiently furnished by Drouet with fitting clothes and became a pretty maiden. When Hurstwood showed up, although both belonged to the middle class, Hurstwood was much superior to Drouet in appearance, ability, social status, and not to mention his caring and consideration. Carrie then felt Drouets tasteless and ignorance by comparing them two. Therefore, she left Chicago with Hurstwood. There, she abandoned him for his lost of job. At last, when she was famous, living in a luxurious hotel and had a lot of money, happiness maybe mean “that peace and beauty which glimmered afar off.”2.2 Sister Carries pursuit of basic standard of lifeSister Carrie, with the nave and hopeful heart, taking on the train to Chicago. What she had then were one ticket and four dollars, and had no idea what exactly she could get in the city. When she first arrived at her sisters house, she is disappointed at the narrow, humble, and poor-furnished flat and her sisters strained life. Her only relative, her sister Minnie, could not act as a caretaker and even not a companion. Her sisters home was not a real home for her, and she was even required to pay for her board there. So as soon as she arrived in Chicago, she was in the whirl of deficiency. Her situation of deficiency became worse when she lost her scantly-paid job because of her untimely cold. During that situation, her sister and brotherin-law wanted her back, because she cant afford the four dollars rent. However, her failure to find another job in the prosperous city almost called an end to her dream to live in the city. We can image that if Carrie could afford that jacket and keep warm, then she would not fall ill, and maybe she could lived in the city for a long time. But the cruel reality defeated her. Obviously, what Carrie needed at that time was just the basic standard of life-food and clothes. So in her eye, happiness is to have a good meal and have a nice jacket to keep warm. According to Maslows theory, human beings needs usually experience five levels hierarchically, ranging from the physiological need for food, clothes to safety need, belongingness and love need, esteem and self-actualization need. Each satisfied need realize a new and higher need, making desire insatiable. Among them, the physiological need is the most fundamental and also the most powerful one. Controlled by it, one will ignore or push aside other needs until it is satisfied. Ones outlook on life will also be influenced. Carries desire to keep the twenty-dollar bill and to possess the new jacket mainly derived from her physiological need, namely, her need to be full and to be warm, which drove her to grab Drouets extending helping hand after experiencing much struggle in her mind.2.3 Her pursuit of elegant clothes and comfortable lifeLiving with Drouet, Carrie got everything satisfied, nice food and pretty clothes. Although she was troubled in conscience, she found reasons to excuse her. The story reads “There was always an answer, always the December days threatened. She was alone, she was desireful ; she was fearful of the whistling wind. The voice of want made answer for her.” (p72) She was afraid of losing what she had being thrown in the harsh winter wind and the inhumane streets. In other words, she felt insecure after she was full and warm. Attracting Drouet meant a guarantee in life to her at that time. So she wore elegant clothes to make herself attractive, and then she could be given a comfortable life without any hard work. From the book, we can see that Carrie never mention to Drouet that she need to find a job to support the family.It was also her desire for pleasure and her feminine distinction in clothes that made her develop a stronger inclination towards Drouet.Ironically, as soon as Drouet meet her desire for clothes and money, Carrie had the new ideas. Her desire was awakened when walked with Mrs. Haier, watching the villas, the personal carriages, the lawns, and so on. And she was sure of that must be the happiness she want.2.4 A higher stage of pursuit-higher social positionJust as the attraction that Drouet brought to Carrie, the appearance of Hurstwood attracted Carrie. She yields to Hurstwood for a higher social position. There was no great passion in her for Hurstwood, for the latter is a man whose daughter is her age. However, as a successful manager of the finest resort in town, Hurstwood has ease and comfort, his strength is great, his position is high, his clothes rich, and ye he was appealing to her. The first time Hurstwood called Drouet and Carrie, Carrie knows that Hurstwood is “clever than Drouet in a hundred ways.”(76) Though, Carrie knows that it is not good to secretly meet Hurstwood when Drouet is out of the town, she cant resist the temptation of the rich and well-positioned manager who may bring her a more secure life and brighter future. Thats why she soon gives little thought to Drouet, thinking only of the dignity and grace of her new lover- Hurstwood.2.5 Her pursuit of freedom and independenceAfter Hursthood and Carrie elope to New York, Hursthood lost everything: money, social position, and reputation. What makes things worse was that he soon used up his money and couldnt find a job to support himself and Carrie. Carrie soon, observed that the previous admirable manager didnt seem to be as attractive as he was. She even became disguised with the man she ever admired, because he always wore the same jacket that was elegant long ago but then it was out of date in Carries eye. The idea that got away from him was come into being. The man at home already couldnt provide what she wanted any more. On the contrary, he needed money himself to make a living.Later on, when she was in New York with a position in acting and became self-supported, her desire for freedom and independence became greater and greater. She went out with Lora and neglected her dinner at home without an excuse for the first time. From then on, “Her indifference to that flat was even greater.More and more she visit. She put most of her money in clothes.(p303) ”As her situation changed, “The home atmosphere became intolerable.”(p304) Her newly-gained independence in economy enabled her to rethink her relationship with Hursthood, and later with Drouet and the millionaire-wooers. With her newly-gained economic independence, Carrie fully realized that “the newest freedom must not be questioned”(p298) when Hursthood asked about her whereabouts. When she finally decided to leave Hursthood and let herself known as Sister Carrie rather than Mrs. Drouet, Mrs. Hursthood, Mrs. Wheeler or Mrs. Someone, her desire for self-esteem, especially for real freedom and independence was fully awakened and satisfied. Away from men, Carrie became a completely different Carrie: her potentially in acting was released to a greater extent; she became confident and bold enough to add a casual line while acting; she was lifted “above the common run of clothes and material success”(p333); she stayed unmoved before those ingratiating millionaire-wooers; she brushed aside Drouets request to revisit her3. The reasons why Carrie has the endless desire3.1 The influence of consumption concept thenOn the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century America had a profound revolution -for the steady politic and the increasing development of the economy after the American Civil War. The industrialization and the urbanization had reached unheard-of level. Peoples consumption to a large extent was crucial to a further development of economy, which encourages people to craze to vie with each other. The rich could live in villas, wear extravagant clothes, and they were proud of attracting and owning pretty women.Under that social environment, Carrie was longing for possessing goods, especially the new clothes, personal carriage, and so on, to raise her value and social position. So when saw the dazzling array of goods , she cant help feeling that owing these was the most important thing. Even before she got to the city, she had felt the attractiveness of goodsDrouets fashionable clothes. Moreover, she found that her shabby clothes and suitcase could only show her human position after arriving at Chicago. Around her were huge advertising pictures and attractive goods, bitterly she felt that she was just a country girl, and all these flourish didnt belong to her. Therefore all the city adventures thereafter indicated that she wanted to be a citizen, a consumer by all her efforts. People at that time unconsciously judge others solely by their appearance were reasonable, and clothes were one of social languages.3.2 Influenced by the goods in the shop windowThe first time Carrie looked for a job in the street, she had paid attention to the abundant supply of goods. Every ornament and valuable thing had magic power for her, and she viewed that with envy. For her, every kind of thing was useful, and they were needed eagerlyelegant slippers and stockings, the lace, hairbrush, purse, and so on. Whats worse, the well-dressed pretty women looked down upon her, and even couldnt see her, which made her be green with envy. Dimly she realized the fortune, fashion and easiness that the city owns, and wholeheartedly she began to pursue clothes and good-looking.American humanist Marshall Sahlins said “clothes were not only the thing that can keep warm, but also the symbol through which we can see what kind of social group he belongsthe “elegance” that upper class people are supposed to have and the “vulgar” that the poor are supposed to have.” A poor country girl came to a city of fear alone to have her humble social position promoted. However, her simple clothes indicated her low class and cant mention in the same breath with the rich. Ashamed of this, Carrie decided to change her fate.With only four dollars and a half for a week, she got a job in a factory. Having not got the salary, she had arranged it for her clothes, shoes, and so on, which had surpassed her money a lot that she hadnt got. Carrie thought she had got a good opportunity to consume , and she could buy anything she want dauntlessly, thats why o she was eager to invite her sister and brother-in-law to the theater at that night.Magnificent clothes in the stores were a big temptation, and they seemed to whisper softly to her. Carrie felt very glad to listen to them, and the desire to own them became stronger and stronger.3.3 Influenced by the people around herBesides the consumption concept and goods in shop window, her lover Drouet and her neighbors all have influenced her a lot. Drouet was accustomed to pay attention to the well-dressed and pretty woman in the street, commenting them from head to feet. One of Carries characteristics was her ability of comprehension. She would imitate in secret that the others emphasize time and again and praise highly. So the women that Drouet was interested were beard in Carries mind. One night, Drouet praised the grace of Screws daughter when she and her mother walking in the street, which was bared in Carries mind. From Screws daughter, Carrie grasped the key to express womens beauty wholly