住宅节能环保的外文文献翻译.doc

RESIDENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS STEP BY STEP SANDSTROM G GUSTAVSSON S 1INTRODUCTION All too many homeowner level guides to building technology are written by authors who have little more than a homeowner level of understanding themselves No one can make that complaint about Bruce Harley s excellent Cut Your Energy Bills Now 150 Smart Ways to Save Money Big Appliances Hot Water Heating and Cooling Your Leaky House Insulation and Windows and Doors A particular highlight of the Heating and Cooling chapter is an excellent three page section on do it yourself duct sealing that Harley approaches with his usual common sense realism Sealing your leaky air ducts may be the most important single thing you can do to improve the energy performance of your house This can be a big project but it often doesn t require any special skills just a willingness to crawl into some difficult spots and get dirty The accompanying photo spread of the right way to seal leaky metal duct with mastic and fiberglass tape wouldn t be out of place in a technical manual for HVAC professionals but the author never forgets who his readers are Just make sure you don t seal the chimney or furnace flue connector it s not a duct he cautions Furnace flues should be tight and secure but if you see any gaps have a heating contractor fix them never use duct mastic 2 3 Low Cost High Value The longest chapter in the book deals with finding and sealing building envelope leaks appropriately it also precedes the insulation chapter a welcome change from home energy books that extol the benefits of piling added insulation in the attic but give little or no consideration to fixing air leaks As in the section on duct leaks Harley honestly describes the potential size of the problem and the level of effort required to adequately address it His introductory passage perfectly sets the tone for the detailed directions that follow and will bring a rueful smile of recognition to many energy conscious builders In most homes the biggest and most costly leaks which means the biggest opportunities for savings are in the attic or basement Here s why Sealing the living area of your house means keeping out air that comes in from any area of the home that s not heated or air conditioned In most homes basements and attics are big unheated spaces These two areas are typically riddled with holes from pipes wiring ductwork and even interior wall cavities that are open to the attic and basement You don t see these holes from inside your house but they re there and they are sometimes big enough to stick your arm into I ve even crawled through some Attic sealing is a medium size project that can take several hours or several afternoons but it s well worth your time And it should always be tackled before you cover things up by adding more insulation 4SUMMARY In the book s opening sentence Harley states that his goal is to steer you toward value by focusing on steps that are low cost or high benefit some are both He clearly achieves that goal although a few questionable assertions creep in here and there His contention that a light tube or tubular skylight also known as a TDD or tubular day lighting device may eventually pay for itself in saved electricity seems unlikely there are several good reasons to install a TDD but reducing lighting costs probably isn t one of them The author also speaks approvingly of investing 6 000 to 12 000 in a solar hot water heater for domestic hot water noting that it is less expensive and offers a faster payback than today s trendier solar equipment photovoltaic panels In reality many solar thermal systems pay back extremely slowly There s also a substantial and growing body of evidence to suggest that a photovoltaic system in conjunction with net metering and a heat pump water heater may be a 3 more cost effective option than solar thermal see Why Solar Thermal Payback Calculations are Tricky EDU March 2008 Finally there are a few suggestions that while technically sound are unlikely to be followed by many readers such as the recommendation to brush and vacuum the refrigerant coils under the refrigerator at least once every two months or more often if there are pets in the home It may be a good idea but it s just not going to happen All in all though Cut Your Energy Bills Now offers a lot of bang for the buck It covers a great many things that homeowners should know without getting bogged down in complex and to most homeowners potentially confusing subjects like mechanical ventilation If I were running a utility efficiency program I d find a way to buy this book in bulk sell it at cost or give it away to customers and consider it money well spent 4 住宅节能分步 SANDSTROM G GUSTAVSSON S 1 引言 有太多的关于没有比作者自己是房主更了解的建筑技术水平的指南 没有人能对布 鲁斯哈雷的有效降低能源法案投诉 150个聪明省钱的聪明让你的家更舒适和绿色 见图 9 作为一名工程师和知名能源专家 哈利知道他的方式 围绕鼓风机门 同样重要的 是 他写的清楚顺畅 并不会尝试做太多 只达122页 丰富的拍照和插图的书是足够短 的 其实可以像坐在动机房主和阅读覆盖整个事情 而不是在简单地翻转与压胶枪横行 运行之前通过 2 系统方法 长期的经验来看 哈利开始描述系统的方法 通过他将引导读者 在我们开始之前 看项目本身 我们将谈论的房子一系列制度 并使用这些系统的方法能源 他写道 了解你的能源使用将帮助您创建一个策略 你的作品和将帮助您把握机会 以减少每 当你做其他工作时需要的费用或杠杆利益从而重塑你的房子 我将提供一个有关您家健 康康和安全的对环境影响的概述 然后我会告诉你如何得到外界的帮助 若你需要它 经济上的帮助 技术帮助和承包商帮助 这将帮助您计划未来 这样你就可以从这些步 骤和最低的成本以及精力的项目中获得最大的利益 遵循大量总结住宅能源可能性的范围的七个章节之首 照明和插件 大家电 热水 加热和冷却 你的屋漏 绝缘和门窗 一个 加热和冷却 特别突出的一章是一个很好 5 的做自己动手管密封的三页一节 哈利用他一贯的常识的现实主义的方法 密封泄漏空 气管道 可能是最重要的一件事情你可以改善你的房子节能性能 这可能是一个大项目 但它往往不需要任何特殊技能 只是一个愿意面对一些困难点 以及变脏 所附的照片传到乳香和玻璃纤维胶带密封泄漏的金属管的正确方法不会在暖通空调 专业人员的技术手册的地方 但笔者永远不会忘记他的读者是谁 只要确保你不密封的 烟囱或炉烟道连接 这不是一个管道 他警告说 炉烟道应严密和安全的 但如果 你看到任何差距 有暖气承包商 解决这些问题 从来没有使用管乳香 3 低成本 高价值 在书中最长的一章发现和围护结构的泄漏密封处理 它也适当地联系到之前的绝缘 章 一个从家庭的能源书籍得知堆放在阁楼增加保温好处的可喜的变化 至于在管道泄 漏部分 哈雷诚实描述潜在的问题 以充分满足所需的努力程度的大小 他的介绍通过 完美的详细方向 遵循的基调 并会带来许多能源意识的建设者痛 微笑的认可 在 大多数家庭中 最大的和最昂贵的泄漏 这意味着储蓄是最大的机会在阁楼或地下室 这里的原因 密封你的房子的居住面积是指维持的家 不加热或空调的任何区域的空气 6 在大多数家庭中 地下室和阁楼大 不加热的空间 这两个领域通常与管道 线路 管 道 和阁楼和地下室是开放的 甚至内墙腔洞百出 你不从你的房子内看到这些漏洞 但它们的存在 他们有时不够大 坚持你的手 臂 我什至还通过一些抓取 阁楼密封是一个中等规模的项目 可能需要几个小时或几 个下午 但它值得你花时间 应该在加以解决之前 包括增加隔热层的东西 但很少 或根本没有考虑到固定空气泄漏 4 小结 在这本书的创新句子中 哈雷国声明他的目标是 以引导走向围绕低的成本或高效 益的步骤 一些或者两个 他清楚地达到这一目标 即便有少数的疑问断言蠕变在这里 和那里 他的一个关于发光管或管状天窗的论点 也被称为一个TDD 或管状采光最终 可能支付本身保存电力设备似乎不太可能有几个很好的理由来安装一个TDD 但减少照 明费用可能是其中之一 作者还谈到赞许投资 6 000 一个太阳能生活热水加热器12 000元 注意 它 是 不太昂贵 并提供一个比今天的时髦太阳能设备 太阳能光伏板 更快的投资回报 在现实中 许多太阳能热系统回报极为缓慢 还有一个证据建议 光伏系统 结合净计 量和一个热泵水加热器是一个更符合成本效益比太阳能热选项 见 为什么太阳能热投 资回收期的计算是棘手的大量和越来越多的身体 成人教育中心 2008年3月 最后 也有一些建议 虽然技术上可行 不大可能如刷和真空下的冰箱制冷剂的线 圈 至少每两个月一次的建议 许多读者 或者更多的时候 如果有宠物在家里 这可 能是一个好主意 但它只是不会发生 总而言之 降低你的能源法案 现在提供了大量的降压轰隆 它涵盖的内容很多 房主应该知道 没有陷入复杂和房主潜在的混淆科目 如机械通气 如果我是运行利用 效率计划 我找到一种方法来批量购买这本书 出售成本 或把它送人给客户 并认为 这钱花得值 7 ENERGY DESIGN UPDATE Korenfeld D Delgado M Frank C 1Introduction OSHAWA ONTARIO At a new residential development called Copperfield a Canadian builder has completed a home equipped with Ontario s first solar assisted ground source heat pump see EDU April 2006 The home s heat pump and three 4 x8 solar collectors provide space heating cooling and domestic hot water The builder Craig Marshall of Marshall Homes celebrated the home s completion with a housewarming party attended by Ontario Energy Minister Donna Cans field The ground source heat pump system includes three 185 foot deepvertical ground loops During the summer these vertical ground loops will transfer excess solar thermal energy to the surrounding soil and rock Marshall Homes offers several home models in the Copperfield development ranging in cost from 294 000 to 417 000 As options the builder offers three energy upgrades Energy Star compliance costs an additional 7 229 to 9 519 a solar hot water system costs an additional 6 000 and a solar assisted ground source heat pump system costs an additional 22 000 All prices are in Canadian dollars 2Wall Street Journal Cites Flaws in Energy Star Program NEW YORK NY Consumers should be skeptical of the value of the Energy Star label according to a recent Wall Street Journal article As consumers look to shave every nickel they can off their energy bills the Energy Star label 8 has served as a welcome shopping guide wrote reporter Neil Parmar Unfortunately for millions of energy conscious Americans these ratings can be meaningless The reasons run from outdated test procedures to a simple lack of policing of the program According to the article the Energy Star label is often little more than a marketing gimmick Parmar reports that for many appliances the Energy Star bar is quite low While the designation was originally supposed to apply to the 25 of products in any category that were most energy efficient the label is on 85 of all new dishwashers and 98 of desktop computers To test policing of Energy Star label use Parmar visited a Best Buy store in Manhattan We found an entire row of clothes dryers all bearing big oversize Energy Star stickers Nothing would have looked out of the ordinary to the average shopper But since all dryers consume roughly the same amount of energy the category doesn t qualify for an Energy Star label Best Buy which joined the program late in 2004 during a larger push by the EPA to involve more retailers says the labels were put on by mistake and is working to correct the problem 3Some new instance of energy use BRUSSELS BELGIUM Since the European Union s current agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency governing the use of the Energy Star label in Europe is scheduled to expire in June 2006 the European Commission has proposed raising Energy Star standards for office equipment According to a report by Environment Daily an online environmental news service Advances in product efficiency since 2000 mean the proportion of models complying with the label s criteria now approaches 100 in many product classes The commission says the scheme should be renewed for five years but on the basis of fresh stricter criteria that would mean only 25 of the market qualifies for the label ATLANTA GA The American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE has sponsored a proposal to change the International Energy Conservation Code IECC prescriptive requirements for the solar heat gain coefficient SHGC for windows installed in southern climate zones 1 and 2 According to the proposal the maximum SHGC would be lowered from 0 40 to a more stringent 0 37 Speaking in support of the proposal window expert Chris Mathis noted A lower SHGC is a cost effective way to reduce the air conditioning load This is fairly low hanging fruit If adopted and ratified by IECC members the proposed code change will be integrated into the Supplement to the 2006 IECC DAVIS CA The University of California Davis has established a new Energy Efficiency Center to develop energy saving products for use in residential and commercial buildings 9 transportation agriculture and food production The research center is being funded by 1 3 million from the university a 1 million grant from the California Clean Energy Fund and a 500 000 grant from Pacific Gas the hot water is then circulated through underground pipes to provice space heat for 9 000 apartments We believe this is the biggest heating system in the world using raw sewage said Lars Anders Loervik the plant s managing director BERKELEY CA The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has received a 1 25 million grant to develop cool roof technology see EDU March 2002 The grant was awarded by the California Energy Commission s Public Interest Energy Research program GREEN BAY WI Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle has signed SB 459 the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Act a bill which overhauls energy policy in the state The new law implements recommendations made by members of the Governor s Task Force on Energy Efficiency and Renewables Among the bill s provisions is a requirement to raise the stringency of Wisconsin s building energy codes 10 节能设计更新 Korenfeld D Delgado M Frank C 1 引言 加拿大奥沙瓦 在一个新的住宅发展科波菲尔 加拿大公约建设者已完成与安大略省 首个太阳能辅助地源热泵 见成人教育中心 2006年4月 家庭配备 家中的热泵和三 4 x8 太阳能集热器提供空间公约采暖 制冷 和生活热水 出席安大略省能源部长唐娜罐 领域的建设者 克雷格马歇尔 马歇尔家庭庆祝乔迁家居完成 地源热泵系统包括三个 185英尺公约接地环路 在夏季 这些垂直接地环路周围的土壤和岩石为转移的多余公约 太阳热能 马歇尔院在科波菲尔的发展提供一些家用机型 在成本从 294 000到 417 000 不等 作为选项 生成器提供了三种能源升级 能源之星标准成本的额外拨款7 229 九千 五百十九 太阳能热水系统的成本额外的 6 000 和太阳能辅助地源热泵系统的成本额外的 22 000 2 华尔街日报濒危能源公约之星计划中的缺陷 纽约州纽约市消费者根据最近公约华尔街日报的文章应能源之星标签公约价值 记 者尼尔写道 目前 消费者期待刮胡子他们可以关闭他们公约能源法案 能源之星标签 作为一个值得欢迎的公约导购服务 百万公约的节能意识的美国人不幸的是 这些评级 是毫无意义的公约 原因从那些不合时宜的测试程序运行一个简单程序