延续性动词xiti.doc

中考英语重点知识讲解动词的延续性问题 我们首先要了解什么是延续性动词，什么是非延续性动词（也叫短暂性动词）。 延续性动词：动词所表示的动作可以延续一段时间（几分钟/小时/年），如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用(这样的时间状语经常用since或for引导，可以用how long对它进行提问)。 非延续性动词：动词所表示的动作一发生即结束，不能延续，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；另外它也不能和进行时连用，表示动作正在发生，而且有持续的过程，如果这样的动词和进行时连用，往往表示的是即将进行的意思。 在中考里，往往这样考查同学们对这个概念是否理解：一、till/until的用法中涉及的动词延续性问题：如果一个句子的时间状语由till/until引导，那么它的谓语动词如果是延续性动词就必须用肯定形式；如果它的谓语动词是非延续性动词就必须用否定形式。例如：He didnt leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭作业才离开。（在这个句子里leave 为非延续性动词，所以用了否定形式）He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那个女孩一直到很晚的时候。（在这个句子里wait为延续性动词，所以用了肯定形式）二、完成时态里涉及的动词延续性问题： 很多同学在初学完成时态的时候都不能正确地翻译这样的句子，例如：他买这辆车已经两年了。很多同学会把它翻译成：He has bought this car for two years. 在这个句子里，动词buy是非延续性动词，而时间状语表示的是一段时间，所以把它们联系起来显然是不恰当的。正确的说法是：He has had this car for two years. 并不是非延续性动词不能用于完成时态，而只是在时间状语表示的是一段时间的时候，动词只能为延续性动词。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. （当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始了。）这样的说法没有什么问题，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”（当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始十分钟了。）就不正确，因为十分钟表示的是一段时间，而begin不能延续，所以应该把这个句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.三、“how long”短语涉及的动词延续性问题：“how long”是对一段时间的长短提问，所以和它连用的动词必须是延续性动词。如“这本书我能借多长时间？”不能说成：How long can I borrow this book? 而应该说成：How long can I keep this book? 某些非延续性动词如果要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，往往要进行改变，对此我作了简单的小结，请大家牢记：（前面为短暂，后面为延续）2.买 buy: have3.死 die: be dead4.走/离开go/leave: be away5.参军 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier6.入党 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member7.开始放映/展出 begin: be on 8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends9.结婚marry: be married10.开放/营业 open: be open11.关闭/停业 close: be closed中考试题练习（答案为画线部分）1. -How long may I _ the book? - For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy2. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be3. -_ you _ China for a long time? - Yes, I came here three years ago. A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in 4. -How long _ you _ here? - For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming5. Jack has _ for a week. A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold7. When did you join the League ? - Last year. I _ a league member for one year. A. was B. became C. have been8. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please? Im sorry, but I _ it for only two days. I havent finished it yet. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away11. -How long have you _ the motorbike?-For about two weeks. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent12. A: How long can I _ the magazine? B: For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep 13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _it for a week. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend14. Is your father a Party member? Yes, he _the Party three years ago. He _a Party member for three years. A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was15. _your sister _ in Greener China for a long time? Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined16. Dongdong has _ Greener China for two months. A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of 17. -How long may I _ t