文学翻译(汉译英).doc

文学翻译： 1柳家大院（节选）原文 作者：老舍这两天我们大院里又透着热闹，出了人命。事情可不能由这儿说起，得打头来。先交代我自己吧。我是个算命的先生，我也卖过酸枣、落花生什么的。那可是先前的事了。现在我在街上摆卦摊儿；好了呢，一天也抓弄三毛五毛的。老伴儿早死啦，儿子拉洋车。我们爷儿俩住着柳家大院的一间北房。除了我这间北房，大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子，谁说得清？住两间房的就不多，又搭上今儿个搬来，明儿个又搬来，我没那么好的记性。大家见面，招呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气，不说呢，也没什么。大家一天到晚为嘴奔命，没有工夫扯闲盘儿。爱说话的自然也有。可得先吃饱啦。王家住两间房。老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了。“文明”是三孙子。 2柳家大院（节选）译文A pretty kick-up has been the order of the day again in our compound lately , for a life has been lost.But this isnt the way to open the ball . We should go the whole animal.First , a few words about myself. Im a fortune-teller. Once I was a vender of sour dates , ground-nuts and what not. But that was ages ago. Now I keep a fortune-tellers stall on the side-walk and can scrape up three or five dimes a day at best. My old gal had long kicked up her heels. My sons a rickshaw-boy. Thats what hes. We two , father and son , hang our hats at a south-facing room in the Lius compound.Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there , only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are quite few. Besides , they are always on the go. I havent got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet , they greet each other with a “How do you do ?”, just to show their good neighbourly feelings. But if they should cut each other dead , nobody would care. When ones knocked about from pillar to post for his bread day in and day out , he wont find ginger enough for gas and gaiters. Of course , theres those who are all jaw like a sheeps head among us. But one can hardly be in a mood for rag-chewing when ones guts cry cupboard .The Wang family occupies two rooms. Old Wang and I are considered the genteel fork in the compound. Gentility be hanged!注释：kick-up：有了问题，出了毛病open the ball：作为开头what not：诸如此类的东西old gal：（口）老伴kicked up ones heels ：(俚) 死rickshaw ：人力车，黄包车hang ones hats on: 指望，依靠on the go：（口）忙个不停cut sb. dead：不理睬某人knock about ：（口）漂泊，游荡from pillar to post ：四处奔走着，到处碰壁地， for his bread (俚) for his moneyday in and day out ：日复一日，每天不间断地ginger ：（口）精力，活力，劲头gas ：（俚）令人非常满意（或愉快的）的事（或人）be all jaw (like a sheeps head) ： 全是空话，废话连篇rag ：（俚）姑娘，情人（指女性）guts：（ 用作单）贪食者be hanged：（用于诅咒语中）不得好死3原文言语风格分析老舍先生是善于运用群众的言语大师。他的作品行文自由流畅，语言平实自然不雕琢，口语色彩浓，大量运用北方方言（包括儿化韵）、土语，乃至一些社会方言，如：透着（透着热闹、透着和气）、（事情可不能由这儿说起，）得打头来、抓弄（三毛五分的）、搭上今儿个（搬来，）明儿个（又搬走）、（大家一天到晚）为嘴奔命、（没有）工夫闲扯盘儿、（“文明”是）三孙子除此之外，该节选中对语气词“吧”、“呢”、“啦”、“了”的运用，是作者为模仿实际发音而选择的词，也是口语化的有力证明。以上是就词语选择来讲的。再从语法和句式运用的角度分析，老舍句式灵活多样，多用短句，字数不拘，少到三个、四个、五个、六个不等，最多也不超过十六个字，如：三个：好了呢；不说呢；四个：出了人命；得打头来；也没什么；大家见面；透着和气；谁说得清；五个：儿子拉洋车；六个：明儿个又搬走；可得吃饱啦；王家住着两间房；“文明”是三孙子；十六个：我们爷儿俩住着柳家大院的一间北房；老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了；由于短句具有简洁、明快、活泼、轻松的特点，语句组织疏松而清爽，语气和缓而随意，能给人以如话家常般的轻松感和亲切感，所以读起来使人如闻其声，似乎作品主人公正娓娓道来。下面简单分析一下译文。4译文言语风格分析翻译的风格化是由原著的风格决定的，作者运笔典雅，译者就要坚决杜绝粗俗，反之亦然。正如王佐良先生说：“一切照原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之。”评述译文的风格，主要就是看它是否最大限度地再现了原文的风格。老舍的语言是自然流畅，通俗易懂的，毫无晦涩之感，译文也应运用相应的风格传达这种感觉。另外，由于英汉语言体系的不同，各种体系的语言在表达习惯、语法结构方面又是独具特色的，因此，在翻译中不可以照搬原文句式，过分受原文结构的束缚，完全对号入座，否则译文就很容易充满“翻译腔”，句子不仅笨拙臃肿，更重要的是会无形中失去原文语言的自然美感。首先，译文在措辞上的特征主要表现在以下几个方面：第一， 俚俗语的大量运用译文中随处可见的俚语、诅咒语、口头语的运用，无疑是其最显著的风格特点：kick-up , to open the ball , go the whole animal , and what not , old gal , kicked up her heels , hang our hats , on the go , cut each other dead , knocked about , from pillar to post , for his bread , day in and day out , find ginger enough for gas and gaiters , are all jaw like a sheeps head , rag-chewing , ones guts cry cupboard , be hanged第二， 译文中除少数多音节词之外，大都是单音节或双音节的词，基本上找不到抽象名词。第三， 省略词比较多，如：isnt, Thats ,havent, ones, wont, theres .此外，从语法、句法和句式的选择看，译文口语化风格明显，有的并不追求完整的语法结构，表达随便，多采用简单句，句子简洁、凝练、毫无赘言废话。每句话平均字数为1011个单词，少的只有3个，如：But this isnt the way to open the ball.We should go the whole animal.First , a few words about myself.Im a fortune-teller.But that was ages ago.My old gal had long kicked up her heels.My sons a rickshaw-boy.Thats what hes.Besides , they are always on the go.The Wang family occupies two rooms.Gentility be hanged!即使是并列句或复合句，也以短小精悍为主：How many families live there , only God knows.Those who occupy two rooms are quite few.But if they should cut each other dead , nobody would care.Of course , theres those who are all jaw like a sheeps head among us.再者，从整体上看，译文本身具备较强的可读性和可接受性。无论是俚俗语的运用还是句式的安排，决无生吞活剥之感。译者注意把握原文主人公的社会地位和身份，没有使用什么修辞手段（明喻、暗喻等），每句话都是直截了当，干净利落。5原文与译文相关因素对比根据以上分析，要了解译文对原文风格的再现程度，不是考察个别字句的一一对应：原文某一段或词是俚语，译时不一定也非把它译成俚语不可，而另外原非俚语的地方，译成俚语也无不可。译文风格的考察，应从微观到宏观，从译文对原文整体风貌的把握即神似上找到突破口。当然，某些数量的对比也能说明一定的问题：项目字/词数句数句号逗号问号分号叹号引号原文2991716152103译文2692524111011上表列出了原文与译文在字、句、标点符号等方面的运用情况，从一个侧面表明了译文与原文宏观上的一致即“忠实”程度。比如，原文与译文平均每句的字/词数分