科技英语翻译aiyou.doc

信息管理专业英语实用教程清华大学出版社 110 单元的课后英译汉答案 Unit 1 1. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources. 管理是组织目标通过计划、组织、领导、控制组织资源实现的有效方式。 2. Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there. 计划决定了组织将来的发展方向和实现方式。 3. Organization failure can occur when managers are not serious about control or lack control information. 组织的失败往往在管理人员不认真对待控制或缺乏控制的信息时发生。 4. The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner. 管理人员的最终责任是获得高业绩，这是组织目标实现的一种有效的利用资源和有效的 方式。 5. There are no “peopleless” organizations, so managers must learn how to motivate, lead and communicate; they must also understand interpersonal relations and the behavior of groups of people. 没有任何“peopleless”组织,所以经理们必须学会如何激励、领导和交流,他们也必须理解 人际关系和各种人群的行为。 6. Managers are excellent communicators and value shapers, lightning rods to get the job done. 经理们都是很出色的传播者和价值塑造者，避雷针能够完成工作。 7. It is now apparent that overly centralized, excessively layered, and rigid organizational structures are not always effective or efficient. 过于集中、过度分层、刚性的组织结构现在很明显并不总是有效或高效的。 8. A manager frequently reminds his or her management team of the companys goals and how well those goals are being achieved. 一个管理者会经常提醒他或她的管理团队,公司的目标,以及如何做好已达成这些目标。 9. Strategic planning is the process of developing and analyzing the organizations mission, overall goals, general strategies, and allocating resources. 战略规划是发展和分析组织的使命、总体目标、总体战略、和分配资源的过程。 10. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organizations resources to achieve organizational goals. 组织功能的目的是最充分地利用组织的资源以实现组织目标。 Unit 2 1. As used in a broader sense, statistics refers to the statistical tools used to collect, present, analyze, and interpret data for the purpose of making more effective decisions. 广泛的意义上说,统计是指用来收集统计工具,呈现、 分析和理解数据的， 目的都是为了做 更多有效的决策。 2. Statistical thinking is necessary not only for efficient citizenship, but also for effective decision making in various facets of business. 统计思想是很必要的,不仅是因为有效的公民身份,也是为在商业诸多方面做的有效决策 3. W.Edwards Deming, noted statistician and quality control expert, insisted that we should start statistics education before high school.W.爱德华兹戴明提到统计学家和质量控制专家,他坚持我们应该在读高中之前接受统 计教育 4. Just as attorneys have “rules of evidence” and accountants have “commonly accepted practices”, persons dealing with numerical data follow some standard guidelines. 就像律师有“证据规则”会计有“被公认的惯例”人们处理数值数据也会遵循一些标准 的指导方针 5. Masses of unorganized numerical data, such as the census of population, are of little value as is, however, statistical techniques are available to organize this type of data into a meaningful form. 大量的没有被组织的数值数据，就像全体居民的人口普查一样，几乎是没有意义的，然 而统计技术对于组织这种类型的数据使其转换成有意义的形式是可行的。 6. To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population. 为了从人口数中得出某些结论，我们通常会从人口数中取出一个样本 7. Much of the appeal of statistical method is that they allow us to describe, predict, and sometimes control the world around us. 大多数呼吁的统计方法是他们允许我们来描述、预测,有时控制我们周围的世界。 8. Information developed through the use of statistics has enhanced our studying of how life works, helped us learn about each other, allow control over some societal issues, and helped individuals make informed decisions. 通过利用统计方法的方式开发信息，可以增强我们对于生命是如何运作的学习,帮助我们 更多地了解对方,允许控制一些社会问题,并有助于人们做出明智的决定。 9. A representative sample can be used to make inferences about a larger population, but descriptive statistics are the only useful results for an unrepresentative sample. 一个具有代表性的样本可以用来推测更大范围的人群，但是对于一个不具有代表性的样 本来说，描述性统计是唯一有用的成果 10. When the individuals measured constitute the whole population, there is no need for statistical inference because the truth is known. 当个人测量构成完整的人口,就不需要统计推论,因为真相是已知的 Unit 3 1. All information, from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a key 所有信息,从火车时刻表到折扣价商品,将会越来越接近新闻媒体的一个关键.2. The children have a happy environment at school. 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境 3. The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters. 这个厂家给我们公司开了两台打字机的发票 4. My accounts balance for the first time this year! 这是我今年第一次收支平衡 5. The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world. 艾菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一 6. Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation. 请给电脑编制一个程序,以此代替手工操作 7. The binary system of numbers is used in digital computers. 二进制数字系统常常在数字计算机中被使用8. The motherboard is main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry. 主板是计算机的主要部分,通常包括含有电路的中央处理单元、键盘、监控和为了接受 额外的电路所安置的插槽 9. Programmers use the term “data structures” to describe various ways to organize data within a program. 程序员使用术语“数据结构”来描述在一个程序里通过各种方法来组织数据 10. At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds? 美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑? Unit 4 1. The research project has only been under way for three months, so its too early to evaluate its success. 这个研究项目进行了不到三个月,所以对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。 2. The firm decided to computerize its wages department. 公司决定使用电脑来处理发薪部门的工作 3. The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up. 老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂 4. He isnt particularly clever but industrious. 他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。5. New settlers came in increasing numbers. 新的移民越来越多 6. The local library is a valuable resource. 当地的图书馆是个宝贵的资源 7. The committee discussed strategic marketing factors. 委员会讨论了战略营销的因素 8. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的 9. There are three options open to us in that matter. 关于那件事情我们有三种选择 10. This information will be less confusing if its produced in tabular form. 如果是产生于表格形式，信息将很少会被混淆 Unit 5 1. The lowest level manager can access only the data that he needs at his level. 经理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的数据。 2. Decision Support is a new University function designed to support access, integration and delivery of administrative data. 决策支持系统的设计是一种新的大学功能设计用以支持访问、集成和实施的行政数据 3. Decision Support is also responsible for transition of data from University mainframes to servers over the next 5 years and for the existing Information Warehouse. 决策支持也负责在未来的 5 年里从大学向服务器主机进行数据的转换和现有信息仓库的 数据转换。 4. The primary job of the use is in the definition and discovery of information used in decision making.主要工作的用途是将定义并发现的信息用于决策。 5. If client profile information is available, services can be more easily tailored to the client. 如果客户端剖面的信息是可得到的,服务可以更容易定制到客户端 6. Modern Marketing techniques can be used to attract and retain clients. 现代营销技术可以用于吸引和留住客户 7. Risk assessment of the projects can be determined before the project is begun. 项目风险评估能够在项目开始前被确定。 8. Sharing the same concepts of a DSS, an ESS focuses more in the end-user requirement of maximum interactivity and user-friendlyness. 共享一个 DSS 的相同概念，一个 ESS 更多的关注于最终用户的最大互动性需求和用户 友好性 9. The GDSS stared originally from the Management Information System at University of Arizona. GDSS 最初起源于亚利桑那大学的管理信息系统。 10. Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better. 人工智能是研究如何让电脑做一些事情,在那个时刻,人们做得更好 Unit 6 1. ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments particular needs. ERP 试图整合各部门和功能在一个公司,在一台计算机的系统,这个系统可以为所有这些 不同部门的特别需求 2. People dont like to change how they do their jobs. That is why the value of ERP is so hard to pin down. 人们不喜欢改变他们如何完成他们的工作。这就是为什么 ERP 是如此的价值硬扣下来 3. To get the most from the ERP software, you have to get people inside your company to adopt the work methods outlined in the software. 最大限度地从中获取收益的 ERP 软件,你必须让人们在你们公司的情况下,采用工作某市 软件 4. Even if a company installs ERP software for the so-called right reasons and everyone can agree on the optimal definition of a customer, the inherent difficulties of implementing something as complex as ERP is like teaching an elephant to do the hootchy-kootchy. 即使一家公司 ERP 软件安装的所谓正确的原因,每个人都能同意的最佳的定义的客户,固 有困难的事情,就像复杂,因为实施 ERP 是像教大象来跳肚皮舞 5. ERP helps the manufacturing process flow more smoothly, and it improves visibility of the order fulfillment process inside the company. ERP 帮助制造流程更平稳,提高了知名度的订单,公司内部的实施过程。 6. Dont expect to revolutionize your business with ERP. It is a navel-gazing exercise that focuses on optimizing the way things are done internally rather than on customers, suppliers or partners. 不要期望彻底改变你的业务与 ERP。 这是一个纸上谈兵的锻炼方式,著重在优化所内部而 不是对客户、供应商或合作伙伴 7. Needless to say, the move to ERP is a project of breathtaking scope, and the price tags on the front end are enough to make the most placid CFO a little twitchy.不用说,搬到 ERP 是一个项目的惊人的范围,而且价格标签的前端,足以使最平静的 CFO 有 点谨慎 8. We have treated ERPs as projects, with the assumption that someday the projects would end. But an enterprise system is not a project. Its a way of life. 我们我们把 ERPS 看成是一个项目,并扬言说,总有一天会结束的项目。 但是一个企业制度 不是一个项目。它是一种生活方式 9. Even if an organization could declare final victory on implementation of ERPs, many additional years could be spent in getting real business value from them. 即使一个组织可以宣布最后的胜利的实现策略,许多额外的年电位差,就可以用来获得真 正的商业价值 10. Just as courtships and honeymoons are different from marriages, living with ERP systems will be different from installing them. 正如求爱和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP 系统将是不同于安装他们 Unit 7 1. Structural design gives a system the long-term stable structure that can reduce discovery costs, localize maintenance work, and provide a foundation for reuse. 结构设计提供了一种系统的长期稳定的结构,可以减少成本,定位发现维修工作,并提供了 基础,再使用 2. I believe there are some simple ways to integrate the functional and structural view. 我相信有这里有一些简单的方法来整合的功能和结构的观点 3. Most popular programming languages use classes as their basic building block. 最流行的编程语言使用类为基本积木 4. Classes are the foundation of object-based and object-oriented programming in C+. 统整课程的物质基础,是面向对象编程中,C + + 5. I think this tendency to hierarchy comes from our need to organizeand thats finebut I think it goes too far in most popular programming languages work. 我觉得这个倾向是来自我们的需要层次的 fine-but organize-and,我认为它走得太远在最流 行的编程语言的工作 6. We start to reduce complexity by grouping objects together into classes, which is in accordance with how most popular programming languages work. 我们开始减少复杂性组织宾语联合成类别,是依照最流行的编程语言如何工作 7. These programming languages are popular because they are efficient. 这些编程语言很受欢迎,因为他们是有效的 8. Because roles are closer to objects, they are closer to the structure of Use Cases than classes are. 因为角色越来越接近物品,他们更接近结构比类的用例 9. Hierarchy has become an important abstraction tool in many design paradigms. 抽象层次已成为一个重要的工具,在许多的设计范例 11. Object-oriented program has become the dominant programming style in the software industry over the last 10 years or so. 面向对象程序已成为主导的编程风格在软件产业在过去的 10 年左右 Unit 8 The general principle in Data Flow Diagramming is that a system can be decomposed into subsystems, and subsystems can be decomposed into lower level subsystems, and so on. 在数据流的一般原则是一种画图可以分解成子系统的系统,子系统可以分解成低等级的子系统,等等 2. Data enters the system from the environment; data flows between processes within the system; and data is produced as output from the system. 数据进入系统,从环境、数据流之间的内部过程系统;以及数据所做的输出从系统 3. SSADM has been used by the government in computing since its launch in 1981. SSADM 一直被用作政府在计算自发布以来于 1981 年 4. SSADM revolves around the use of three key techniques, namely Logical Data Modeling, Data Flow Modeling and Entity/Event Modeling. 围绕着 SSADM 使用 3 个关键技术,即逻辑数据建模、数据流程建模和实体/事件建模 5. The RAD approach has been used successfully in many organizations and is currently gaining more formal support with the advent of DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method, DSDM Consortium, 1995), a framework for RAD. 方法的 RAD 已经成功地应用在许多组织,目前正获得更正式的支持的到来,DSDM(动态 系统开发方法,联合体,1995),DSDM 框架红的 6. The model is the basis of the methodologys view of the world, e.g. the Waterfall and Spiral models of Information Systems Engineering. 该模型为基础的方法论的角度来看这个世界,它的例句。瀑布和螺旋模型的信息系统工 程 7. The scope of a methodology defines its start and end points within the ISE lifecycle. 一种方法论,它的范围定义其起始点和终止点在伊的生命周期 8. The SDLC is based upon two principles: dividing projects into phases, and using written documentation and approvals to maintain control. 在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC 取决于两个原则:划分成不同阶段,并利用项目的书面文 件和审批维持控制 9. Rapid response methodologies are clearly borne out of the need for a methodology that is flexible and usr-involved with a short implementation schedule, yet retains critical controls that do not slow down the process. 快速反应的方法都有明确的证明了需要的一种方法是灵活的,usr-involved 与短实施进度, 但又保留关键的控制系统,就不要迟慢的过程 10. The SDLC includes ten phases during which defined IT work products are created or modified. 在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC 阶段,在此期间,包括十定义其工作产品是创建或修改。 Unit 9 1. A basic understanding of computer networks is requisite in order to understand the principles of network security. 计算机网络的基本理解是必需品,以了解原则的网络安全 2. The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model defines seven layers of communications types, and the interfaces among them. 国际标准化组织(ISO)开放系统互连(OSI)参考模型定义了 7 层的通信接口类型,和在他们 中间 3. In order for you and I to talk when were out of earshot, we need a device like a telephone. 为了让你和我说话时,我们走到,我们需要一个设备就像打了一个电话。 4. The key to building a secure network is to define what security means to your organization. 建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织5. A simple network can be constructed using the same protocols and such that the Internet uses without actually connecting it to anything else. 建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织 6. The Internet is made up of a wide variety of hosts, from supercomputers to personal computers, including every imaginable type of hardware and software. 互联网是由各种各样的主机,从超级计算机到个人计算机,包括各种类型的硬件和软件 7. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a simple transport-layer protocol. UDP(用户数据协议)是一个简单的 transport-layer 协议 8. A firewall is simply a group of components that collectively form a barrier between an organizations intranet and the Internet. 防火墙是简单的一组部件之间的障碍,集体形式组织的局域网和互联网 9. Router is a special purpose computer for connecting networks together. 路由器是一种特殊用途的计算机网络连接在一起 10. If modem access is to be provid