篇章翻译复习.doc

篇章翻译。英译汉。 How to Reduce Stress and Be Happy on the JobBy Gary DesslerQUSTION:Have you any quick simple suggestions for how I can reduce the stress Im under at work? Im a manager in a large bank, and between company politics, customers who dont pay back their loans, and my heavy workload, I find myself under what seems to be unrelenting stress and pressure at work. The stress is beginning to affect my work and family life, and any suggestions would be appreciated. ANSWER: Suggestions range from “get more sleep” to “use meditation.” But in a recent book, stress and the manager, Dr. Karl Albrecht suggests the following to reduce stress on the job: l Build rewarding, pleasant, cooperative relationships with as many of your colleagues and employees as you can.l Dont bite off more than you can chew. Take on only those assignments that you know you have time for.l Build an especially effective and supportive relationship with your boss. Understand his or her problems and help the boss understand yours.l Negotiate realistic deadlines on important projects with your boss. Be prepared to propose deadlines yourself, rather than have them imposed.l Study the future. Learn as much as you can about likely coming events, so that you can anticipate them well in advance. l Find time every day for detachment and relaxation. l Take a walk now and then to keep your body refreshed and alert.l Make a noise survey of your office area and find ways to reduce unnecessary racket.l Get away from your office from time to time for a change of scene and a change of mind. l Reduce the amount of trivia to which you give your attention. Delegate routine paperwork to others whenever possible.l Limit interruptions. Try to schedule certain periods of “interruptability” each day and save other periods of time for your own purposes.l Make sure you know how to delegate effectively.l Dont put off dealing with distasteful problems such as counseling a problem employee.l Make a constructive “worry list.” Write down the problems that concern you and beside each write down what youre going to do about it, so that none of the problems will continue to bother your unconsciously. 如何减轻压力，保持心情愉快问题：您与什么既简单又见效快的建议来减轻我在工作中遇到的压力吗？我是某家大银行的一名经理。处在公司的各项政策、不还贷款的客户和我自己繁重的工作量之间，我发现自己在工作中承受的压力似乎是无法减轻的。这种压力开始影响到我的工作以及我的家庭生活，您的任何建议我都会十分感激。回答：（类似的）建议有很多，从“多睡觉”一直“沉思冥想”。但是在最近的一部新书压力与经理中，Karl albrecht博士对于减轻工作压力有如下建议：l 尽可能与更多的同事和员工建立有益愉快的合作关系。l 不要贪多嚼不烂。只承担那些你知道你有时间做的工作。和你的上司建立一种效率特别高而又相互支持的关系。理解他/她的问题所在，也帮助她他理解你的问题所在。l 在重要项目上与你的上司进行协商，制定出切实可行的最后期限。准备好自己提出最后期限，而不是让上司强加给你。l 研究未来。对将来会发生的事情知道的越多越好，以便于你能提前做好准备。l 每天都找些时间放下工作休息一会儿。l 不时地去散散步会使你精神焕发，神清气爽。l 在你的办公区周围作个噪音调查，想办法减少不必要的噪音。l 经常离开你的办公室，换换地方，换换脑筋。l 少做分散注意力的无关紧要的事情，尽量让别人代你去处理日常信件。l 限制打扰。每天列出一段时间作为可以打扰的时间，把剩下的时间留给自己。l 确保你知道如何有效地让别人替你做事。l 及时处理那些令人讨厌的事情，诸如帮助一位遇到麻烦的员工等。l 制定一份具有建设性的忧虑单，把你担心的问题都写在上面，在每个问题旁写下你打算怎么处理这个问题，这样，这些问题不会在潜意识里困扰你了。Healthwatch （健康瞭望）How much exercise do you think people need in order to stay healthy? What kind of exercise is best?Ellen and David are committed to their workout at the health club. They both go every day after work and spend at least one hour doing vigorous exercise, alternating tough aerobics classes with working out on the machines and lifting weights. Both are in shape and feel fit. They believe in the motto “No pain, no gain”. Andy and Pam are sitting in front of the television and watching yet another commercial for the local gym. It all seems overwhelming-going to the gym, working up a sweat, even finding the time. Neither one is an athlete, nor do they really care to lean a sport now. Are you more like Ellen and David or Andy and Pam? Or do you fall somewhere in between? We all know that exercise is important in keeping the body healthy and reducing the risks of disease. It also cuts down on stress and protects the bodys immune system. But for many people, the word exercise conjures up hours of boring, strenuous activity. Recently, however, scientific studies have found that health benefits can be achieved with non-strenuous exercise. This is very encouraging news for all those people who thought they had to be athletes or work as hard as athletes to make exercise worth it. The new guidelines say that every adult should do at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week. And these 30 minutes can even be broken down into smaller segments during the day. The important thing is to be consistent and make exercise part of your daily life. There are many ways to achieve this without buying expensive equipment or joining a health club. Walking is one of the best ways to get exercise. Try to go for a walk after lunch or dinner to boost your metabolism and work off some calories. If possible, walk all or part of the way to work or school. Use the stairs instead of the elevator whenever you can. Gardening, raking leaves, and dancing are also good activities. (However, walking to the coffee or vending machine doesnt count!) As for sports, even if tennis or golf dont appeal to you, hiking and cycling can be relaxing and beneficial too. Remember, you can be serious about exercise about exercise without taking it too seriously!参考译文：健康瞭望你知道一个人保持身体健康需要进行多少锻炼吗？什么是最好的锻炼方式？我们真正需要进行多少锻炼？Ellen 和David对在健身俱乐部进行锻炼很投入。他们俩每天下班后就花上至少一小时进行剧烈的锻炼，交替参加剧烈的增氧健身课、在跑步机上运动及举重。他们身体都很健康，而且感觉良好。他们信奉的座右铭是不劳无获。Andy 和Pam 正坐在电视机前观看为当地健身馆拍的又一个广告片。看起来真让人受不了要到健身馆去，锻炼出一身汗，甚至能否抽得出时间还是个问题。他们俩谁都不爱运动，而且现在谁也不真的想学一项体育项目。你更像Ellen 和David还是更像Andy 和Pam？还是属于两者之间？我们都知道锻炼身体对保持身体健康和减少疾病非常重要。锻炼身体还会减轻压力，保护身体的免疫系统。但是对很多人来说，一说起锻炼身体这个词，就会联想到长达几小时的乏味而累人的活动。然而最近的研究发现，可以通过非疲劳性的锻炼方式而是身体获益。How safe is your home?Do you feel that your home is a safe place and that danger lies only in the outside world? Would danger lies only in the outside world? Would you be surprised to learn that your ”safe place” could be a very dangerous place? The truth is that accidents at home result in more injuries than motor vehicle and workplace accidents put together. Serious injuries and even death can be caused by accidental falls, fires, burns, poisonings, and electrical hazards.Falls are the number one cause of accidental deaths in the home every year and the main reason for accidental deaths of the elderly. They are mostly due to slippery surfaces or loose rugs. Fires, often caused by cigarette smoking, are more dangerous for the smoke and poisonous gases they create than for the actual flames. Electrical hazards, responsible for many home fires, are frequently caused by overloaded wires and fixtures. Burns happen most often to children and the elderly, usually in the bathroom, when the water is too hot. The leading cause of accidental deaths at home for people between the ages of 14 and 44 is poisoning, often the result of the misuse of medicines.Accidents and injuries in the home dont have to happen. They can be prevented if simple precautions are taken. In the kitchenl Turn all pot handles toward the back of the stove.l Use a steady step stool when reaching for items on high shelves.l Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.l Keep knives and sharp objects in a safe place.l Store cleaning materials and poisons in their original containers and lock them away if you have small children.Throughout the house l Dont plug too many appliances into the same wall outlet or extensions cord. l Make sure rugs and carpets are secure. Never hide an electrical cord under a rug.l If an electrical cord is damaged in any way, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced.l Keep hallways and stairs well lighted and free from clutter.l Install smoke detectors and keep them in working order.l If you smoke, never smoke in bed and be careful not to smoke in a place where you might fall asleep.l Keep emergency numbers next to the telephone.参考译文：您的家有多安全？你认为事故发生最多的地方是在哪儿？是在工作地点，在家，还是在高速路上？造成伤害最主要的原因有哪些？你是不是觉得你的家是个安全的地方，危险只存在于外部世界？如果你得知你的安全之地可能会是一个非常危险的地方，你会感到惊讶吗？事实上，在家里发生的意外比机动车事故和在工作场合发生的事故的总和还要多。这些意外的摔倒、着火、烧伤、中毒和触电都可能造成严重的伤害甚至死亡。摔伤是每年造成家庭意外死亡的头号杀手而且是造成老年人意外死亡的主要原因。摔伤主要是由于地面太滑或地毯铺的不平而造成的。火灾通常是由抽烟引起的，着火产生的烟雾和毒气比火焰的危险性更大。与电有关的灾祸是造成多起家庭火灾的原因。大多是由于电线和设备负荷过重引起的。儿童和老年人通常因为浴室里水温太高而被烫伤。14岁到44岁之间的人在家里意外死亡的首要原因是中毒，一般是服药不当造成的。发生在家里的意外伤害不是不可避免的，只需采取一些简单的措施就可避免这些意外伤害的发生。厨房里的安全小知识l 把所有的水壶并都朝向炉子的另一侧。l 从高架子上取东西的时候要用一个稳当的梯凳。l 在附近准备一个灭火器。l 将刀具和尖锐的物品放在安全的地方。l 将洗涤用品和药物放在他们本来装的容器里，如果家里有小孩子，把这些东西锁好。 整幢房屋的注意事项l 不要在墙上的同一个电源插座或插线板上太多的电器。l 确保大小地毯铺放安全。千万别把电线藏在地毯下面。l 如果电线有任何损坏就不要再用了。拿去修理或者换一条新的电线。l 保持门厅和楼梯处使之保持良好的工作状态。l 如果你抽烟，千万不要在床上抽烟，也要注意别在你可能会睡着的地方抽烟。l 把紧急电话号码放在电话附近。提示：下面的一篇文章是中英高层联合大会开幕式上英方首席代表的讲话。请将本篇讲话翻译成汉语。 It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to be welcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends. The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed. It is a sign for me that the forum goes from strength to strength and I believe it is playing a key role in the relations between our two countries as confirmed by the Prime Minister in our call on him this morning. This year, we have taken the theme “The Challenge of Globalization” for our meetings and discussions. This theme has a particular resonance for me. On 11th September, I, along with a number of world statesmen, was in Beijing to discuss China and the World in the 21st Century. None of us could possibly have known as we debated economic development, environmental change and security issues what was going to happen that day. But many of the speakers warned of the fragility of the world order. It made me realize more clearly than at any other time just how very important “understanding” between the nations of the world is.Our forum, and the discussion we will have in the next day and a half, are part of this vital process of understanding. Globalization is a challenge for all of us, both developed and developing countries and we have a lot to share and learn. As globalization increases and as all our countries come to terms with the global reach of many industries, we can, as different nations, work together to understand the issues and effects these developments bring. Those opportunities can only be grasped by people. People talk, travel, exchange ideas and experiences. And that is what we are here today to do. Our discussions here will centre around a number of very interesting issues: trade and the environment in the globalization of the economy, Chinese culture facing the world, e-learning and e-commerce, balancing public purposes and commercial interests in the media, and China after WTO to name but a few. As far as I can see, joining the WTO presents a huge challenge for China. The requirements of joining WTO for corporate governance, for transparency and for reliable and enforceable laws, whilst producing some pain in the short term, will no doubt be part of the way in which economic growth can be encouraged and sustained. I personally am much looking forward to my own involvement in the discussions o