翻译论文-高层建筑节能设计.doc

High-rise building energy efficiency designPick to: early in the 20th century 70s, the concept of energy-saving building was officially proposed, the core of energy-saving building is to reduce energy consumption and enhance the architecture in building energy efficiency. But as Chinas sustained rapid economic growth, urbanization, high-rise building development has entered a residential areas, and become the mainstream of the construction industry. So, for the high-rise building energy saving design research, has become a hot issue of concern to the people.This paper discusses high-rise building energy-saving design summarized the present situation of and prospects for our country, the hope can high-rise building energy-saving design better and the international community, provide certain reference.Keywords: high-rise buildings; Energy-saving design; prospectprefaceEnergy is human survival and development of the basic conditions, along with the social progress and the rapid development of social economy, energy demand and supply, saving energy increasingly prominent contradiction between the current human face is one of the important tasks. But the energy conservation of the building is a basic world architecture development trend, as well as building a new growth point of science and technology.Along with the reform and opening-up and the rapid development of economy, Chinas high-rise buildings built in a high-rise building, the 1980s boom of the development is in the 1990s into the leap development stage. In high-rise building toward a higher, more strong direction at the same time, the energy saving design the general trend of development in human body to improve and health and improving the conditions of comfort, energy efficiency, rational utilization of resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protecting environment for human survival. Therefore, high-rise building energy-saving design has become the worlds architectural community, the concern of Chinese construction has become a hot issue.A, high-rise building energy-saving design in the application situationHigh-rise building efficiency is a complicated system engineering, from high-rise building ontology technology to high-level building materials products, high-rise building with equipment of thermal environment there are energy saving potential. Therefore, high-rise building energy saving design should be in guarantee its use function, construction quality and the premise of indoor environment, and adopts various effective energy saving technology and management measures.1, external wall thermal insulation energy-savingFor our countrys existing high-rise building is concerned, its external form structural similarity is stronger, the characteristics of their energy consumption is evident, and the main embodied in the winter of heat preservation and heat insulation on summer energy-saving technology, which is beneficial in the popularization and promotion. In high-rise buildings of sino-foreign palisade structure heat loss is bigger, peripheral protect structure wall and account for a large share. So high-rise building with wall body walling reform of energy-saving technology development is energy-saving design of high-rise building one of the most important aspects of exterior wall thermal insulation technology, development and energy saving material is the main energy saving high-rise buildings implementation. Energy-saving design mainly embodied in the following two aspects:The basic form of the building cannot change circumstances, high-rise building energy-saving design can use of external thermal insulation technology transformation pattern, building energy transformation can consider insulation energy-saving coating and lightweight composite insulation board techniques, such as using. At present, the efficient use of building insulation materials and composite wall practice in domestic popularize continuously, through adopting rock cotton, glass walls of cotton, polystyrene plastic, polyurethane foam plastics, polyethylene plastic new high efficiency heat insulation materials and reduce external heat transfer coefficient.In other functions of high-rise building the reconstructive requirement into consideration under the circumstances of less, energy efficiency design can use exterior insulation technology and exterior wall insulation energy-saving technologies combining transformation pattern. Reform, because its support structure, various technology using relatively independent space bigger, can consider to make the original wall insulation reinforcement again after the outsourcing, appropriate USES each type insulation energy-saving plank with insulation materials, and cooperate with insulation energy-saving door to wait the common use.2, roof insulation energy-savingRoofing is building periphery protect structure place suffers outdoor temperature the highest, area of high-rise building is larger also, as the importance of its energy-saving, particularly prominent therefore, roofing warm-keeping high-rise building for improving indoor temperature environment, save the overall energy consumption is very important.Our usual roofing heat insulating and energy-saving approach is low, the density of thermal conductivity small, bibulous rate is low, have a certain intensity of lightweight high efficiency heat preservation material set in waterproof layer and roof board, this kind of practice is between shop law. There are many high-rise building adopts the lightweight high strength, bibulous rate is very low extruded polystyrene board as thermal insulation material, using pour shop law, and good results were obtained. Pour shop law is set in the waterproof layer insulation layer, its advantage is due to heat preservation material protective effect, make waterproof materials from outdoor air temperature change and construction personnel for damage caused by one.when, greatly extend the waterproof material use fixed number of year, have certain energy-saving effect, but cost is higher.At present, our country USES light color slope roof energy saving design technology. It can effective drainage, prevent, roof leakage and could effectively heat insulation, energy saving. Deep dark roof only less than 30% of sunlight reflected, and nonmetal of light color roof at least 65% of sunlight reflected, reflectivity high roof about save 20 to 30 percent of energy consumption.Three, solar energy savingHigh-rise building energy efficiency design is another aspect of the new energy, development and utilization of solar energy as the one kind of renewable clean energy, is building a new energy of one of the potential. Solar energy in in most regions of China has the good use conditions, the longest sunshine throughout the year up to 2 800 3 300 h, annual sunshine hours greater than 2 200 h (namely everyday average sunshine in more than 6 h) area, accounting for land area 2/3 above. Most of the heating area are distributed in long daylight area, these areas of 6hld sunshine hours in total appeared in more than 200 days, more can the d up to 300 d.Solar energy in China on high-rise buildings are mainly: ways of using passive solar heating, solar hot water, active solar energy heating and air conditioning, and solar power, etc. At present, with energy saving design research and the development of the high-rise building design of high-rise building layout, based on the characteristics and use features, additional sunshine with indoor heating equipment between combination of energy-saving design has won more and more people concern. It can make the high-rise buildings in the outdoor meteorological data change drastically circumstances, indoor temperature distribution more balanced, improve the indoor thermal environment and save energy.4 and reasonable use of various base terrain energy-savingThe low south in north high, should follow terrain north-facing slope to parallel is decorated high-rise buildings, such already can obtain sufficient sunshine and good ventilation, and positive view is broad, can reduce the sunshine spacing between high-rise buildings.The north slope in meteorological low on QianHouPai high-rise buildings, tonal the layer, avoid excessive widening sunshine spacing. Also try to use by the formation of the building bottom elevation of semi-closed space, as the auxiliary parking, storage space.In east and west on the slope, high-rise buildings should press vertical slope and follow the direction of slope decorate, der gewaltige hohenunterschied change its layers and height, maintain reasonable sunshine spacing, save land.On the flat terrain, should be decorated south, north to (PianJiao), can be appropriately it to comply with the wind, and can obtain good sunshine, was to reduce the distance, the best way to economical use of land.In marginal areas, according to the site, decorate tower, shape half-unit high-rise buildings; North of the base, decorate high-rise building, is also a good measure of land-saving.Second, high-rise building energy saving design development prospectsFacing the global energy of the growing tension, the countries of the world, especially euramerican developed country to energy saving technology has given full attention. In the past 30 years, countries in the high-rise building design and construction, new building materials, the development and application of the high-rise building energy conservation regulations formulated and implemented, high-rise building energy-saving attestation and management has done a lot of work. Not only save a huge amount of energy, gained considerable economic benefit, and improved the atmosphere environment, reduces the destruction of the ozone layer.But in China the high-rise buildings from energy-saving design work in the early 1990s just start. Therefore, we should do: first, energy aspect in design technology, actively adopt energy-saving building materials, new energy-saving wall body, the roof insulation technology, energy-saving door window insulation and airtight technology, increasing new and renewable energy such as solar energy and low thermal can in high-rise buildings, and further promote the application of different energy heat pump technology, products and recycling waste heat, waste heat technology; Secondly, in the high-rise building energy-saving design management, to strengthen high-level building energy efficiency standardization work, strictly enforce the energy-saving design of high-rise building, high-rise building energy-saving design as high-rise building design meets the standards important assessment project; Again, in the high-rise building, the use of equipment products should adopt the energy-saving heating and air-conditioning equipment, and improve the energy efficiency of equipment operation, in order to achieve the purpose of energy-saving better.In short, the energy conservation of the building is one of the basic state policy of national development, high-rise building is the landmark buildings, so strong, pays special attention to energy conservation design of high-rise building, reasonable use and efficient use of energy resources, improving energy utilization, will promote national and local building energy saving and promote the whole society of building energy saving technology progress. Chinas high-rise building energy-saving road, should be in learning and borrowing abroad on the basis of successful practice, combined with actual situation in China, the establishment and the high-rise building energy-saving related key technology research and development efforts, accelerate to popularize the foreign advanced applicable energy-saving design technology, promote the development of the high-rise building energy-saving design. I believe in the near future, the joint effort of the high-rise building, our energy saving cause prosperous, bright future will be.References:1 peak, under the guidance of the principle of sustainable architecture senior commerce-residence building J, journal of architectural technology university carried xian, 2003, 192-195 page.2 YangShan etc, the structure design of high-rise building M, China construction science research institute, 1982.3 li jun, residential energy-saving design M, China architecture &building press, 2003.4 HaoCheng seal, ZhuLi ZhuYan, concerning the residential building system, the development of thinking J.j load of survey and design of construction technology and hebei province, January 2001.5 LTK BREEAM: BREEAM for environmental rating for the Economies - Building homes, Establishment, true Warlord Garston, 2000.高层建筑节能设计摘 要：早在20世纪70年代，建筑节能的概念就被正式提出，建筑节能的核心是减少建筑能耗，提高建筑中的能源利用效率。而随着我国经济的持续快速增长，城市化进程加快，高层建筑的发展已进入到住宅领域，并成为建筑行业的主流。因此，对于高层建筑节能设计的研究，已经成为人们普遍关心的热点问题。 本文对我国高层建筑节能设计的现状进行了总结和展望，希望可以为我国高层建筑节能设计更好地与国际接轨，提供一定的参考。 关键词：高层建筑；节能设计； 前景展望 引言 能源是人类赖以生存和发展的基本条件，随着社会进步和社会经济的快速发展，能源需求与供给的矛盾日益突出，节约能源是人类当前面临的重要任务之一。而建筑节能是世界建筑发展的一个基本趋势，也是建筑科学技术的一个新的增长点。 随着改革开放和经济的快速发展，我国高层建筑大量兴建，80年代我国高层建筑的发展进入了兴盛时期，90年代进入了飞跃发展的阶段。在高层建筑向着更高、更强方向发展的同时，其节能设计的总趋势也发展为在增进人体健康、提高舒适性的条件下，有效利用能源、合理利用资源、减少温室气体排放、保护人类生存环境。因此，高层建筑节能设计已经成为世界建筑界共同关注的课题，亦成为中国建筑业热点问题。 一、高层建筑中节能设计的应用现状 高层建筑节能是一项复杂的系统工程，从高层建筑本体技术到高层建筑用材料产品、高层建筑热环境用设备等都存在着节能潜力。因此，高层建筑节能设计应是在保证其使用功能、建筑质量和室内环境的前提下，采取各种有效的节能技术与管理措施。 1、外墙保温节能 对于我国现有高层建筑而言，其外部形式结构相似性较强，自身特点明显，且能耗主要集中体现在冬季的保温和夏季的隔热上，这样比较有利于节能技术的普及与推广。在高层建筑中外围护结构的热损耗较大，外围护结构中墙体又占了很大份额。所以高层建筑墙体改革与墙体节能技术的发展是高层建筑节能设计的一个最重要的环节，发展外墙保温技术及节能材料则是高层建筑节能的主要实现方式。节能设计主要体现在以下两方面： 在建筑的基本形式不能改变的情况下，高层建筑节能设计可采用外墙外保温技术的建筑节能改造模式，改造时可多考虑节能保温涂料与轻型保温板材等技术的复合运用。目前，高效建筑绝热材料的使用和复合墙体的做法在国内不断推广，通过墙体采用岩棉、玻璃棉、聚苯乙烯塑料、聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚乙烯塑料等新型高效保温绝热材料，减低外墙传热系数。 在对高层建筑其他功能的改造要求方面考虑较少的情况下，节能设计可采用外墙外保温技术和外墙内保温技术相结合的节能改造模式。改造时，因其支撑结构相对独立，各种技术运用的空间较大，可考虑以原有墙体作保温加固处理后再进行外包，宜采用各类型节能保温板材辅以保温辅料，并配合节能保温门窗等共同使用。 2、屋面保温隔热节能 屋面是建筑外围护结构所受室外温度最高的地方，面积也较大，对高层建筑而言其节能的重要性尤为突出，因此，屋面的保温隔热措施对改善高层建筑室内温度环境、节约整体能耗非常重要。 我国通常的屋面保温节能的做法是将容重低、导热系数小、吸水率低、有一定强度的轻质高效保温材料设置在防水层和屋面板之间，这种做法为正铺法。还有许多高层建筑采用了轻质高强、吸水率极低的挤塑聚苯板作为保温材料，采用倒铺法，取得了较好的效果。倒铺法是将防水层设置于保温层下，其优点是由于保温材料的保护作用，使防水材料免受室外空气温度的变化及施工人员来回走动所造成的损坏，大大延长了防水材料的使用年限，有一定节能功效，但造价较高。 目前，我国采用的浅色坡屋面节能设计技术。它既能有效排水，防止屋面渗漏，又能有效隔热保温，节约能源。深暗色的屋顶仅反射不到30%的日照，而非金属浅颜色的屋顶至少反射65%的日照，反射率高的屋顶大约节省2030%的能源消耗。 3、太阳能节能 高层建筑节能设计的另一个方面是开发利用新能源，太阳能作为一种可再生的洁净能源，是建筑上很有利用潜力的新能源之一。太阳能在我国大部分地区都具有良好的利用条件，全年日照时间最长可达2 8003 300 h，年日照