大学英语四级翻译.ppt

大学英语四级翻译 主讲人 张荣 1 句型以及其倒装使用 2008年6月翻译真题第91题 直到他完成使命 didherealizethathewasseriouslyill 2008年6月翻译真题第91题 直到他完成使命 didherealizethathewasseriouslyill Key Notuntilheaccomplished finishedthemission 例 Notonly 他向我收费过高 buthedidn tdoagoodrepair Notonlydidhechargemetoomuch 他向我收费过高 buthedidn tdoagoodrepair Notonly butalso So Such that Notuntil Neither nor Hardly barely scarcely when Nosooner than Onlyby through in 87 Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation 也没有解释为什么 87 Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation 也没有解释为什么 nordidtheymakeanyexplanation nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso 2 从句 a 定语从句 2008年12月翻译真题第87题 Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems 他们至今还没有答案 2008年12月翻译真题第87题 Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems 他们至今还没有答案 Key which thattheyhaven tfoundanswersto b 状语从句 真题中出现过如if条件状语从句 2007年6月第91题 nomatter引导的让步状语从句 2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题 89 Leavingone sjob 不管是什么工作 isadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring 89 Leavingone sjob 不管是什么工作 isadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring 89 whateverjobitis nomatterwhatjobitis 主语从句 90 很多人所没有意识到的 isthatSimonisaloverofsports andfootballinparticular 90 很多人所没有意识到的 isthatSimonisaloverofsports andfootballinparticular 答案 whatmanypeopledon trealize whatahostoffolksdon trealize 2 1主语从句 1 引导主语从句连词有that whether who what whatever等 2 连词位于句首不能省略 3 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数 但也有例外 Whatweneedaregooddoctors 1 Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall 2 Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown 3 Whowillbeourmonitorhasn tbeendecidedyet 4 Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance 5 Whateveryoudidisright 6 Whatweneedistime 1 Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch 2 Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot Itturnedoutthat Ithasbeenprovedthat Ithappened occurredthat Itiswell knownthat 等等 2 2宾语从句 1 宾语从句 通常是由that引导的宾语从句 常置于句末并用it作形式宾语 例如 WethinkitimportantthatMaryshouldtellthetruth that从句作介词宾语只用于exceptthat和inthat结构 例如 Hisreportiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted Criticismandself criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectourmistakes Tellmehowyouwenttoschool Johnwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice buthewenttothestationyesterday Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing Thebossaskedmewhether ifshewasqualifiedforthetask 2 3同位语从句 Wecan tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight 2 4定语从句 1 Ishethemanwho thatwantstoseeyou 2 Heisthemanwhom thatIsawyesterday 3 ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher why forwhichwhere in at on ich 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub 2 5状语从句 1 时间状语从句2 地点状语从句3 原因状语从句4 条件状语从句5 目的状语从句6 让步状语从句7 比较状语从句8 方式状语从句9 结果状语从句 2 5 1时间状语从句 常用引导词 when as while assoonas before after since till until特殊引导词 theminute themoment thesecond everytime theday theinstant immediately directly nosooner than hardly when scarcely whenNosoonerhadIarrivedhome thenitbegantorain 常用引导词 where特殊引导词 wherever anywhere everywhere 常用引导词 because since as for特殊引导词 seeingthat nowthat inthat consideringthat giventhat 目的状语从句常用引导词 sothat inorderthat特殊引导词 lest incase forfearthat inthehopethat forthepurposethat totheendthat 结果状语从句常用引导词 so that such that 特殊引导词 suchthat tothedegreethat totheextentthat tosuchadegreethat 条件状语从句常用引导词 if unless 特殊引导词 as solongas onlyif providing providedthat supposingthat incasethat onconditionthat 让步状语从句常用引导词 though although evenif eventhough特殊引导词 as 用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 while 一般用在句首 nomatter inspiteofthefactthat while whatever whoever wherever whenever however whicheverMuchasIrespecthim Ican tagreetohisproposal 比较状语从句常用引导词 as 同级比较 than 不同程度的比较 特殊引导词 themore themore justas so AistoBwhat asXistoY no morethan notAsomuchasB 方式状语从句常用引导词 as asif how特殊引导词 thewayWheninRome doastheRomando 2 6表语从句 名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句 例如 Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed 3 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 89 Theprofessorrequiredthat 我们交研究报告 byWednesday 89 Theprofessorrequiredthat 我们交研究报告 byWednesday 89 we should handinourresearchreport 87 Youwouldnothavefailedifyou 按照我的指令去做 87 Youwouldnothavefailedifyou 按照我的指令去做 87 hadfollowedmyinstructions 88 Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier Mary 就不会被大雨淋了 答案 wouldn thavebeencaughtbytheheavyrain 88 Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthat 能被分配做另一项工作 88 Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthat 能被分配做另一项工作 解析 shecouldbeassigned to anotherjob 1 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 三种不同的形式 1 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity hewouldmakefulluseofhistime Ifheweretocomehere hewouldtellusaboutit 2 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 Ifhewerefree hewouldhelpus Ifhestudiedatthisschool hewouldknowyouwell 3 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 IfIhadseenthefilm Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit IfIhadgotthereearlier IwouldhavemetMr Li 3 当虚拟语气的谓语动词含有were should had时 if可省略 而将were should had等词置于句首 如 1 Shouldheagreetogothere wewouldsendhimthere 2 Wereshehere shewouldagreewithus 3 Hadhelearntaboutcomputers wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere forfearthat incase lest should 动词原形 Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate asif asthough状语从句 Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome 三 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 英语中 如 advise ask demand desire decide insist 坚决要求 order propose request suggest 建议 表示请求 要求 命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气 其的结构为 should 原形动词 如 Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟 ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务 wish IwishIlearntEnglishwell 我希望我已学好了英语 IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿 Hewisheswecouldgoandplaygameswithhim 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏 wouldrather hadrather wouldsooner I dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday I dratheryouwereherenow We dratheryouwentheretomorrow 主语从句 1 Itisadmirable dreadful extraordinary odd remarkable sad advisable annoying disappointing surprising upsetting frightening better best curious desirable important strange peculiar proper necessary natural that 2 Itisapity ashame nowonder that 3 Itissuggested requested desired proposed that 4 Itworriesmethat Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork 比较级 90 Themoreyouexplain 我愈糊涂 90 themoreconfusedIam 90 Onaverage itissaid visitorsspendonly 一半的钱 inadayinLeedsasinLondon 90 halfasmuch money 88 SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 88 nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading或tome nothingismoreimportantthanreading 1 由 as 形容词 as 或 as 形容词 名词 as 构成 Mygrandpaisasenergeticasayoungman 2 由 notso as 形容词 as 或 notso as 形容词 名词 as 构成 Luckilytheweatherwasnotsowetasitistoday 由 many muchmore 可数 不可数名词 than MyfriendearnedmuchmoremoneythanIdidlastyear 1 表示 越来越 的意思 比较级 and 比较级 或 moreandmore lessandless 原级 结构 与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow get become等 Shefeltherselfbecomingmoreandmorenervous Asthewinterisdrawingnear it sgettingcolderandcolder 2 表示两者之间更 the 比较级 ofthetwo 名词 Janeisthetallerofthetwochildreninourfamily 3 表示 越 越 the 比较级 the 比较级 Themoremagazinesyousell themoremoneyyouwillget 4 否定 比较级 相当于最高级 Waituntilwegetasatisfactoryreply willyou Icouldn tagreemore Theideasoundsgreattome 倍数表示法 timesas 形容词原级 as times 形容词比较级 than timesthe 性质名词 of Thedininghallisthreetimesaslargeasthatone Thedininghallisthreetimeslargerthanthatone Thedininghallisthreetimesthesizeofthatone 比较级前面可以用even still yet any much alittle alot byfar等修饰语用以加强或表示比较程度 Totellyouthetruth myboyfriendismucholderthanme 3 非谓语动词 a 分词做伴随状语 2008年6月第90题 与我成长的地方相比 thistownismoreprosperousandexciting key ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup 注意 答案中除过去分词 comparedwith 做伴随外 还含有where引导的定语从句 b 动词不定式做目的状语 2006年6月第88题 为了挣钱供我上学 Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher Key tosupportmyuniversitystudies Vt V ing 习惯上取动名词为直接宾语 如例A B admit 承认 advise 劝告 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 escape 脱逃 finish 做完 keep on 持续 practice 练习 quit 停止 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 stand 忍受 否定句 stop 停止 understand 了解 etc Vt V ing toV 动名词或不定式皆可 表达的意思大致相同 如例C begin 开始 cease 停止 continue 继续 fear 恐惧 start 开始 etc Vt V ing toV 可取动名词 也可取不定式 但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同 如例D dislike 不喜欢 forget 忘却 hate 讨厌 恨 like 喜欢 love 爱 喜欢 need 需要 remember 记得 try 尝试 want 需要 etc 情态动词 90 Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople 出门在外时可能会感到孤独 90 Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople 出门在外时可能会感到孤独 90 mightfeellonelywhentheyarefarfromhome arenotintheirhometown traveling 88 Ican tbootmycomputernow Something 一定出了毛病 withitsoperationsystem 88 Ican tbootmycomputernow Something 一定出了毛病 withitsoperationsystem 88 mustbewrong 87 Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch 能应用于新技术的开发 87 Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch 能应用于新技术的开发 87 canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology 1 对将来情况的推测 用 情态动词 动词原形 1 Shemust may might couldarrivebefore5 5 00前她一定 可能 也许到 2 对现在或一般情况的推测 用 情态动词 be 情态动词 bedoing 或 情态动词 动词原形 1 Hemust may might couldbelisteningtotheradionow 他一定 可能 也许正在听收音机 2 Hecan t couldn t may might notbeathomeatthistime 这个时候他不可能 可能不在家 3 对过去情况的推测 用 情态动词 have 过去分词 1 Itmust may might couldhaverainedlastnight Thegroundiswet 地湿了 昨晚肯定 可能 也许下雨了 2 Thedoorwaslocked Hecan co