Unit 8 Knowledge and Wisdom.ppt

UnitSix KnowledgeandWisdom abridged BertrandRussell Abouttheauthor BertrandRussell 1872 1970 Britishphilosopherandmathematician wasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof20thcenturyBritishphilosophy andwasespeciallyimportantforhisworkinmathematicallogicandnotableforhissupportofhumanitariancauses HismajorworksincludePrincipiaMathematica 3vols 1910 1913 writtenwithA N Whitehead andAHistoryofWesternPhilosophy 1945 Russellwastwiceimprisonedforactivitiesassociatedwithhisadvocacyofpacifism 1918 andawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950 Warm upDiscussion Whatkindofpeopleareconsideredknowledgeable Namesomegreatnames Whatkindofpeopleareconsideredwise Namesomegreatnames Whichismuchharderinyouropinion becomingknowledgeableorbecomingwise Why Whatistherelationshipbetweenknowledgeandwisdom Memorablequotes Scienceisorganizedknowledge Wisdomisorganizedlife Withoutknowledge Icannotplaytheviolin Withoutwisdom Icannotplaythemusic 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 7 Globalreading Isthistextanarration argumentation descriptionorexplanation Whatisthetopicandthesupportingdetails StructuralAnalysis Para 1 Whatviewiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom Isthereanyorthodoxdefinitionofwisdom Hasthewriterstatedthepurposeofthewriting Whatisit Para 2 5 Identifythetopicsentencesineachparagraph para 2 1stfactor comprehensivenessmixedwithasenseofproportionTopicsentence OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight paraphrase OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight l 1 3 Amongcontributorstowisdom Ishallseeasenseofproportionasthetoppriority Itreferstotheabilitytogetacomprehensiveviewofaproblem andinthemeantime notewhichaspectismoreimportantandwhichisless 首先 我要提出的是一种良好的比例意识 也就是能够考虑一个问题的所有重要方面 并分别给予它们适当重视的能力 Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians l 3 5 Ithasbecomemoredifficultthanbeforebecausedifferentkindsoftechniciansarerequiredtospecializeinmorecomplexandwiderrangeofknowledgetoday 由于现在要求各类技术人员掌握的专业知识越来越多 越来越复杂 要做到良好的比例意识比以前更难了 Youstudythecompositionoftheatomfromadisinteresteddesireforknowledge andincidentallyplaceinthehandsofpowerfullunaticsthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace l 14 16 Youstudythemake upoftheatomfromapurelongingforknowledge butyouputitintothehandsofmenofpowerwhoarecrazytouseittodestroythehumanrace 你出于对知识的纯粹渴望而研究原子的组成 然而这一研究却落入一群拥有权力的狂热分子手中 成为他们毁灭人类的工具 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 15 questions Whatdoes senseofproportion mean Why accordingtothewriter iscomprehensivenessanimportantfactorthatconstituteswisdom Whatmessagedoesthewritertrytoconveywiththeexampleoftechnicians para 3 2ndfactor afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlifeTopicsentence Theremustbe also acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife 仅有纵观全局的能力还不足以称之为智慧 我们还应对人类的终级目标有清醒的认识 17 可编辑 Questions Whatdoes theendsofhumanlife referto Accordingtothewriter howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom para 4 3rdfactor emancipationfrompersonalprejudiceTopicsentence Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice 在选择我们所追求的人生目标以及从个人偏见中解放出来时 智慧是必不可少的 paraphrase Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement l 3 4 Itwouldbeveryunwisetopursueagoalwhichisimpossibleofattainmentandboundtofailevenifitishonorabletorunafterit 追求一个不可能达到的目标是不明智的 即便它是个看似可以实现 且令人感到骄傲的追求目标 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 21 Questions Howcanwisdomhelponeinhis herpursuitofalife longcareer Whatdoes convincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness suggest para 5 4thfactor impartialityTopicsentence Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation asfaraspossible fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow 智慧的本质就是尽可能的从自身当前感受的禁锢中解放出来 paraphrase Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation asfaraspossible fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow l 1 2 Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistobefreefromthecruelandunjustpracticethatisbasedonwhathappensnowandhere 我想智慧的本质就是尽可能的从自身当前感受的禁锢中解放出来 Graduallywiththeyears hishorizonwidens andinproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates heachievesgrowingwisdom l 5 7 Ashegrowsolderandhaswiderexperience accordinglyhebecomesimpersonalandhisthoughtsandfeelingsarelessconcernedwithhimself hebecomeswiser 随着年龄的增长 视野的开阔 一个人的思想和情感变得不那么个人化 与自身的身体状况也不那么密切 这时他的智慧就会增长 Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality ontheonehand byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace andontheotherhand bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings l 9 12 Itispossibletobecomeincreasinglyimpartialbygainingknowledgeaboutthehistoryandthefuture andaboutotherpartsoftheworld andbyshowingduerespectandinteresttodifferentthings 但是我们有可能去不断地接近公正 一方面通过了解在时空上距离我们遥远的事物 另一方面在感情上给予它们应有的重视 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 26 Questions What accordingtoRussell istheessenceofwisdom Andhowcanoneacquiretheessence Whatdoes Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree mean 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 27 Questiontoponder DoyouagreewithRussellonhisdefinitionofwisdom Inyouropinion whatarethenecessaryelementsthatcontributetowisdom 3 10 2020 TangXiaoyun 28 Groupdebate Workingroupsanddiscusstheresponsibilitiesofscientistsandphilosophers Debateonwhosejobismoreimportant thescientists orthephilosophers Rhetoricalfeatures Parallelismtocontributeequivalentsyntacticconstructionstomaketheexpressionmoreforcefultoconveyone sideasmoreclearlytocreateasenseoforderandproportion Examples para 3 l 11 12 Itisbynowmeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingsarenarrow para 4 l 1 2 Itisnotonlyinpublicways butinprivatelifeequally thatwisdomisneeded para 5 l 9 12 Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality ontheonehand byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace andontheotherhand bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings C ETranslation Theresultoftheexperimentfarsurpassedtheirexpectations Weshouldtakefullaccountofthecostoftheprojectand