上外翻译I笔记(第十一讲).doc

第十一讲 主动与被动l 导入译例水烧开了 The water is boiled.房间打扫干净了 The house has been cleaned up.票卖光了 The ticket are sold out.稿子才写了一半 The article is half finished.Joe has taken my place. (I am released.) 重心在my placeThe place has been taken by Joe. (You dont have to bother.) 重心在by JoeThe place has been taken. (We are late.) The dishes must be washed up. (Anyhow someone has to do it!)You must wash up the dishes. (giving an order)幸亏一个渔夫救起了他Fortunately, a fisherman picked him up. 渔夫很幸运Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman. 我很幸运l 英汉主动被动比较英语中有被动语态，汉语中只有被动句式鸡吃光了The chicken has been eaten up. (The chicken has eaten up its food.)信寄了？Has the letter been mailed?l 英语常见被动形式典型被动句：This book is not well accepted by the readers.简化被动句：This book does not sell well. The house will not let. (The house will not be let.) 这个房子租不出去 （这个房子不出租）l 英语简化被动语态These shirts wash well. 这些衬衫耐洗This composition reads smooth. 这篇文章读起来很顺口The door wont lock. 这门锁不上Velvet feels smooth. 天鹅绒摸上去很光滑She doesnt photograph well. 她不上镜Damp clothes iron easily. 湿衣服好烫简化被动语态强调事物本身的一种特质士兵被打伤了一条胳膊The soldiers arm was wounded.墙上被炸出了一个洞A big hole was blown in the wall.他被人画了一张漫画Someone has drawn a caricature of him.l 英语被动语态的用法不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑无从说出主动者是谁便于上下文衔接突出谈话的中心显得客观、正式简化句子结构l 用法1：不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的We havent been told about it. 没有人告诉我们这件事The English evening has been put off till Saturday. 英语晚会已经延期到星期六举行l 用法2：出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑You are requested to give us a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目It is hoped that the child will cure her bad habit of crying. 希望孩子能够改掉爱哭的不良习惯Turn in the paper tomorrow, if it can be done. 论文要是大家能够完成的话，就明天交吧l 用法3：无从说出主动者是谁You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话Rice is chiefly grown in the south. 大米主要产于南方The problem is being studied. 该问题正在研究l 用法4：便于上下文衔接He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他在台上出现，观众热烈鼓掌欢迎Jack fought John in the mens singles last night and was defeated.杰克昨晚在男子单打比赛中与约翰相遇，结果输了l 用法5：突出谈话的中心The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生写的The program was designed by ourselves. 这套程序是我们自己设计的She is spied on by a nosy, suspicious neighbor.一个疑神疑鬼爱管闲事的邻居总是窥探她的生活l 用法6：显得客观It is believed that they would do it again.It is said/estimated/reported/learned/predicted/rumored thatIt cannot be denied (must be admitted) thatIt is generally considered that 人们一般认为It is understood thatl 用法7：显得正式A party will be held by classes I and II. Your presence will be appreciated.Under the auspices of the students Union, a lecture will be given by on at.l 用法8：简化句子结构若要信到，贴足邮票Letters wont be sent unless adequately stamped.话不说不明Words unspoken are not clear.A few moments after the accident, he was seen by a policeman to whom he made an oral statement.事故发生后不久，他遇到了警察并向他口头描述了事情的经过l 翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动（用施事者做主语）It is considered to be cruel by many British people to send animals to rockets into outer space.很多英国人认为，把动物用火箭送上太空是相当残忍的Energy is needed for this reaction and it is supplied by the light of the sun.这种反应需要能量，而太阳光则能提供所需的能量l 翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动（保留原主语）The subject will be treated more fully later.这个主题稍后将详细讨论The solution to the problem was finally found.这个问题的解决办法终于找到了l 翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动（增添适当主语）I am afraid that I shall be laughed at.我担心人家笑话我John was seen to steal from the store.有人看见约翰从商店偷东西l 翻译方法2：英语被动转化汉语无主句Nothing can be done without money.没有钱就无法做事Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak room.请来宾把大衣放在衣帽间里It is hoped that Shanghai will be able to establish friendly relations with more foreign cities.希望上海今后能与更多国外城市建立友好关系l 翻译方法3：英语被动转化汉语判断句Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的I was received by Mr. Wang when I first came to Hong Kong.第一次来香港的时候是王先生接待我的l 翻译方法4：英语被动转化汉语被动She was set up and was sentenced to life imprisonment.她遭人陷害，被判无期徒刑His discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.他的这项发现在科学界受到高度评价Vegetable oil has been known since antiquity.植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉The child is spoiled.这孩子给宠坏了Jack was beaten black and blue.杰克让人打得青一块紫一块的This task will be accomplished by the second group.这项任务将由第二组来完成This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the surface of the earth is curved.只有假定地球表面是不平的，这种现象才能得到解释This region must be protected from too frequent visits.这个地区必须加以保护，避免过于频繁的参观l 其它转换译例The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice.把温度降低以便使水变成冰The whole party was ruined by his presence.他的到来把整个聚会搞砸了The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.由于打破了权利的过度集中，从而实现了经济自由Ten percent reduction in the auto accidents was realized by exercising tighter control over the speed limit.由于加强了公路车速限制，车祸发生率下降了十个百分点l 巩固练习The famous hotel has been practically ruined by the big fire.这场大火几乎使这家知名宾馆化为灰烬这家知名的宾馆在这场大火中几乎化为灰烬A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.本月早些时候在海岸线附近人们发现了一群鲨鱼The sense of inferiority he acquired in his youth has never been eradicated.他年轻时形成的自卑感至今都没有完全消除他至今都没能摆脱年轻时形成的自卑感Over the years 26 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.过去这些年里宪法增加了26项修正案，但基本文件始终未变The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制While there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the NYSE.股票事实上成千上万，但那些买卖最活跃的通常是在纽交所上市的Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as mush as possible.有些人误以为人们喜欢积蓄精力，喜欢休息，喜欢尽可能保养自己These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers by executing their orders.这些股票经纪人通过按买卖双方要求进行交易从中提取佣金Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that th