北鼎教育-北外研究生考试英语专业精华词汇、词组翻译.doc

全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌2014年 北鼎教育 北京外国语大学 英语专业翻译笔记精华词汇词组翻译“闪光”之说：1、shine: 照耀，指光稳定发射；2、glitter: 闪光，指光不稳定发射；3、glare: 耀眼，表示光的强度最大；4、sparkle:闪烁，指发射微细的光度。打破”之说：1、break: 一般用语，经打击或施加压力而破碎；2、crack:出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片；3、crush: 指从外面用力向内或从上向下压而致碎；4、demolish: 破坏，铲平或削平（如土壤，建筑物，城堡等）；5、destroy: 在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原；6、shatter:突然使一个物体粉碎；7、smash: 指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。有关“死”之说：1、去世，与世长辞：to pass away;2、寿终： to close (end) ones day;3、咽气，断气： to breathe ones last;4、归西： to go west;5、了解尘缘： to pay the debt of nature;6、命归黄泉： to depart to the world of shadows;7、见阎王： to give up the gost;8、翘辫子： to kick the bucket;9、蹬腿： to kick up ones heels;10、不吃饭： to lay down ones knife and fork. 有关怀孕（pregnant）之说：1、she is having baby;2、she is expecting;3、she is in a family way;4、she is in a deliacate condition;5、she is in an interesting condition;6、she is knitting little booties.broken涵义种种：1、a broken man: 一个绝望的人；2、a broken soldier: 一个残废的军人；3、broken money: 零花钱；4、a broken promise: 背弃的诺言；5、broken English: 蹩脚的英语；6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志；7、a broken heart: 破碎的心。准确理解“kill”（后面附词义）:1、he killed the man.杀；2、he killed the dog,宰；3、he killed time down at the park,消磨；4、he killed his chance of success,断送；5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee,否决；6、he killed himself by overwork,致死；7、he killed the spirit of the group,抹杀；8、he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week,喝光；9、kill the peace,扼杀；10、kill the friendship,终止；11、kill a marriage,解除。“声誉”种种：1、fame:褒义，指关于一个人的人格、行为、才能等方面的优点；2、reputation和repute差不多，可褒义可贬义，指对人或物的评价、看法，词义较窄；3、distinction，褒义，指因职衔、地位或人格所造成的，通常包含“优越于人，与众不同”；4、renown，褒义，指显赫的声誉或应该得到的荣誉；5、notoriety，贬义，与fame相对应。“空空如也”：1、hollow，表示“空洞的，虚的，不实的，下陷的，可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等连用；2、vacant，表示”没人占用的，出缺的“，常和position, room, house, seat等连用；3、empty，表示”空的，一无所有的“，可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等连用.你能理解”or“吗？1、连接两个对等的事物或人，可译为”或“，”或者“；2、前后为同一个事物时，应译为”即“，”或称“，”或作“The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood.附译文：路丁，即有时所称的维生素P，其对毛细血管壁的确切作用（机理）还不了解。3、连接两组数字，代表不同单位的同一数量时，一般译为”合“，”等于“；Normal temperature in man is 98.6F or 37C(遗憾的时表温度上标我不会)。4、从or中导致方面结果时，应译为”否则“；Hurry up, or you will be late.5、”or so “左右；or more以上；or rather甚至general涵义种种：1、全身麻醉 general anesthesia2、普查，集体检查 general check-up3、一般健康情况 general health condition4、综合性医院 general hospital5、总路线 genegral line6、大纲 general outline7、弥漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis8、普通医师 general practitioner9、总查（病）房 general purpose10、秘书长 general secretary你能“定”下来吗？1、set a date: 决定日期2、set an example：树立榜样3、set fruit：结果子4、set a fire： 点火5、set a severed limb：断肢再接6、set sail：开航，起航7、set the camera lens：调整（相机）镜头8、set a pen to paper:：动笔，下笔9、set a new task：提出新任务10、set down all items：记下所有项目11、set oneself to learn from：决心向。学习你知道这有多”重“？1、heavy applause：热烈的鼓掌2、heavy gait：沉重的步态3、heavy chemicals大量生产的化学药品4、heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海面5、heavy sleep：熟睡6、heavy smoker：烟瘾大的人7、heavy current：强电流8、heavy eater：食量大的人9、heavy task：繁重的任务10、heavy food：油腻而难消化的食物11、heavy traffic:拥挤的交通12、heavy weather：恶劣的天气13、heavy road：泥泞的路14、heavy rain：大雨15、heavy clouds：厚云16、heavy crops：丰收17、heavy frost：浓霜18、heavy wine：烈酒19、heavy news：悲痛的消息20、heavy heart：忧愁的心21、heavy fire：猛烈的炮火22、heavy bread：没有发酵好的面包23、heavy wire：粗线24、heavy load：重载25、heavy storm：暴风雨26、heavy reader:沉闷冗长的读物“强度”怎么说？1、intensity:指强烈的程度，多用于磁、电、热、光、声、火、劳动等抽象或非（易于触摸到的）实体。例：colour intensity intensity of light2、strength:指坚强的程度，用于可触摸到的具体实物抗拒能力的大小。strength of cement(水泥标号) engine strengthworking strength你打牢“基础”了吗？1、base：指有形、具体的基础、基地。base line 基线 base plate 底座cotton base 产棉区 data base 数据库paint base 底漆 raw material base 原料基地2、basic：基本的，碱性的basic Bessemer steel 底吹碱性转炉钢basic hole 基孔 basic industry 基础工业basic material 碱性材料3、basis：无形、抽象的基础、根据econimic basis 经济基础hole basis 基孔制scientific basis 科学根据4、foundation：指大厦建筑物的地基，引申为“根据”foundation bolt 地脚螺栓material foundation of society社会物质基础reinforced concrete foundation钢筋混凝土基础The rumour has no foundation这传闻毫无根据你了解这些“组织”吗？1、construction：指“构造”（将零部件装配，组合在一起成为整体的方式）；“结构”（各组成部分的搭配和排列，建筑物上承担重力部分的构造）aircraft construction飞机构造welded construction焊接结构This machine is simple in construction这种机器构造简单body construction车身（机身、弹体）构造capital construction基本建设physical construction机械构造prefabricated construction预制构造ships of similiar construction结构类似的船2、structure：“结构、组织”age structure年龄构成atomic structure原子结构steel stucture钢结构shell stucture薄层结构brick stucture砖建筑物geological stucture地质构造market stucture市场结构microscopic stucture显微组织The human body is a wonderful stucture人体是个奇妙的构造物the stucture of a plant一种植物的构造charge涵义知多少？1、费用：service charge服务费；2、责任：in charge of 负责；3、装料：furnace charge炉料；4、电荷：induced charge感应电荷；5、装药：shaped charge锥孔炸药再解“develop”1、发展：agriculture develpopmentsocial developmentindustrial develpopmentdevelopment in foreign affairs2、开发water-power developmentoil-field developmentdevelopment of natural resouercesinterllectual development3、研制advanced development远景产品研制，样机试制under developmentengineering developmentoperatinal development产品改进性研制exploratory development探索性研制4、开拓ore developmentlateral development水平开拓5、展开（用于数学）series development级数展开development of function函数的展开6、显影chemical development化学显影over development显影过度time development定时显影The shade meaning of power:【数学】乘方、幂The sixth power of two is sixty-four.【力学】力：horse power功率：rated power额定功率【电学】电力：power network电源：power switch功率：power export【化学】能：chemical power本领：catalytic power催化本领化合价：Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.【机械】动力：power shaft传动轴力：brake power【社会】力量：knowlege is power权力：politica power强国：superpowerThe shade meaning of system:【机电】系统：electric light system电照明系统lubricating system润滑系统电力网：system fault电力网故障装置：tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置top charging system炉顶装料装置设备：loading system转载设备制：basic hole(shaft) system基孔（轴）制【数学】组：system of equations【力学】系：system of forces【化学】法：acid system酸法【社会】体系：industrial system制度：social system方法：a new system of teaching foreign languageThe shade meaning of work:工作：work experience工件：stamp work模锻工件工厂： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works工事：defence works著作：new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书功：mechanical work运转：The machine works well.加工：The wood works easily.起作用：The medicine works.造成：work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹The shade meaning of sound:【声音】sound wave【听起来】The plan sounds reasonable.【发音】sound every syllable!每个音节都要发音。The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进，一路锤测水深。【完好的】sound metal优质金属【牢固的】sound casting 坚实的铸件The sahde meaning of sound:【圆的】round plate【整的】a round ton【环形】a round trip往还一次【圆角】fillet and round内圆角和外圆角【弹】guided round (missile)导弹【围绕】The moon moves round the earth.【到处】show sb round【使圆】round the corners【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416废物之说：1、litter：并不是真正意义上的废物，而是用后散置的“杂物”，相当于odds and ends，或索性说是残余物（leavings）Always pick up your litter after a picnic.2、waste：真正的废物，美国人常用trash,此字还有“残屑”、或“垃圾”之意。垃圾篓美国人用trash can；英国用dustbin.美国人把南方的穷苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可见，此词又可作“无价值的人或物”解释。That book is mere trash.3、rubbish：范围广，真正的废物。也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说！)”英国人常说：That book is all rubbish.4、厨房残屑:kitchen refuse或refuse：此词做废物或无用之物讲，但一般指固体废物，不指可排泄的垃圾。5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.6、junk:垃圾、废物。原意是“破烂货”。His writing is all junk.7、废人、社会渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hoboHe is now a has-been(他现成了废物)He outlived his usefulness.Commitment译法:动词commit在字典中涵义：1、 犯、行、作：commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide2、 委托、付诸：commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托资金与保管委员会)；commit a bill(议会将议案交付委员审查)；commit thoughts to writing(将想法写出来)；commit something to memory(暗记某事)；3、 承担：If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brothers school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.4、 (束缚身体之意转为)牵累，陷入，献身：Do not commit yourself(勿自限累)；commit oneself to a promise;例析：1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.在过去十年中，我们比历史上任何时期都力求更加热心地、更加献身地、更加成功地来达到这个目标(献身)。2、（李光耀对新加坡人的定义）A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it ismulti-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking-and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.一个新加坡人就是一个对现存的多元种族、容忍互助而又高瞻远瞩的社会，以献身精神来支持它，并装备为它付出生命的人（献身的）。3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.我相信两党的总统候选人，都应绝对