医学英语疾病介绍——Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌).ppt

BreastCancer 乳腺癌 PinkRibbon hasbeenastheworldrecognizedidentificationBreastcancerpreventionactivities publicityfor earlyprevention earlydetection earlytreatment thisinformation 粉红丝带 作为全球乳腺癌防治活动的公认标识 用于宣传 及早预防 及早发现 及早治疗 ThePinkRibbon BreastCancerToday InChina Chinaisoneofthecountrieswithlowerincidenceofbreastcancer 中国是乳腺癌低发病率的国家之一 Butinrecentyears theincidenceincreasedsignificantly 但近年来发病率出现了引人注目的增长 Anannual 每年的 increaseof3 to4 Morethan1to2 oftheworldlevel Theincidencerateisoneofthewomenmostsusceptibletotumor 发病率为女性易患肿瘤第一位 Theincidenceofbreastcancerfromage40to60yearsgenerally Butchinesepatientswithearlyageofonset The45 year oldisthemaximumageofsickness 乳腺癌的好发年龄为40 60岁 但我国患者发病年龄提前 45岁为发病最高峰 Hormonalinfluence 激素影响 Longdurationofreproductivelife 育龄的长时间持续 Nulliparity n li p r ti 未产妇 Lateageatfirstchild 老龄生育 Functioningovarian ve ri n tumor 卵巢肿瘤影响 Fibrocysticdisease 乳腺纤维囊性病 Radiationexposure 射线照射 Obesity 肥胖 Geneticpredisposition遗传倾向 CausesAndRiskFactors Outline Themostobviousriskfactorforbreastcancerisbeingawoman Mengetthedisease too butitisabout100timesmorecommoninwomen Othertopriskfactorsincludebeingoverage55orhavingacloserelative 有亲缘关系 whohashadthedisease Butkeepinmindthatupto80 ofwomenwithbreastcancerhavenofamilyhistoryoftheillness 80 的乳腺癌患者并无家族病史 CausesAndRiskFactors BreastCancer WhyMe Beingoverweight 过度肥胖 gettingtoolittleexercise 极少锻炼 anddrinkingmorethanonealcoholicbeverageperday 每天喝超过一定量的含酒精饮料 canraisetheriskofdevelopingbreastcancer Birthcontrolpills 避孕药 andsomeformsofpostmenopausal p st men p z l hormonetherapy 某些形式的绝经后激素疗法 canalsoboostyourrisk 提高发病几率 Recentstudiessuggestthatphysicalactivity 体育活动 mayhelplowertheriskofarecurrence 降低复发率 andit saprovenmood booster 被公认为 愉悦情绪激发器 CausesAndRiskFactors RiskFactorsinYourControl BreastAnatomy outerupperquadrant 外上四分之一区域 50 Centralzone 中心区域 20 10 outerlowerquadrant 外下四分之一区域 10 innerlowerquadrant 内下四分之一区域 innerupperquadrant 内上四分之一区域 10 BreastAnatomy Site 发病部位 Thereareoftennosymptomsofearlybreastcancer butsometimeswomenmaydiscoverabreastproblemontheirown Signsandsymptomstobeawareofmayinclude Apainlesslump 无痛的肿物 inthebreast Changesinbreastsizeorshape 乳房大小和形状改变 Swellinginthearmpit mp t 腋窝处隆起 Nipplechangesordischarge 乳头变化或出现非生理性泌乳 Symptoms Signsandtests Testsusedtodiagnoseandmonitorpatientswithbreastcancer 用于诊断和监控乳腺癌患者的试验 mayinclude Mammography 乳房X线摄影术 toscreenforbreastcancer 显示乳腺癌病灶 orhelpidentifythebreastlump 帮助辨别乳房肿物 Theearlierbreastcancerisfound theeasieritistotreat Andmammograms X raysofthebreast candetecttumors 能够探测肿瘤 beforetheyarelargeenoughtofeel 在它们生长到足够大以至于可以被感觉到之前 11 可编辑 Signsandtests BreastMRI 乳房核磁共振成像 tohelpbetteridentifythebreastlump 帮助更好地辨别乳房肿物的性质 orevaluate v lj e t anabnormalchangeonamammogram 评估乳房造影摄片上可见的异常改变 Breastultrasound ltr sa nd 乳房超声检测 toshowwhetherthelumpissolid 固态的 orfluid filled 充满液体的 Anultrasoundcanhelpdeterminethepresenceofcysts fluid filledsacsthatarenotcancer 超声检测可以帮助判定病灶区包囊的出现和充满液体的囊并非都是癌症改变 MRI Magnetic m g net k Resonance rez n ns Imaging 核磁共振成像 Signsandtests Theonlysurewaytodeterminewhetheralumpiscanceristodoabiopsy ba ps 活体组织切片检查 Thisinvolvestakingatissuesampleforfurtherexaminationinthelab sometimesthroughasmallneedle 通过细小针头抽取 Sometimessurgeryisdonetotakepartofortheentirelumpfortesting 手术切除部分肿物送检 Theresultswillshowwhetherthelumpiscancer andifso whattype 活检结果会显示肿物是否为癌症 如果是还可以判定它的型别 First don tpanic 首先不要恐慌 Eightypercentofbreastlumpsarenotcancerous 80 的乳房肿块并不是癌性的 Lumpsoftenturnouttobeharmlesscysts 常常被证明是无害的囊肿 ortissuechangesrelatedtoyourmenstrual menstr l cycle 或是与你的月经周期相关的组织改变 Butyoushouldletyourdoctorknowrightawayifyoufindanythingunusual 不寻常的 inyourbreast Ifitiscancer theearlierit sfoundthebetter Andifit snot testingcangiveyoupeaceofmind Signsandtests WhatIfYouFindaLump Therearemanytypesofbreastcancersurgery fromtakingouttheareaaroundthelump lumpectomy l m p kt mi 乳房肿瘤切除术 orbreast conservation k ns ve n 保留 surgery 乳腺癌保乳治疗 toremovingtheentirebreast mastectomy m stekt m 外科 全乳房切除术 It sbesttodiscusstheprosandcons 各自的优缺点 ofeachoftheseprocedures pr si d 流程 withyourdoctorbeforedecidingwhat srightforyou Treatment Surgery RadiationTherapyforBreastCancerRadiationtherapyuseshigh energyraystokillcancercells 用高能量的射线杀伤癌细胞 Itmaybeusedafterbreastcancersurgerytowipeoutanycancercellsthatremain 通常在乳腺癌手术之后采用放射疗法来清除任何残存的癌细胞 Itcanalsobeusedalongwithchemotherapy 与化疗一同使用 fortreatmentofcancerthathasspreadtootherpartsofthebody 针对已经扩散到身体其他部位的乳腺癌 Sideeffectscaninclude 副作用包括 fatigueandswelling 水肿 orasunburn likefeelinginthetreatedarea 治疗局部有烈日灼烧感 Treatment AdditionalTreatments Treatment AdditionalTreatments ChemotherapyforBreastCancerChemotherapyusesdrugstokillcancercellsanywhereinthebody 化疗使用药物来杀伤体内任何部位的癌细胞 ThedrugsareoftengivenbyIV intravenousinjection通常采用静脉注射 butaresometimestakenbymouth 有时也经口服 Chemotherapymaybedoneaftersurgerytolowertheodds 优势 几率 ofthecancercomingback 术后进行化疗可以降低癌症的复发率 Inwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer 处于进展期乳腺癌的妇女 chemotherapycanhelpcontrolthecancer sgrowth 化疗可以帮助控制肿瘤的生长 Sideeffects 副作用 mayincludehairloss 脱发 nausea n s z 恶心 fatigue 疲劳 andahigherriskofinfection 更易受细菌感染 HormoneTherapyforBreastCancerHormonetherapyisaneffectivetreatmentforwomenwithER positiveorPR positivebreastcancer 激素疗法对ER阳性或PR阳性乳腺癌十分有效 Thesearecancersthatgrowmorerapidlyinresponsetothehormonesestrogenorprogesterone 即指对雌激素和孕酮的反应具有生长加速作用的乳腺肿瘤 Hormonetherapycanblockthiseffect 激素疗法可以阻断这个效应 Itismostoftenusedafterbreastcancersurgerytohelpkeepthecancerfromcomingback Itmayalsobeusedtoreducethechanceofbreastcancerdevelopinginwomenwhoareathighrisk 激素疗法同样也能减少乳腺癌易感妇女的患病几率 Treatment AdditionalTreatments TargetedDrugs 靶向药物治疗 forBreastCancerTargetedtherapies 靶向药物疗法 arenewerdrugs 新药 thattargetspecificpropertieswithincancercells 具有攻击癌细胞的特性 Forexample womenwithHER2 positivebreastcancerhavetoomuchofaproteincall