牛津版 选修六Unit4 Helping people around the world—Grammar课件（57张PPT）.ppt

英语教学课件 高二 上 unit4helpingpeoplearoundtheworldgrammarandusage objectives togetafurtherunderstandingofunrealconditionalstolearntheformsofmixedunrealconditionalstolearnothercasesthatneedtouseunrealconditionals 虚拟语气1 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 revision 2 在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中 表示与事实相反的条件和结果 1 与现在事实相反 if主语 主语 v原 was were v ed should wouldcould might 2 与过去事实相反 if主语 主语 havev ed3 与将来事实相反 if主语 主语 v原 should wouldcould might shouldwereto should wouldcould might hadbeen v ed revision if虚拟语气 过去时 did were would could should might v 原 过去完成时 would could should might have p p 1 过去时2 should v 3 weretodo would could should might v 原 readthepointsandexamplesonpage56 pleasefindout 1 howthetensesareusedintheif clauseandthemainclauseinpoint1 2 whichwordscanbeusedtoreplaceif clausesinimpliedconditionals 3 howtoexpressunrealconditionalsinadverbialclauses 4 howtouseunrealconditionalsinobjectclausesintroducedbythat 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 mixedconditionals 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif clauseareaboutdifferenttenses e g ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldnotbeintroublenow 1 ifihadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight iwouldbeallowedtowatchtvnow 如果我昨晚完成了作业 现在就被允许看电视了 从句说明过去情况 而主句说明现在情况 2 ifyoutoldmethetruthnow iwouldnotsendforyourparentstomorrow 如果你现在告诉我实话 我明天就不请你家长来了 从句说明现在情况 主句说明将来情况 ifi businessatuniversity i amanagernow ifihadtakenanalternativepathand medicine i alotofmedicalknowledge ifi alotaboutmedicine i abletohelpmysickmother ifi mysickmother i soupset hadnotstudied wouldnotbe hadstudied wouldhave knew wouldbe couldhelp wouldnotbe completepartaonpage57 2 weuseotherwise orandphrasesbeginningwithwith withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif clauseinimpliedconditionals withoutair therewouldbenolivingthings butforyourhelp icouldn thavedoneit iftherewerenoair ifithadn tbeenforyourhelp impliedconditionals 含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来 而隐含在某些介词短语中 如with without butfor等 或者通过副词or otherwise等上下文表示 1 withoutyourencouragement iwouldn thavesucceeded ifyouhadn tencouragedme iwouldn thavesucceededanyway 没有你的鼓励 我不会成功的 例如 2 with ifihad moremoney icouldhelpmorepeopleinneed 3 butforthe iftherewasno moneyyousentme iwouldstarvenow 4 iamtoohungry or otherwiseiwouldnottrytoeatyou ifiwerenotsohungry iwouldnottrytoeatyou 3 inadverbialclausesintroducedbyevenif asif asthoughandifonlywecanuseunrealconditionals introducedbyevenif asif though ifonly 在evenif asif though ifonly引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时也使用虚拟语气 与现在事实不符用一般过去时 与过去事实不符用过去完成时 即使生了病 他也去办公室 evenifhewereill hewouldgotohisoffice 他那样对待我 好像我是陌生人似的 hetreatedmeasifiwereastranger 她谈论那部影片 就好像她确实看过一样 shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit imitation 1 即使你有钱也不能这么浪费 youshouldnotwasteevenifyouwererich 2 看上去他们好像吃错药似的 itlookedasiftheyhadtakensomewrongmedicine 3 我女朋友逛起街来好像永远不知道累一样 mygirlfriendgoesshoppingasthoughsheneverfelttired 4 要是我现在就知道明天考试的答案就好了 ifonlyiknewtheanswerstotheexamtobeheldtomorrow 注意 上述连词也可以引导事实或者具有很大可能性是事实的从句 此时不必使用虚拟语气 例如 itlooksasifitisgoingtorain itseemsasthoughheislost 虚拟语气特殊句型 wish ifonly 现在 过去 未来 did were haddone woulddo 1 iwishiwereabird 现在 2 iwishihadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 3 wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 将来 ifonlyiknewhisname ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice ifonlyicouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus ifonlyihadn tmissedthetrain iwishiwereastallasyou 我希望和你一样高 hewishedhehadn tsaidthat 他希望他没讲那样的话 iwishitwouldraintomorrow 我希望明天下雨就好了 wishtodo wishsb sth todo想要 希望 iwishtoseethemanager iwanttoseethemanager iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce 2 wouldrather that 现在 过去 未来 iwouldratheryoupaidmenow iwouldratheryouhadgone too don tcome iwouldratheryoucametomorrow did did haddone 3 it s about high time that shoulddo did 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 it shightimethatyouwent it shightimethatyouweregoing it shightimethatyoushouldgo it stimethatwewenttobed it stimethatweshouldgotobed 4 表示要求 命令 建议的虚拟语气 1 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 即1 insist2 order command3 advise suggest propose4 demand desire require request这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 我们建议tom去休息一下 他坚决要求我到场 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 wesuggestedthattomhavearest heinsistedthati should bepresent thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere isuggestthatwe should holdameetingnextweek heinsistedthathe should besentthere 注意 如suggest insist不表示 建议 或 坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用于其本意 暗示 表明 或 坚持认为 时 宾语从句用陈述语气 theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody obey therules 2 heinsistedthatshe be seriouslyillandthat send tohospitalsatonce 3 hesuggestedthatwe have ameetingatonce 4 hispalefacesuggestedthathe be ill obey was besent have was 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气 即 should v 原形 名词形式 order advice suggestion proposal demand desirerequest requirement thesuggestionisthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 5 it snecessary strange natural important that clause从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty it snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 6 某些简单句的固定句型 heavenhelphim godblessyou mayyousucceed longlivethepeople srepublicofchina answers p57partb b 1 without 2 otherwise 3 wish 4 suggest 5 ifonly 6 asif 课本练习 reflectiontime ifthetenseofthemainclauseisdifferentfromthatoftheif clause wecanuse 2 tellsomeothercasesthatcanuseunrealconditionals 1 2 3 4 mixedconditionals otherwise with evenif asif asthough ifonly wish wouldrather suggest suggestion require requirement practice 1 ifi toschooltomorrow i mylessonsnow a weretogo woulddob wouldgo woulddoc went didd shouldgo amdoing a 2 today hewouldgettherebyfriday a wouldheleaveb washeleavingc werehetoleaved ifheleaves 3 ifit thisafternoon theenglishpartywouldberuined a rainsb rainedc willraind wasraining c b 4 i dratheryou theirinvitationyesterday a notacceptb wouldn tacceptc didn tacceptd hadn taccepted 5 itisimportantthatyou sportsevery a haveb wouldc musthaved willhave c a 6 theenglishexaminationiwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastsunday a inspiteofb butforc becauseofd asfor 7 yesterdayjanewentawayfromthediscussion otherwiseshe somethingshewouldregretlater a hadsaidb saidc mightd mighthavesaid b d 8 i mgladyoutoldmeaboutthematchbeingcancelled i dhavetraveledallthewaytolondonfornothing a thereforeb otherwisec besidesd however 9 ihopeyouenjoyedyourfoodverymuch sir yes notbad butthechicken alittletender a couldhavebeenb canbec mustbed shouldbe b a 10 yourtimelyhelp wecouldnothavefinishedthetaskaheadoftimelastweek a withb withoutc butford otherwise 11 ifanyone thisway wewouldbecaughtlikeratsinatrap a wouldcomeb hadcomec shouldcomed comes b c 12 thejobonthefarm theoldermen finditdifficulttogetanewjob a with shouldb without shouldc without wouldd with would c 13 ifmr smithhadrealizedthedanger he morechildrenrunoutoftheclassroom a wouldhelpb wouldhavehelpedc willhelpd hadhelped b ifweatableearlier wecouldn tbestandinghereinaqueue havebookedb bookedc bookd hadbooked 2013北京 答案 d 解析 考查虚拟语气 根据句意 如果我们早点订桌的话 我们就不可能在这里站着排队了 可知if从句是对过去的虚拟 用过去完成时态 高考链接 2 doyouthinkgeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest no ifso he hiscartoourcollegeyesterday a woulddriveb drovec wouldhavedrivend haddriven 2013福建 答案 c 解析 考查虚拟语气 根据句意 如果这样的话 乔治已经通过驾照考试 他昨天就驾车来我们大学了 可知是对过去的虚拟 ifso ifhehadpassedthedrivingtest 主句使用情态动词 havedone 故答案选c 3 ishouldnoth