翻译课前练习.doc

2010级本科：嘿嘿，下个学期英汉互译就由我来上了，哈哈，作为英语专业考研的传统的三大方向之一：翻译、文学、语言学，到现在的翻译硕士的研究生考试，我感到非常的“得瑟”，哈哈，只怕你们是“哆嗦”，你又是学英语专业的，难道能不会翻译，所以翻译课的重要性不言而喻。课前作业就在后面，希望大家还是抓紧时间记点单词，以迎接翻译课的学习，以及迎接全国口译大赛（湖南赛区）的比赛。提前预祝大家新春快乐！ 知名不具翻译课前练习英译汉We embarked by ship on our journey in the halcyon days of the winter solstice. “It is the most auspicious time for new beginnings,” I told Ed. I had bought some beautiful earrings made of blue-green kingfisher feathers, and I told Ed about the charming superstition taught me by an Old China Hand sea captain: The halcyon days were the fourteen days at the time of the winter solstice when the sea was unnaturally calm, so that the halcyon, or kingfisher, could brood on its nest floating in the ocean. All nature, sun and sea, obeyed the halcyon bird in its breeding season.The world stood still on halcyon days. It was a time for the birth of Christ and for Joshua to pretend to command the sun and for King Canute to command the waves. It was time for the Word to go forth upon the living waters, a time to create new worlds. It was a time for sailors to forswear their profane oaths. It was a time for an odyssey under the Southern Cross following in the wake of Magellan. It would always be the time for the big events in my life, though I never planned it that way. I did not like living death or darkness. I struggled towards the light at the winter solstice.On that halcyon journey, those two young people were unafraid. They were claiming kinship with all of nature in all hemispheres, with all people in all countries, with all minds in all kinds of books.For reading on the ship we took G. B. ShawsThe Intelligent Womens Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, and H. G. WellsOutline of Historyas well as his 1932 book,The Work, Wealth, and Happiness of Mankind. Americans had not as yet started to think, but we carried along George DorseysWhy We Behave Like Human Beings, which I showed to the Britishpukka sahibResident inBorneowith one word inserted: WhyDontWeWe had both read SpenglersThe Decline of the West- I had read it in the States. In a cursory way we had studied the Age of Empire- that of Japan in Taiwan, of the British in Borneo, Hong Kong, and the China treaty ports, of the Dutch in the Celebes, Java, and Bali, of the Portuguese in Macao.汉译英一个人的语言与其在社会中的身份其实密不可分。记得我在澳大利亚生活时，一位邻居要竞选议员，他便每天早上起来练习发音，以令自己的讲话让人听起来悦耳、有身份。的确，语言是一个人社会身份的标志，特别是在多民族、多元文化的社会里。所谓“身份”，也是一种知识结构，表明你来自那个社会群体的文化背景、知识程度甚至地理位置等。语言会影响对于相应文化的认知。例如，有人调查发现，对于讲双语的中国人，在用中文问到其关于文化观念等问题时，他们的回答显然比用英文问他们此类问题时显示出更多的中国人的做派。有意思的是，当讲广东话的港澳人被用普通话问到关于中国的文化、信仰等问题时，他们的回答往往比听到用广东话问到此类问题时的回答更接近西方人的表达方式。其实，对于学习外语的华人来讲，大部分的还不是真正意义上的所谓“双语人”，而是“双语使用者”；后者是在语言与表达层次，而前者则是思维与生活习性。但是，这个过程并不是静止的，而是可以转换的。所以，语言学习者所学习的实际上是一种社会关系，一种他所理解的跨越时空所形成的关系。因而，他所面对的不仅仅是语言学的，而更是多重、变换着的社会身份问题。文言文译成英文话说东胜神州傲来国花果山天产石猴孙悟空，自保唐僧西天取经成佛之后，已高登极乐世界，无影无形的去逍遥自在，将这花果山生身之地，遂弃为敝屣而不居矣。不知人心虽有弃取，而天地阴阳却无兴废。这座山又阅历过许多岁月，依旧清峰挺黛、绿岳参天，原是个仙寰福地；水帘洞里那些遗下的猿猴，生子生孙，成群逐队，何止万万千千，整日在山前寻花觅果的玩耍。一日忽见正当中山顶上，霞光万道，瑞霭千条，结成奇彩。众猴见了，俱惊惊喜喜，以为怪异，你来我去的争看，如此者七七四十九日。这日，正是冬至子之半，一阳初复之时，忽然闻得空中一声响亮，就象雷鸣一般。吓得众猴子东躲西藏，躲了一会不见动静，又渐渐伸头缩脑出来张望。只见山顶上的霞光瑞霭，被两道金光尽皆冲散。内中有几个胆大的猴子，忍不住，竟爬到山顶上去观看，看见正当中那块大仙石中间，裂了一缝，缝中迸出一个石卵来。那石卵随风向日转个不休。转够多时，忽又一声响，迸作两半，内中迸出一个石猴来，五官俱备，四肢皆全，不知不觉早已会行会走，那两道金光却是他目中闪出来的。众猴看了，又惊又喜道：“怎么？一块死石头，又无气无血，却会长出一个活猴子来！大奇大奇！”遂将那小石猴牵牵引引领下山来，在乱草坡前将松花细果与他饮食，早有几个好事的猴子跳入洞中，将此奇事报之通臂仙。你道这通臂仙却是何人？原来当初只是一个通臂猿。因他灵性乖觉，时常在孙大圣面前献些计策，效些殷勤，故孙大圣宠用他。大闹天宫时，偷来的御酒仙桃尽他受用，故得长生不死。自孙大圣成佛去后，洞中惟他独尊，又知些古往今来的世事，故众猴以仙称之。这通臂仙自得了道，便不好动，只好静，每日但坐在洞中调养。这日闻知其事，因大惊喜道：“这果奇了！当时成佛的老大圣，原是天生地育，借石成胎，但此事渊源已远，如何又流出嫡派？待我去看来。”遂走出洞到山前，只见一群猿猕围着一个小石猴，在那里嬉笑。你看那小石猴怎生模样？但见：形分火嘴之灵，体夺水参之秀。金其睛而火其眼，原为有种之胚胎，尖其嘴而缩其腮，不是无