英语中常见介词用法总结.doc

英语中常见介词用法总结一、About 1.动词+about+sth.。about在此表示“论及，谈起，涉及，着手”等意思： She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。 I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。 What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢？ 2. be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是“为，对”，接表原因的词： What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么？ You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。 Im strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。 二、After1.动词+ after。介词after有“追赶，问候，效仿”之意： Every afternoon he called to ask after his friend.他每天下午都打电话问候他的朋友。 The boy takes after his mother. 这男孩长得像他母亲。 The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。 2.after构成的其它短语。after在不同的短语中意思各异： after all毕竟, after school放学后， day after day日复一日，one after another一个接一个，year after year年复一年。例如： Dont be too strict with him. After all he is still a child. 不要太苛刻了，毕竟他还是个孩子。 He can speak and write English after a fashion. 他多少会说和写一点英语，但不太好。 三、At 1.动词+ at。at表示“指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at抵达, laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, work at工作。例如： Dont let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。 We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中at表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情”：be angry at恼怒于, be bad at不擅长, be good at擅长They were angry at his rude behavior. 他们对他粗鲁的行为感到不快。 They are good at maths他们擅长数学。 3.at+名词构成的词组：at a time一次，at all一点也不 at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上 4.其它含有at的短语：work hard at勤奋工作四、For 1.动词+for a)动词+for。for表原因、目的：answer for对负责look for寻找, prepare for为作准备 例如： He is prepare for the coming English test. 他为即将到来的英语考试做准备。 He who would look for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海底。 b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到, pay for花钱买thank for对表示谢意。例如： thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 2. be +形容词+for。for表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be bad for有害于be good for利于, be famous for以出名be late for迟到, be sorry for为而后悔be useful for对有作用。例如： He is famous for his great talent. 因伟大的天赋而出名。 3.for+名词构成的词组：for ever永远，for example例如， for free免费，for fun为了好玩， for oneself替自己， 4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语：have a gift for有某方面的天赋。五、From1. 动词+from a)动词+ from。from表示“来源、原因、起始”等：come from来自,date from追溯, die from死于, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习 例如： she comes from China.b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from表示“来源、免于”等：keep from阻止做 stop from阻止。例如： Stop the child from crying. 2. be +形容词+ from。此时from含义众多：be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be made from用制成 例如： The boy cant walk and is far from running.那男孩不会走路，更不用说跑了。 3.fromto。本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从到：from bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终， from day to day一天一天地， from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。六、In 1.动词+in a)动词+ in。in在短语中的含义异常丰富：believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, 例如： Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失败的原因在于懒惰。 b)动词+sb./time/money+ in。介词in后接（doing）sth.：help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。例如： She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家时她可以帮助他料理家务。 2. be +形容词+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿着”：be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于, be disappointed in对失望 be interested in对有兴趣, be successful in在某方面成功, be strict in严于。例如： She was born in 1980s. More than one person is interested in this. 3. in +名词。 in表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思：in all总共，in bed卧床， in danger有危险, in flower开花 ,in itself本身, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in trouble有麻烦, in time及时, 注意下列几个词组中的in为副词：check in到达登记，cut in插嘴，count in包括,draw in时间接近, drop in顺路拜访, give in屈服, pour in源源而来。七、Of1.动词+of a)动词+of。of意为“有关，由于”： die of死于, dream of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解,speak of谈及, tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如： he was died of a desease.b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意：rob of抢走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如： He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。 They are robbed of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权都被剥夺了。 c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语 sb.：request of请求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如： All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。 2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多： be aware of觉察, be afraid of担心, be careful of小心, be free of免于；摆脱, be full of充满, be hopeful of抱有希望, be made of用制成, 3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年, of choice精选的，of course当然,of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自动地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有价值的。 八、On 1.动词+on a)动词+ on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：act on对有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。例如： This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。 The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。 We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。 b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以，对，在某方面”：base on以为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如： Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。 Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。 2.be+形容词+on的词组：be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对严格。例如： We cant just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。 He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。 3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on ones knees跪下,on ones way在的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场,on the tip of ones tongue快要说出口, on top of在的顶部，on watch值班。 九、To 1.动词+to a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达，belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责,stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。例如： She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。 Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。 An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。 b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如： She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。 c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。例如：Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。 Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to的意思是“对”：be alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive to注意；留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反；反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to对公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对有好处, be harmful to对有危害,be important to对重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于,be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近,be necessary to对有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与有关, be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实,be thankful to感激, be useful to对有用, be used to习惯。例如： Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗？ The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。 His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。 3.to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to ones feet跳起来，to ones mind照看来, to ones surprise使吃惊,to ones taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。介 词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.（二）主要介词区别1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。高中英语语法复习专题讲解-介词连词一、考点聚焦1、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weatherforecast.He quarrelled with her yesterday.He succeeded in passing the final exam.Im still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.s + 部位，可换用）strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）注意：可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。look for（寻找）agree to sth. hear of(听说) call on(拜访)look to (眺望) agree with sb. call for(需要)look at（看） agree on sth. hear from(收到信) call in(请)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有，devote to把贡献给，drink to为干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜，ask for 寻找，use for用作，leave for前往，take for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare to把比作，send for派人去请（拿），sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好。（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。afraid of担心 angry about / at sth.afraidafraid for 替而担心 angry with sb.anxious for sth.渴望 different from与不同anxious about sth. / sb担心 different to 不关心tired of讨厌 strict with sb.tired from/ with因疲倦 strict in sth.要求严格good at擅长 popular with sb.受欢迎good for对有益 popular in some place流行在good of sb. to do so友好 popular for 因而流行pleased with + 名词或what从句pleased at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到而高兴）helpful to对有帮助known to sb.为人所知known for因而出名 be familiar with熟悉known as作为出名 be familiar to为熟知（悉）sorry for 替后悔 disappointed at sth.失望rich in富有absent from缺席absent in离开此地去了worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有（免除），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。the absence of water缺水the hope of success成功的希望have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会take pride in them为他们感到骄傲the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票his abesence in Beijing去了北京his abesence from Beijing不在北京the way to study学习方法the way of studying maths学习教学的方法3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在以后”。in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion in discussing the problemduring her stay in Hubei in playing basketballduring the course of in digging the tunnel（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morningon Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, onChildrens Dayon March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)on a rainy night, on warm winter days(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。at breakfast(supper, lunch),at sixat noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：next day、last Sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some dayone day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before（4）till、until、to的用法。till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：He waited for me till twelve oclock.He didnt get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从到为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the