情态动词专讲.doc

情态动词和虚拟语气讲练u 情态动词在高考中的考查重点：1.考查情态动词的基本用法shall/must/would2.表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to,而不能用could；could还可以表示过去的某种能力3.考查情态动词用作答语的情况4.考查情态动词表推测的用法5.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法 情态动词的基本用法1. can(could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。Thetemperaturecanfallto60,thatis60belowfreezing.气温可降至60，也就是零下60。Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3）表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereadingroom.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Hecant(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Imafraidwecouldntgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。注意：can和beableto 1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而beableto有多种时态形式。Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而waswereableto则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。HecouldswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Buthedidntfeellikeitthatday.他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。can not/nevertoo无论怎样都不过分We can not thank you too much for what youve done for us.2.may(might)1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedont./Youdbetternot./No,youmustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。 Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。Theymightbehavingameeting,butImnotsure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3）may/might as well与may/might well的区分3.must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustnttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样对她说话。-Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt） 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。It must have rained last night.3）must（表示固执、不满等）意思为“偏偏，偏要, 硬要” If you must know, Im going to help him look for an apartment. 如果你偏要知道，那我告诉你，我要去帮助他找一套公寓。 注意：must和haveto的区别must表示主观意志，而haveto表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式。Itoldherthatshemustgiveupsmoking.我叫她必须戒烟。 Wehadtogeteverythingreadythatnight.我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。4.shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetyousometea?我给你点茶好吗？ Shalltheboywaitoutside?让那男孩在外面等吗？ Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。（命令） Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）3) (用于法律、规则等条文中)应.，须.，得. The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳。 5.should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。Youshouldntwasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirstclassactors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。Theyshouldbehomebynow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。3)should have done sth./shouldnt have done sth.的用法6.oughtto1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他父亲，应当管他。Yououghtnttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theresafinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。3）ought to have done sth./oughtnt have done sth.7.will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Willyouclosethewindow?Itsabitcold.请你把窗户关3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fishwilldieoutofwater.鱼离开水就不能活。 Thedoorwontopen.这门打不开。Theboywillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。8.would1）表意愿。Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?请把窗户擦一下好吗？Theywouldnthaveanythingagainstit.他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。“（从前）常常；经常”Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。区分: would和usedto 1）usedto表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。） Shewouldgooutforawalkinthemorningwhenshewasinthecountry.在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。） 2）usedto可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 Heusedtowouldsmokewhilewriting.过去他写东西时常抽烟。 Sheusedtobefat.她过去很胖 9.need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1).用作情态动词-NeedIcome? -Yes,youmust.-我需要来吗？ -需要。 Youneednttelephonehimnow.你现在不必打电话给他。Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晚上不敢一个人出去。HowdareyousayImunfair?你竟敢说我不公平？2).用作实义动词Youdontneedtodoityourself.你不必亲自做这件事。 Weneedtotellthemthenews.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。Thetableneedspainting(tobepainted.).桌子需要油漆一下。 Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 Hedidnotdare(to)lookup.他不敢抬头看。 情态动词表推测的用法小结（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式 1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 （2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (1）It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。 (2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？ 注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。 （二）情态动词表推测的三种时态 1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 （2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 （2）He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 （1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。 （3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ 难道他找到书了吗？ 注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应”（4）Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测） （5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 情态动词表责备的用法1.should/ought to have done should not/ought not to have doneeg. I told Salley how to get there, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.2. could/might have done eg. I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down. -You could have borrowed mine. I wasnt using it.3. neednt have doneeg. There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried.虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气 具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如： Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 实战演练. 单句改错：1.When can I come for my clothes? I need them Friday evening.-They might be ready by 6 p. m. Friday afternoon.2. Could you help me clean the classroom?-Yes, I could.3. Animals are part of nature. They neednt be separated from the humans.4. Look at the man over there. It must be our monitor.-It mustnt be him, for he has gone abroad.5. You can be tiredyouve been working for four hours.6. I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. Should I have a look?7. We may not thank you too much for what youve done for us.8. You can t return the dictionary now. You can keep it till next week if you like.9. I felt very lonely when I traveled in Chengdu alone. I must have taken my family.10. The poor little boy could never able to see and hear again.高考题：1.【11四川】The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should2.10四川 I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need3.09四川I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might4.（08四川）Although thissound like a simple task, great care is needed.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should5.（07四川）What does the sign over there read? “No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”A.will B.may C.shallD.must6.（06四川）Is Jack on duty today?Itbe him.Its his turn tomorrow.A.mustntB.wont C.cantD.neednt7. (11全国)They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should8.（11全国） If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may9（11北京）I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not10.（11北京）Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been11（11天津）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come12.（11江苏）I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen13.（11福建）Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can14.(11 福建)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended15.（11浙江）Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt16.（11重庆）Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should17.（11陕西）I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone18.（11陕西）Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall19.（11湖南）No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might 20.（11辽宁） If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will21.（11江西）It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt22.（10安徽）Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 23.（10湖南） You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to24.（10江西）I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will25.（10山东）_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt26.（10山东）Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 27.（10江西） .Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether 28.（10江苏）I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_29.（10陕西）-May I take this book out of the reading room? - No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt30.（10全国） Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt31.（10辽宁） .Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay32.（10北京）-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 33.（10上海）-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt34.（10安徽）.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 35.（10浙江）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved36.（09安徽）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would37.（09福建） But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won38.（09湖南） Its the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. need39.（09海南） What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall40.（08全国）Liza_well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A.willB.canC.must D.may41.(08天津) She_have left school， for her bike is still here.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt42.（08江西）What a pity!Considering his ability and experience，hebetter. A.need have doneB.must have doneC.can have doneD.might have done43.（08陕西）What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well， itbe bigthats not important.A.mustntB.needntC.cant D.wont44.（08浙江）Yoube hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldntB.cant C.mustnt D.neednt45.（08福建）It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but itbe rather cold sometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would46.（08辽宁）Peterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must47.（08江苏）Im sorry.Iat you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldnt shoutB.shouldnt have shoutedC.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shouted48.（08山东）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _it without you.A.can manageB.could have managedC.could manageD.can have managed49.（07上海）Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper.Great