M3-Unit-3-Grammar-主谓一致-2013.doc

班级：_ 姓名：_M3 Unit 3 Grammar(2) Subject-verb agreement (主谓一致)一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。如：Tom _ a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often _ football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。My family _ having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars _ too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。如：Not only the teacher but also his students _ playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There_ a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 如： The desk _ Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water _ in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students _ playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。如：Many a student _ (have) been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：More than one student _ (have) ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。如： Two months _ a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds _ not so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Five minus four _ (be) one. 5减4等于1。5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and (each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。如： Each boy and each girl _ (have) got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman _ (be) at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half hours _ (be) enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 动词不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： To see _ to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises _ good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。如:A student or two _ (have) failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。9. 当主语中含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等连接时，谓语动词就远。如： Mike with his father _ (have) been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, _ playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+ a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。如： The writer and teacher _ (be) coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher _ (be) coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)11. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。如： People here _ (be) very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family _ (be) not large. 他家的人不多。 My family all _ watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： _ (be) everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something _ (be) wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody _ (be) in. 没有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 如： Each of them _ (have) an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer _ (be) correct. 两个答案都不正确。14. 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 如： No news _ (be) good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths _ (be) very popular in our class . 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。 如： Both his father and his mother _ (be) both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 Tom or Jack _ (be) wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 Either this one or that one _ (be) ok. 这一个或那一个都行。16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： A number of famous people _ (be) invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students _ (be) over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致。如： This pair of shoes _ (be) Toms. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 There _ (be) two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 如： The poor _ (be) very happy, but the rich _ (be) sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 The beautiful _ (live) forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词就近。 如： There _ (be) a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。 Here _ (be) some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。三、巩固练习Fill in the blanks:1. Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say _ this.3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the students _ increasing year after year.4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour.5. Each student_ got an English-Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary.6. There _ a pen, an ink-bottle, and some books on it.7. Either the judge or the lawyers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.8. His family _ all very well. His family _ a five-good” one.9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.10. Our League secretary and monitor _(take) the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends.11. The girl as well as his parents _ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _ surprised at Marys answer.12. Who _ the girl singing in the next room? Who _ these people over there?13. Most of the students _ boys. Most of his money _ spent on books.14. The policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him.15. The glasses _ mine. That pair of classes _ my brothers.16. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ to be broadcast.17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now.18. No one but Jane _ (know) the secret. Nobody but Mary and I _ in the classroom at that time.19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _ something wrong with the machine.20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _ never late for school.Multiple Choices：1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.A. is B. are C. were D. has been3. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were4. His Selected Poems _ first published in 1965.A. were B. was C. has been D. is5. When and where to build the factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided6. A fork and knife _ on the table.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been7. Where _ dirt, there are flies.A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are8. Each soldier and sailor _ a rifle.A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given9. My clothes _ made to order.A. is B. are C. has D. have10. The old _ taken good care of in our country.A. is B. has C. are D. have11. More than one person _ made the suggestion.A. was B. has C. where D. have12. Half of the students _ made the same mistake.A. has B. have C. is D. are13. This is one of the best films that _ this year.A. is appearing B. appear C. has appeared D. have appeared14. Something _ gone wrong with my TV set.A. has B. have C. is D. are15. _ good exercise.A. Climbing hills is B. Climbing the hill is C. The climbing hills are D. The climbing of hills are16. Either T