如何找到托福听力考试的信号词.docx

杜兰国际英语培训学校 如何找到托福听力考试的信号词通常来说，对于一个着手准备托福考生的学生要想把文章听得滴水不漏、字字俱清，通常需要1000个小时的精听练习量，如果我们按照学生可以每天听3小时计算，需要听多久呢?答案是1年。即便是每天听5小时，那也要200天，何况真要是每天听个5小时，别的事情基本都不用做了，估计最后用不了几天广大考生就口吐白沫、含笑九泉了。那么广大考生看到这里不禁会问：啊?!那听不够1000小时岂不是还没去考试就意味着我们注定没戏了?其实不然!大家应当知道，托福考试是个标准化考试，文章的编纂者绝对不能由着自己的性子、随着自己的心情来编写或者换一班人马就换一种行文套路，上述情况不能出现。考试所听到的文章往往都是按照一定标准或者规律来研发编写。一、开头处的常见信号词考点Conversation：Iwaswondering/Iwasthinking/Iwashoping/Iwantedto/the reasonImhere等需要大家注意的是，上述的几个信号词中，考生若听到前面的四个请不要进行时态对译，此处实际上表示的是一种委婉语气，近似于“寡人以为”或“小女子窃以为”，听到后请直接理解为我现在想要如何即可。请看实例(TPO 19C1)：听力原文Student：Yeah,Icanseehowthatmightdothetrick.But,anyway,whatI wantedtoaskwas,whenyoustartedtalkingaboutgametheory.Well,Iknowa littlebitaboutit,butIamnotclearaboutitsuseinbiology.考题再现1.Whydoesthemangotoseetheprofessor?A.ToaskforhelpinchoosingatopicforhistermpaperB.ToasktheprofessortoexplainhowtocompleteanassignmentC.ToaskaboutapointraisedinarecentlectureD.Tooffertohelptheprofessorwithherresearchproject原文中出现了whatIwantedtoaskwas,考生应当知晓主旨即将给出，认真听后面的内容就可以拿分，重点内容是butIamnot clearaboutitsusein biology.我们可以看到，抓住了信号词和后面的重点内容，即便之前的部分内容听得不好，也不会影响将此题做对。此题答案为C。lecture请注意下面的三种情况：文章中教授的设问句;标准的lecture主旨句型：todayIamgoingtotalk about或者todayIamgoingtodiscuss;开头处的第一个but.请看实例(TPO2L2)：听力原文Todaywellcontinuetalkingabout usefulfibers,andwellbeginwitha fiberthatscommonlyknownasManilahemp.考题再现1.WhataspectofManilahempfibersdoestheprofessormainlydiscussin thelecture?A.SimilaritiesbetweencottonfibersandManilahempfibersB.VarioustypesofManilahempfibersC.TheeconomicimportanceofManilahempfibersD.AuseofManilahempfibers考生听到Todaywellcontinuetalkingabout就应该意识到出题点到来，需要用笔或者大脑记住其后重要的信息useful fibers,与选项进行核心词比对即可确认D为正确选项。二、人名等专有名词 提醒考生两点需要注意：其一，并非每次听力考试中听到重要人名或者地名后，屏幕上都会出现相应的“黑板提示词”，所以平时备考的准备过程中，各位考生必须注意重要人名的读音积累，尤其是那些影响巨大、故去已远的知名人物，比如苹果神话的缔造者乔布斯，他名气够大，影响深远，可惜离我们还不够久远，所以托福是不可能将其列入备考对象的。其二，考生仅仅听出了人名或者记下了人名，是不够应对托福听力考题的，因为托福听力考题从来不会在题干描述一个事实，然后列出四个选项问你是谁做的。这种弱智的题目问法，只有在弱智的托福模考试题里才能找得到!请看实例(TPO19L4)：听力原文Agreatexampleofthat,thatvisioninportraiture,isCeciliaBeaux. CeciliaBeauxwasbornin1854,andafterlearningtopaintandstudyingwith severalimportantartistsofthetime,Beauxbecameknownasoneofthebest portraitpaintersintheUnitedStates.Shewasverysuccessful.Sheevenhad portraitsofthewifeandchildrenofTheodoreRoosevelt,whilehewas president.Sohedidnotgetmuchmoreprestigiousthanthat.Yeah,shereally stoodoutbackinthe1800s.Andtoday,sheisstillconsideredoneofthe greatestportraitpaintersofhertime,maleorfemale.Infact,shewasthe firstfull-timefemaleinstructoratthePennsylvaniaAcademyoftheFineArts, andshewasafullmemberoftheNationalAcademyofDesign.Thesearepretty importantinstitutions,so,yeah,shedefinitelymadeheadwayforwomen artists.考题再现2.WhatevidencedoestheprofessorcitetoillustrateCeciliaBeauxs reputationasanartist?Clickon2answers.A.TheinstructorsthatshestudiedartwithB.HerroleinprofessionalartorganizationsC.HerconnectionwithanimportantpoliticiansfamilyD.ThefeaturesofherworkthattheImpressionistsimitated相信各位考生在反思上述文段时可以看到，除了划横线部分的句子外，其余的句子都是在介绍人物的生平背景，告诉你她是牛人，但是只有横线部分的句子告诉了你，她是如何达到大牛的地步的。所以，此题答案为BC。三、表示转折关系的词考生在听力、口语、阅读和写作的课上肯定学到过无数表示转折的词，多到无以计数，多到让大家高瞻仰望，不过在这里只给大家提炼四个重要的转折词，它们是ETS出题所钟爱的，它们分别是：but, however,actually,infact.请看实例(TPO16L3)：听力原文NowIwouldhavethoughtthebiggerthetree,thefartherthebeaverwould bewillingtotravelforit.Thatwouldmakesense,right?Ifyouregoingto travelfar,makethetripworthitbuybringingbackmostwoodpossible.But actually,theoppositeistrue.Beaverswillcutdownonlylargetreesthatare closetothewater.Theywilltravelfaronlytocutdowncertainsmalltrees thattheycancutdownquicklyanddragbackhomequickly.考题再现4.Whatdoestheprofessorsayaboutthecuttingdownoflargetrees?A.Beaversgenerallyprefercuttingdownlargetreestosmalltrees.B.Beaversgenerallydonottravellongdistancestocutdownlarge trees.C.Beaverswillnotcutlargetreesofcertainspecies.D.Beaversuselargetreesmainlyforthepurposeofbuildingshelters.横线前面的句子是教授的一种虚拟假设，然后利用横线部分的句子来自我推翻，文章明确告诉了我们这种动物只喜欢在离水近的地方啃大树，去远处只喜欢啃小树。所以此题答案为B。四、表示因果关系的词同样地，各位在各种书上和培训课程中见到过浩如烟海的表示因果关系的词或者词组，这里依然为大家提炼这么几个ETS钟爱有加的考点词，它们是：because/because of/thereasonis/thatswhy/accountfor/so.请看实例(TPO2L2)：听力原文Now,whywasthat?Well,themainreasonwasthatsteelcablesdegrade very,veryquicklyincontactwithsaltwater.IfyouveeverbeentoSan Francisco,youknowthattheGoldenGateBridgeisred.Anditsredbecauseof thezincpaintthatgoesonthosestainlesssteelcables.考题再现4.WhydoestheprofessormentiontheGoldenGateBridge?A.TodemonstrateadisadvantageofsteelcablesB.TogiveanexampleofthecreativeuseofcolorC.ToshowthatsteelcablesareabletoresistsaltwaterD.TogiveanexampleofauseofManilahemp文段中划线的句子是自问自答表因果，句意大体意为：steel cables一和盐水接触便迅速腐蚀。题目问的是因果后面的内容，此部分内容是验证划线部分内容的。据此，我们可以选出A为正确答案。五、表示举例的词在考试中遇到最多的就是forexample,forinstance,take,like, say这几个了。考生要讲例子的核心词记下来，并且要努力听出这个例子是为谁服务的，为什么要举这个例子，那么题目无论怎么考我们都不用害怕。请看实例(TPO2 C1)：听力原文Student：Hmm.somethingjustcameintomymindandwentouttheother side.Professor：Thathappenstomealot,soIvecomeupwithaprettygood memorymanagementtool.Icarryalittlepadwithmeallthetimeandjotdown questionsorideasthatIdontwanttoforget.Forexample,Iwenttothe doctorwithmydaughterandherbabysonlastweekandweknewwewouldnt remembereverythingwewantedtoaskthedoctor,soweactuallymadealistof fivethingswewantedanswersto.考题再现3.Whydoestheprofessortellthemanabouttheappointmentatthedoctors office?A.TodemonstrateawayofrememberingthingsB.ToexplainwhysheneedstoleavesoonC.ToillustrateapointthatappearsinhisreportD.Toemphasizetheimportanceofgoodhealth学生说：“我刚想说什么来着，我给忘了。”老师安慰学生说这个情况她也常有并且有个绝招可以克服遗忘，然后就举了文中划横线处的那个例子，其目的必然是A选项。六、表示含义强调的词表示含义强调的词，这里给出以下几个：especially,again,really,only, distinctive.如前所述，各位考生在听到这些提示词时，请集中精力听好其后所强调的具体内容。请看实例(TPO2L3)：听力原文Sohowdoesallthisrelatetohumanhappiness?Well,Aristotleasks:is theresomethingthatallhumanbeingsvalue.andvalueonlyintrinsically, foritsownsakeandonlyforitsownsake?Ifyoucouldfindsuchathing,that wouldbetheuniversalfinalgood,ortrulytheultimatepurposeorgoalforall humanbeings.Aristotlethoughttheanswerwasyes.Whatisit?Happiness. Everyonewillagree,heargues,thathappinessistheultimateendtobevalued foritselfandreallyonlyforitself.考题再现3.WhyishappinesscentraltoAristotlestheory?A.BecauseitissodifficultforpeopletoattainB.BecauseitisvaluedforitsownsakebyallpeopleC.BecauseitisameanstoaproductivelifeD.Becausemostpeopleagreeaboutwhathappinessis教授的自问自答往往都是出题的要点，该文段内，教授多次使用了含义强调词来修饰一个核心概念：foritsownsake/for itself,利用此核心词来比对选项，可以轻松得到B为正确选项。七、表示名词解释的词托福听力模仿的是北美大学课堂教授讲课的情景，作为老师，讲课的成就感或快感来自于何处呢?必定是把一个复杂的东西或者奇葩的事情给学生深入浅出地讲明白啦。托福听力考试中，经常有一些拗口的词汇出现在电脑屏幕上。据小强老师观察，许多考生往往是忙着抄屏幕上的词写在笔记上，却忽略了最重要的一点对名词的解释。托福听力中解释名词的常见信号词有：that is/whichis/youknow/inotherwords/bythisdefinition等等。请看实例(TPO2L1)：听力原文Watsonthoughtlaryngealhabits.youknow,fromlarynx,inother words,relatedtothevoicebox.hethoughtthosehabitswereanexpression ofthinking.考题再现2.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis()A.TogiveanexampleofalaryngealhabitB.ToexplainthemeaningofatermC.ToexplainwhyheisdiscussinglaryngealhabitsD.Toremindstudentsofapointhehaddiscussedpreviously这是一道重听题。文段中的laryngeal habits就是出现在屏幕上的奇葩生词，考生需留意后面是否有针对该名词的解释。我们可以听到，教授接连使用了youknow,inother words等词，由此我们可以确定，教授的确是对该术语进行了替换性解释的。由此，我们可以得出B为正确答案。八、表示比较关系的词托福听力考试很强调对不同事物或者一个事物不同时期的新旧比较，所以比较级、最高级、同向比较(如similar to/resemble)、反向比较等(unlike/insteadof)等信号词考生要在考试中格外注意。请看实例(TPO6L2)：听力原文NowanotherinterestingthingabouttheNightcapOakisthatit isitrepresentseraveryoldtypeerkindoftreethatgrewahundredmillion yearsago.Um,wefoundfossilsthatoldthatbearremarkableresemblancetothe tree.So,itsaprimitivetree.Aalivingfossilyoumightsay.考题再现2.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatledscientiststocharacterizethe NightcapOakasprimitiveA.IthasnoevolutionaryconnectiontoothertreesgrowinginAustralia todayB.IthasaninefficientreproductivesystemC.ItsflowerislocatedatthebasesoftheleavesD.Itissimilartosomeancientfossils该文段将古树和已经发现的化石进行了类比，不过采用类比的时候用了resemblance这个词汇，需要考生具备一定的词汇水平。根据文章与选项的名词比对，我们可以确定D为正确选项。此外，考生仔细观察可以发现，正确选项把resemblance替换为了similar to。九、表示特殊语气的词如前所述，托福听力是模仿北美大学课堂或者校园真实情景的考试，录音员不可能不动声色地读完全部录音稿，所以人类普遍的情感，喜怒哀乐或者吃惊、怀疑等都一应俱全。听力原文Librarian：Butyoucan.Allofthelibrarysdatabasesandelectronic sourcescanbeaccessedthroughanycomputerconnectedtotheuniversity network.Student：Really?!IcantbelieveIdidntknowthat.考题再现5.Whydoesthewomansaythis()A.ShehadforgottenabouttheinformationB.SheissurprisedshewasnotawareoftheinformationC.SheisannoyedthattheinformationwaspublishedonlyrecentlyD.Sheisconcernedthatthelibrariang