初中新目标英语八年级下册英语期末复习试卷(2).doc

清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供初中英语时态总结动词的时态 英语共有16种时态，根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析，时态测试重点主要有：完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如： 1)The moon moves round the earth. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)Youll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如： Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如： 1)Tom looks pale. Whats wrong with him? (look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”) 2.过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3.将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1.现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1)I havent been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2.过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 3.将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供四：时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是： 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I dont know who bought it.” “Theres a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如： We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2.被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时?SPAN lang=EN-US 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked 3.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如： get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 (1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如： 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) 3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) (2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如： 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 (1)The novel was well written.(系表结构) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1：The book is selling remarkably well. 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例5：The book written by the professor is printing.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供初中新目标英语八年级下册英语期末复习试卷(2)清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供初中新目标英语八年级下册英语期末复习试卷(三)-句型句子翻译1. 将来人们会有机器人吗?_ people have _?2. 我应该做什么?_ _ I do?3. 当飞碟到达时你正在干什么?_ _ you _ when the UFO _?4. 他说我学习努力.He said I _ _.5. 如果你去参加聚会,你会过得很开心.If you go to the party, youll _ _ _ _.6. 你收集贝壳有多久了?_ _ have you _ _ shells?7. 你介意把音乐声关小一点吗?Would you mind _ _ the music?8. 你为什么不给她买条围巾呢?_ _ you get her a scarf?9. 你曾去过游乐园吗?_ you ever _ _ an amusement park?10. 今天是个好天气,不是吗?Its a nice day, _ _ ?11. 你能给我一些建议吗?Could you _ me _ _?12. 他迷恋上了电脑.He fell _ _ _ the computer.13. 她可以说英语和汉语.She _ _ _ speak English and Chinese.14. 将来会有更多的污染.There will _ _ _.15. 哪一个国家会在下一届世界杯中胜出?_ _ will win the next World cup?16. 他们不想在电话中谈论那件事.They dont want to talk about it _ _ _.17. 罗斯不想和她的表兄吵架,因为他是她最好的朋友.Rose doesnt want to _ _her cousin, because he is her _ _.18. 父母应好好照顾孩子.Parents _ take good _ _ their kids.19. 勿进! 她正在睡觉._ _! She is sleeping.20. 你可以向你的哥哥借些钱.You could _ some money _ your brother.21. 当外星人出来时,女孩正在购物.The girl was shopping when the alien _ _.22. 他站在同学们前面.He is standing _ _ _ his class.23. 当飞机起飞时,你在做什么?When the plane _ _, what were you doing?24. 喝杯咖啡怎么样?_ _ drinking a cup of coffee?25. 首先,你应该说对不起._ _ _, you should say youre sorry.26. 他说他对汤姆很生气.He said he _ _ _ Tom.27. 我告诉她我将在第二天去公园.I told her I _ go to the park _ _ _.28. 他说他擅长口语.He said he _ _ _ speaking.29. 当我长大后,我将环游世界.When I _ _, I will _ _ _ _.30. 高中毕业后,我想上大学.I want to _ _ _ after I leave high school.31. 请拿走袋子, 我不想它在这儿.Please _ _ the bag, I dont want it here.32. 那位老人以卖报纸谋生.That old man went to sell newspaper to _ _ _.33. 你如果迟些起床,你会上学迟到的.If you get up late, you _ _ _ _ school.34. 他在数学方面做得较好.He can _ _ in math.35. 有许多著名的预言从没有实现.There are many famous predictions that never _ _.36. 在我7岁的时候,我得到了这件礼物.I get the present _ _ _ _.37. 顺便问一下,你的爱好是什么?_ _ _, whats your hobby?38. 自我8岁以来我就一直在学习弹吉他.Ive _ _ the guitar _ I _ seven years old.39. 昨天我们闲聊了一会儿.We had a _ _ yesterday.40. 你介意不在这里唱歌吗?Would you mind _ _ here?41. 请你不要插队好吗? 我们都在排队等候.Could you please _ _ _ _? We are all _ _ _.42. 有人在我工作的时候跟我说话,我会很生气.I _ _ when someone talks to me while I am working.43. 不同的人喜欢不同的礼物.Different _ like different _ _ gifts.44. 她花了大量的钱买学习用品.She _ too much money _ school things.45. 我有足够的时间去完成这项任务.I have _ _ _ _ the task.46. 我从没去过上海.I _ _ _ _ Shanghai before.47. 是因为我的英语说得好才使我得到了这份工作._ was because I spoke English very _ _ I could get this job.48. 事实上我想去拜访我的朋友._ _, I want to visit my friend.49. 我曾去过北京,并在那里呆了七天.I have _ _ Beijing and had _ _ for 7 days.50.别忘记带上雨伞.Dont forget to _ an umbrella _ you.51. 你是新生,不是吗?Youre _ here, _ _?52. 比尔和我相处十分融洽.Bill and I _ _ _ well.53. 每天这个时候交通都十分拥挤.The _ is very _ at this time every day.54. 我们一直等了一个小时.Weve been _ _ an hour.55. 不要在教室里踢足球,好吗?Dont play soccer in the classroom,_ _?句型转换A. 先改一般疑问句再改否定句1. There will be a sport meeting tomorrow._ _ _ a sport meeting tomorrow?There _ _ a sport meeting tomorrow.2. He played football last Sunday morning._ he _ football last Sunday morning?He _ _ football last Sunday morning.3. Johns done his homework for 4 hours._ John _ his homework for 4 hours?John _ _ his homework for 4 hours.4. Shewas making dinner when the phone rang._ she _dinner when the phone rang?She _ _ dinner when the phone rang.5. They have been collecting coins since 1998._ _ _ collecting coins since 1998.They _ _ _ coins since 1998.B. 改间接引语6. “Please have a rest.” the teacher said to us.The teacher _ _ _ _ a rest.7. He said , “I can speak Japanese.”He said that _ _ speak Japanese.8. Mary said, “I will come to see my uncle .”Mary said _ _ come to see _ uncle.C. 改同义句9. She is good at speaking English.She _ _ _ speaking English.10. Whats your favorite season?_ _ do you like _ ?11. Please pass him the English book.Please _ the English book _ him.12. My father hasnt been to the Tibet, I havent been to the Tibet, either.My father hasnt been to the Tibet,_ _ _.13. To learn English is useful._ _ _ to learn English.14. Why dont you get a camera?_ _ get a camera?15. We dont know where we should go tomorrow.We dont know where _ _ tomorrow.16. I am 14. My cousin is 14, too.My cousin is _ _ age _ me.17. He is so young that he cant go to school.He is _ young _ go to school.D. 就划线部分提问18. I have been learning Chinese for 10 years._ _ _ you been learning Chinese?19. Hell be back in a week._ _ will he be back?20. He should come to school on time._ _ he _?E.完成反意疑问句21. Its going to rain, _ _?22. You arent a worker,_ _?23. Open the door please, _ _?24. Hes never seen the film before, _ _?25. Have you ever been to an amusement park?_, _ _.(作否定回答)26. Mr. Smith collected stamps 8 years ago.(用现在完成进行时改写)Mr. Smith _ _ _ stamps since 8 years ago.哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练说,吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，