英语音标学习资料整理.doc

英语音标表（48个）元音（20个）蓝色（Original Version Of IPA）长元音/:/:/:/ :/i:/U:/短元音/ / u/e/ /eI/ e/aI/ a/I/ 双元音/e/ u/ u/a/ au辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/f/ /s/ /h/ /ts/t/ /tr/浊辅音/b/d/ /g/v/ /z/ /r/ /dz/d/ /dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音/j/w/边音/英语音标及字母组合对照元音:1) / 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup busmother does love trouble rough blood flood2) /:/ 发音字母ar a alcar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant calm half aunt heart3) / 发音字母o a ouhot lost lot fox box hop loss collar notwant wash watch4) /:/ 发音字母al or ore oo au our ou ar awSmall wall talk tall ball walk short more lord horse for forty sport store door floor author caught autumnfour court bought broughtwarm warn quarterlaw saw5) /发音字母er or ou ar o a e u urteacher leader remember player speaker farmer doctor actor authordelicious familiar dollartomorrow today lesson polite controlaround ago elephant banana Canada Japanmen listenfamulusSaturday6) /:/ : 发音字母ir ur ear er or bird girl skirt third turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her servework world7) / 发音字母 i y e ui u ay asit picture it is list six mix fix fit many happy twenty dictionarydecide buildyesterday 8) /i:/ 发音字母:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat teacher mean speakhe she me piece believereceive ceiling9) / u发音字母oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full pushwoman wolf10) /U:/ 发音字母oo o u oufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothdo whom prove move tworude true blueyou group11) /e/发音字母ea e a （ue, u, ie, ai, ei, ay）head bread pleasure featherelephant remember sell shell lesson better bed desk yesmany any12) / 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black glad flag man 13) /e/ eI 发音字母 ei a ay ea ai ey eightname cake late gate plane April play say waygreat breakrain plain paint paidthey hey grey14) /a/ aI 发音字母 i y uybike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eyebuy guy15) / I发音字母oy oiboy toy joy enjoyoil soil voice choice16) /发音字母eer ear erebeer deer ear near here idea17) /e/发音字母ear air ere arepear bear chair air fair there where care dare18) / u发音字母 our oor ure tour poor sure19) / u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal20) /a/ au发音字母ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud flower down now cow how town辅音：1.爆破音音标对比：/k/ /g/ /t/ /d/ /p/ /b/发音字母：c/k/ck g t d p b keep get tea deed put book kid gain team deep pen bed cake beg neat need pet bet pick pig bet bed pull ball2.摩擦音音标对比：/f/ /v/ / / 发音字母：f/ph v th th life live thick this five vote theme than physics visit teeth they 音标对比：/s/ /z/ / /发音字母：s/c s/z sh/ch/ci/ti/si si/s sink zip action treasure pass zoo machine measure advice his finish revision Asia、ancient 3.破擦音 音标对比: /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ /t/ /dr/发音字母：tr dr ts ds ch j/ge/ tree dream bets beds chess job try dry seats seeds children energy treat draw nets needs match 4)鼻音音标对比：/m/ /n/ /发音字母：m n ng n Some noon sing Come nose song Map note king Moon nothing thank5)其他音标： /h/ /r/ /j/ /w/ /发音字母：h/wh r/wr y w/wh L Hot race year wait let House red yes wide leap Horse right yard what deal Whole wrong young while sale Who write yet when belt Whse 【注意】wh 在元音字母O前才发/h/语音知识: 1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。 7) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节 banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。 特殊读音 1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year，this year。 重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，prepare，employ，permit，escape，produce，exclaim，translatec)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present present; content，content。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。outside，retell，well-known，unreal，fifteen，Chinese，pre-war，post-war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult，communist，family，economy，opportunity，democracy。 b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully，indefinite，comfortable，conductor，according，disturbance，complicated，establishment。 c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous，calligraphy，editorial，historian，periodic，mathematics，experience，sufficient，identify，translation，religious，curiosity，protective。 d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain，employee，mountaineer，Japanese，cigarette。 一些特殊规则：l S后的清辅音/k/ /p/ /t/ 要浊化为/g/ /b/ /d/音。如：sky skill stop student space sportl 字母组合tion有两种发音/tn /, /n / 如: /tn / question /n / situation nation invitation l 有些单词中某些字母不发音如：hour climb Christmas know listen l 一般情况开音节发本音（如 辅元辅e 的结构） a e cake ,face , table ,grade, have除外 e i: these , he, she, be, we I a mine , ride , time, give ,live 除外 o nose ,those ,hope , (另外，o后是m, n, v, th，发如：love, some ,come，glove，brother，mother ; whose,whomu:除外。) U ju: cute ,use 闭音节一般不发本音（如 辅元辅 的结构） a cat ,black ,glad, e e bed , left , help , I big ,milk ,think , o / hot , stop , clock, u bus , sun ,but , put , pull除外l 仅一种发音的字母组合：ai, ay e rain ，play al : all , walk talk half :除外 oa coat ,boat ch t chair , China school k 除外 ck k duck , clock sh shirt , shoes 还有sure l a前是辅音w 时，a发/ ,如：want ,what, watch ,wallet, washa后是字母ss , s, f , n时，一般发:，如grass，class，ask，after,i后是ld, nd结尾时, i 发a，如：find ,kind , child ,behind ,一些常用字母组合的发音：ar : farm far farther park : quarter warmair e chair hair hairdryer pair airportear dear year ear earphone near hear e bear pear : learn earlyere here e where there : wereea e great e head sweater breakfast ready bread headache heavy i: speak peach beach each please read reading-room teacher teach eat seat tea teapot meat ice- cream Easter mean really idea theatre ee i: see eighteen three green sweet tree Halloween need street sweep weekender : her hers term brother daughter father mother sister teacher number tiger after floweror doctor visitor mirror calculator : work worker word world : for forty morning short sport fork horse New York order more before ir /ur : bird girl birthday shirt skirt third circle thirsty thirty sir firstturn purse nurse hamburger surf Thursday hurtigh a night bright right light fight high height e eight weightoo cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book bookcase storybook u: foo