（浙江专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题五 层级三 题型应对策略 第二讲 读后续写教案.doc

第二讲读后续写一、命题特点读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。读后续写给出前文，写后文。理论上来说，前文用于阅读输入信息，信息经过大脑思维转换后，形成对前文的理解，理解一定是建立在确定主旨大意，明确前文作者态度和关键信息的前提下，在大脑思维中建立一个对前文的理解框架和概括，在此基础上，继续建立顺序思维，确定接下来在理解前文的基础上如何安排下面继续可能或者应该出现的内容，续写部分内容不仅要求词汇和语言框架的准确使用、 语言的润色等，更重要的是，你要明白你应该如何整理续写内容，以使得其和前文形成统一连贯的、能够表述完整信息的表达内容。续写是读和写的统一，之间穿插了对阅读能力、概括能力、思维转化能力、语言领悟能力、语言组织能力、创造性思维能力，以及对上下文逻辑关系的掌握等的考查。续写对于前文文本的选择应该是脉络清晰，能够为不同层次考生根据不同能力确认主旨信息的文本。前文的选择一定既要信息完整，可以提炼观点，又要为下面的续写留有余地，考验命题者的选文判断能力。高质量地完成读后续写最重要的是要通过大量阅读信息的输入，形成一定的阅读思维能力。沉淀思维，归纳信息，梳理脉络，转换思维，那么阅读的思维能力注定会迅速提升，对续写的前文的理解是这一题型的最关键部分，否则后面的续写就不会有任何形成思维的信息输入，也就谈不上输出了！多读，多思维，多沉淀，多拓展，这是应对读后续写的重要环节！二、题型特点读后续写的阅读材料一般以350词以内的记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，偶有少量议论文。考生要在此文的后面接着续写约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。情节曲折跌宕，线索性和逻辑性较强。考生要抓住故事的叙事线索，依据原文的写作思路续写文章，并适当发散。写作要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，在规定时间内展开合理的想象，并运用所学的英语知识完成一篇约150词左右的续写。原文给出10处左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5个以上。续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已经给出。考生所续写的部分要有创新性，不是原文的抄写或胡编乱造，同时，还要带有原文色彩(必须使用原文5处以上的关键词语)。续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理续写。完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。续写时要尽可能与原材料的中心思想和语言风格上保持一致。读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是要在所给段落开头和所标出关键词的帮助下完成续写部分(150词左右)。其中，段落开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向某个方面发展，所续写部分不能脱离各自的段落开头语另起炉灶，要在其基础上进行拓展发挥。读后续写要求读写并重，需要考生对给定材料精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言，读后续写有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如：what would happen next?续写部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可根据自己对上文材料的理解，对文章的结尾做出不同的诠释。(2018浙江卷6月)阅读下面短文， 根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。it was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.he decided to take me on a trip to the wild west.we took a plane to albuquerque，a big city in the state of new mexico.we reached albuquerque in the late afternoon.uncle_paul,_my dads friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in pecos.his wife tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons ryan and kyle.my dad and i spent the night in the guestroom of the farm_house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.very early in the morning, uncle paul woke us up to have breakfast.“the day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said.after breakfast，i went to help aunt tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with uncle paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). i was impressed to see my dad and uncle paul riding horses.they looked really cool. in the afternoon，i asked uncle paul if i could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me.i wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.so，my dad and i put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountains.“dont be late for supper，” uncle paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you dont get_lost！”“ok！”my dad cried back.after a while uncle paul and his farm house were out of sightit was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. it looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。paragraph 1：suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse._paragraph 2：we had no idea where we were and it got dark._paragraph 1：suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. afraid that i might hurt the lovely small creature, i automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. however, it became scared and started to run like crazy. all this coming, without warning, i was seized by fear. “dont let go the rope! keep calm！” yelled dad. i followed what he told me to. to my relief, it stopped slowly. but before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got_lost. paragraph 2： we had no idea where we were and it got dark. exhausted and hungry, i wondered if we could find our way back. i kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to calm down. it was then that my mind raced. “listen, dad, the rushing river water，” i shouted excitedly, “we can return to the farm_house down the river” before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. we knew we were safe. what a thrilling vacation, like never before, we had! (2017浙江卷11月)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。a vacation with my motheri had an interesting childhood. it was filled with surprises and amusements, all because of my motherloving, sweet, yet absentminded and forgetful. one strange family trip we took when i was eleven tells a lot about her. my two sets of grandparents lived in colorado and north dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. as the first day of our trip approached, david,_my eightyearold brother, and i unwillingly said goodbye to all of our friends. who knew if wed ever see them again? finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. we bravely drove off again two hours later after wed returned home to get the purse and travelers checks mom had forgotten.david and i were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if mom was driving while dad slept: “you stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while i go, and ill stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” i had terrible pictures in my mind：“honey, where are the kids？”“what？！ oh, gosh.i thought they were being awfully quiet.” we were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we werent about to take any chances.on the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. after driving in vain for some time, mom suddenly got a great idea: why didnt we find a house with a likelylooking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? david and i became nervous. to our great relief, dad turned down the idea. mom never could understand our objections(反对). if a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, mom would have been delighted. she thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is. we finally found a vacancy in the next town. 注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。paragraph 1：the next day we remembered the brandnew tent we brought with us._paragraph 2：we drove through several states and saw lots of sights along the way._paragraph 1：the next day we remembered the brandnew tent we brought with us. we were happy to see it still packed, and hoped it would be packed forever. however, things came to its turning point. mom lost dad in the gas station when we were sleeping. whats worse, as the dark approached, we met the same trouble again. fearful as mom was, she decided to camp near the road waiting for dad. the wind cried widely like a monster. tears took control of us. mom embraced us tightly singing a smooth song, which really relaxed us. we didnt met dad in the last few days, but we felt comfortable staying with mom.paragraph 2：we drove through several states and saw lots of sights along the way. the tent became a closer friend then. every time we camped, mom would read a book or sing a soft song. the warmth of her arms never faded away in my memory. though she was forgetful，laughter accompanied us along the way. we finally met poor dad in our destination. this trip made me realize that love may have many ways, but it can always warm people in the dark.一、写作步骤1读文：精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜(结尾)”。确定文章体裁和题材(话题)。注意文中的关键词，也就是故事中的时间、地点、人物和事件。2审题：仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生做到“心中有数”。3谋段：先仔细阅读续写部分所给出的两段段首文字，再构思这两段要写的段落大意。根据确定好的段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词。结合这些关键词，确定每一段的写作要点。这两段加起来要能写出10到15个句子，以满足续写词数要求。4回扣：回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。5初写：拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语(5个以上)。另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。6定稿：写好初稿后，考生要结合原材料中故事线索读一读自己续写的内容。既要确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方，又要做到内容上前后连贯，语句通顺。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。二、续写方法1精读所给语言材料，理清文章脉络并明确作者的论点，确定文章主旨。2寻求前文与续写段段首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度，设计并发展情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。3后续情节一般为故事的高潮或延续，是原作者声音的延续、态度的延伸，因此，要尽量符合原文思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。4续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。5利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。6如果所给短文为议论文，那么议论文中的段落首句多为主题句，观点鲜明。续写时，要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法，如正反对比、例证等。三、 评分原则1本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。4拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对文章的影响程度予以考虑。5如书写较差以致影响文章，可将分数降低一个档次。6评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；(2)内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；(4)上下文的连贯性。各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述第五档(2125)与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第四档(1620)与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。 第三档(1115)与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档(610)与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。第一档(15)与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。写出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。0白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。四、备考建议面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，便可以对此新题型做到得心应手。1充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。2经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。3与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。4进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习，可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。for decades before my mothers diagnosis(诊断) of alzheimers in 2001, we had suffered a tense relationship born from her alcoholism. when i learned she had alzheimers, my hope for reconciliation(言归于好) and forgiveness disappearedalong with her abilities to think.but the world of alzheimers is full of surprises! as moms disease progressed, the ways i had disappointed her disappeared from her consciousness, and our struggles over my healthy life choices that differed from hers effortlessly ended. in her“now”， i was her kind, loving companion.my faithful presence was all that mattered to her; and for the first time in my life, i felt wholeheartedly accepted by my momjust exactly as i am. the wounds from the past began to heal in the arms of a mother who loved me in the present.for our relationship to truly heal,_my acceptance of mom was also essential. having learned about the process of decline determined by alzheimers, i acknowledged her limitations. i let go of expecting her to be the mother i had always wanted, and accepted the mother wholeheartedly she now was. after doing this, i noticed that she had, in many ways, become the mother i needed.because i didnt expect, demand, or want mom to be anyone other than who she was at each moment, she became the one person who could never let me down. i gratefully received_whatever she offered, not asking for more. from this viewpoint, i realized just how much mom was still able to giveincluding important things a daughter needs from her mother. for example, i trusted that she would be available to me(she was living in a secure memory care unit) whenever i was sad or stressed and needed a hugfrom my mom. she was always happy to see me. always. and she let me know that i was appreciatedthrough looks, smiles, touches, and sounds.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。paragraph 1：perhaps mom lacked the ability to intentionally mother me in these ways._paragraph 2：i also believe she couldnt possibly enjoy the excitement and laughs on her own. but how i wish mom could speak._one possible version：paragraph 1：perhaps mom lacked the ability to intentionally mother me in these ways. however, i, in turn, received such comfort, protection and love that only a mother could give. we watched tv together; we had a program from my childhood that she also liked to watch but this time it was as if our roles were reversedi understood everything and she rejoiced every time i did. every time i laughed or cried she squeezed my hand or gave me a kiss on the cheek. she was just so happy to share in the experience.paragraph 2：i also believe she couldnt possibly enjoy the excitement and laughs on her own. but how i wish mom could speak.“gracie is such a silly girl，”i laughed and mom squeezed my hand and smiled.“falling down ditches and getting in trouble with the boys，”i cried, rubbing moms nose and receiving a gracie laugh in return. all done with gentleness, compassion, and reverence for the complete trust of me that was reflected in her eyes. im not sure which one of us was healed more by what felt like an experience of “mutual mothering”读后续写(一) (建议用时：每篇25分钟)a阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。somewhere，sometime，there lived a rich man whose name was kadishhe had an only son called atzelkadish had a distant relative，an orphan(孤儿) girl，called aksahatzel was a tall boy with black hair and black eyes.aksah had blue eyes and golden hair.both were about the same age.as children，they ate together，studied together，and played together.it was taken for granted that when they grew up they would get_marriedbut when they had grown up，atzel suddenly became ill.it was a_sickness no one had ever heard of before. atzel imagined that he was dead.how did such an idea come to him? it seems he had had an old nurse who always told stories about paradise(天堂)she had told him that in paradise it was not necessary to work or to study.in paradise one ate the meat of wild oxen(牛) and whales; one slept late into the day; and one had no_dutiesatzel was lazy by nature.he hated to get up early and to study.he knew that one day he would have to take over his_fathers_business and he did not want to.since the only way to get to paradise was to die，he had made up his mind to do just that as quickly as possible.he thought about it so much that soon he began to imagine that he was dead.of course his_parents became terribly worried.aksah cried in secret.the_family did everything possible to try to convince(使相信) atzel that he was still alive，but he refused to believe them.he would say，“why dont you bury me? you see that i am dead.because of you i cannot get to paradise.”注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。paragraph 1: many doctors were called in to examine atzel._paragraph 2: the wise man took a look at atzel and called out，“why do you keep a dead body in the house? why dont you make a funeral(葬礼)？”_one possible version：paragraph 1：many doctors were called in to examine atzel. they tried all methods they knew to make atzel believe that he was alive. they pointed out that he was talking and eating while dead people could do neither. but before long, atzel began to eat less, and he hardly spoke. the_family feared that he would die soon. so aksah went to ask a wise man for help.paragraph 2：the wise man took a look at atzel and called out. “why do you keep a dead body in the house? why dont you make a funeral (葬礼)？”hearing these words, atzel smiled and sai