人教版选修七Unit 3 Under the sea Learning about language课时作业（9）.docx

unit 3 under the sea learning about language课时作业第一节 阅读理解the most important determining factor of success or failureat work and in lifeis self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.for millions of years, the ancestors of humans evolved painfully slowly. however, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviour, as well as to see things from others point of view. not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical. there is strong scientific evidence that people who know themselves and how others see them are happier. they are smarter, superior students. they raise more mature children. they also tend to be more creative, confident and less aggressive.but for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺瞒) rather than the cold hard truth. our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. recent generations have grown up in a world obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷的), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilitiesfrom leadership skills to achievements at school and work. whats scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.how can we avoid this fate?we must work on two specific types of insight. internal self-awareness is an inward understanding of our passions and aspirations, strengths and weaknesses and so on. and external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside.it would be easy to assume that someone with internal self-awareness would also be externally awarethat being in touch with our feelings and emotions helps us turn into how were seen. strangely, research has often shown no relationship between the twosome studies have even revealed an inverse (相反的) one.for those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden pitfalls (陷阱) that make insight actually impossible.1.the first three paragraphs center around .a.the intelligence gap between modern men and their ancestorsb.the sharp contrast between self-awareness of today and the pastc.the necessity of a shift in self-awareness to satisfy the need todayd.the significance of self-awareness in human survival and advancement2.whats the problem with “me” focused society nowadays?a.peoples performance and abilities are overlooked.b.its difficult to obtain an objective assessment of ourselves.c.competent people tend to be unconfident of their leadership skills.d.modern people fail to bring their special qualities into full play.3.what does the writer stress in this passage?a.knowing how others see us is the key to success.b.understanding ourselves inward contributes to a better fate.c.self-examination helps us gain true insight into ourselves.d.internal self-awareness and external self-awareness are closely related.第二节 任务型阅读small talk may make us happiersmall talk. chit-chat. these are the short conversations we have at parties, while we are waiting in line at the store, at family events or at work. sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well. often we have to make small talk with complete strangers. many people find these small conversations about random topics difficult. some people say they hate it. others say small talk is a waste of time. they may even call it inactive chit-chat or inactive chatter, meaning it doesnt do anything. they consider small talk unimportant.however, small talk is important.these exchanges can open doors that may lead to larger, more meaningful conversations. when you first meet someone or talk to someone you dont know well, it would be awkward to begin a conversation. however, small talk does help. small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person better or not. chit-chat can also increase your feeling of understanding of people you know but not well. chatting with a colleague about their child may help you to understand more of their life outside the office. this could help build healthy work relationships. small talk could even help our larger communitiesour relationships with neighbors and colleagues.however, some people are not good at small talk. making small talk doesnt have to be either awkward or boring. here are some tips to improve your small-talking ability.have some conversation starters ready.if you have seen a really good movie or have read a really good book, you can talk about that. you can talk about something that you recently learned. when you are sharing the same experience with someone, its easy to start a conversation. you simply notice and comment on whats going on around you. for example, if you are at a party and a song comes on that you like or that reminds you of something, you can talk about that.ask open-ended questions.these types of questions require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer. if you ask questions that need more details to answer, the conversation will go on longer. for example, if you are at a summer pool party, dont ask a person if they like summer. instead, ask them what they like or dislike about summer. so, instead of getting a one-word answer, you might have the chance to share in a memory.become a student.nobody knows everything. so, as someone is answering one of your open-ended questions, they bring up something about which you know nothing. so, tell them! this lets the other person become the teacher. they feel good about sharing their knowledge and you get to learn something. its a win-win situation.dont ask “so, what do you do?”some people do not like their jobs. or maybe they dont want to talk about it. so, instead of asking, “what do you do for a living?” you may ask something like, “so, what have you been doing these days?” or “so, what have you been up to?” one general question can lead to an opportunity to share something you have in common. so, ask questions. ask people about their families, their ambitions or even their fears. however, balance these questions with comments about yourself. asking too many questions may make people feel they are in an interview rather than in a conversation.like anything else, getting good at making small talk takes practice. if you make small talk in your native language, you might become happier. if you make small talk in english, you will most definitely improve your speaking and listening skills.outlinesupporting detailsintroduction small talk or chit-chat is a short conversation we usually conduct on different 1 with different people. small talk draws a mix of 2 and criticism among public.significance of small talksmall talk is the foundation of spiritual communication which not only helps you break the 3 when staying with strangers, but also helps establish a healthy relationship with them.4 to improvingsmall-talking ability make 5 for some conversation starters.wed better talk about things that were 6 with, for similar experiences can make a conversation easier to start. ask open-ended questions.a general question will probably 7 your conversations, while open-ended questions will make your conversations last longer. become a student.be honest and modest in something new. a win-win situation will 8 after mutual sharing and learning. dont ask “so, what do you do?”balance questions with comments about ourselves and 9 talking about something people dislike.conclusion practice makes perfect!small talk in native language can bring 10 a sense of happiness, and small talk in english can improve your oral english.参考答案阅读理解语篇解读本文为议论文。文章阐述了自我意识在人类生存和发展中的重要性,并分析了别人对我们的看法往往比我们的自我看法更客观和真实。由此指出,了解别人是如何看待我们的,这是成功的关键。1.d主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.及第三段第一句though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical.可知,自我意识在人类的生存和发展中无比重要。这是前面三段的主旨。故选d项。2.b细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句but for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺瞒) rather than the cold hard truth. our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. 可知,对于大多数人来说,选择自我欺骗比面对冷酷的事实要容易些,因而客观的自我评价由于逃避而很难获得。故选b项。3.a推理判断题。根据第一段可知,自我意识是个人在工作和生活中获得成功的决定性因素,从最后一段可知,其他人经常比我们自己更客观地看待我们。由此推断出,了解别人是如何看待我们的,这是成功的关键。故选a项。任务型阅读语篇解读本文主要说明闲聊很重要,这种交流可以打开我们通向更广泛、更有意义对话的大门。而且闲聊可能会让我们更加快乐。最后文章向读者介绍几个提高闲聊能力的技巧。1.occasions根据第一段中的“these are the short conversations we have at parties, while we are waiting in line at the store, at family events or at work.”可知,寒暄、闲聊是在不同场合和不同人进行的简短对话。故这里用occasions“场合”。2.praise根据第一段和第三段的内容可知,一些人认为闲聊没用,然而有些人认为闲聊是非常重要的,有很多的好处。可知闲聊在公众中会引起赞扬和批评,故这里用praise。3.ice根据第三段中的“when you first meet someone or talk to someone you dont know well, it would be awkward to begin a conversation. however,small talk does help.small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person better or not. chit-chat can also increase your feeling of understanding of people you know but not well.”可知当你第一次见到某人或是跟不太熟悉的人对话时,闲聊可以让你有机会决定是否想要进一步了解那个人;闲聊还能增进你对不太熟悉的人的了解或共鸣。和陌生人待在一起时,闲聊可以打破僵局。break the ice打破僵局,打破冷场。故这里用ice。4.approaches根据第四段中的“here are some tips to improve your small-talking ability.”