初二英语(人教版)教案Unit 11 Keep healthy.doc

第十一单元Keep healthy!一、 教法建议抛砖引玉单元双基学习目标.词汇学习：was,yesterday,ill,remember,were,hope,bring,bad,after,year,never,less,hour,sport,look after,yesterday morning,in bed,be good for,be bad for,eye exercise,last year,less than a week,more than two weeks,how often,be late for,do sport,wasnt,werent,health,healthy,November,yourself,always,vegetables.语法学习 熟练掌握动词be的过去式的构成及肯定句、疑问句中的用法。.交际英语： What day was it yesterday? It was Monday. I was away yesterday. What was wrong?were you ill? I was a little ill. I hope you are better now. Thats OK.I am sorry to hear that.指点迷津单元重点词汇点拨 1.health健康，卫生 Wish you good health.祝你健康。 Health is much more important than money.健康比金钱更重要。 【点拨】be in good health身体好。如： He is always in good(poor,bad)health.他的身体一直很好。 2.healthy健康的，健壮的。 Shes a very healthy child.她是个非常健康的孩子。 【点拨】该词为不可数名词，是health的形容词形式。keep sb.healthy=keep sb.in good health使某人保持良好的身体状态。如： He looks very healthy.他看起来很健壮。 3.was是(过去的) When he was a child,he liked to ask questions.当他是孩子的时候，他很喜欢问问题。 【点拨】was是am,is的过去时，were是are的过去时。 My father and mother were good doctors in America.在美国我父亲和母亲是个好医生。 4.yesterday昨天 What day was yesterday?昨天是星期几? Yesterday was Monday.昨天是星期一。 【点拨】该词可作名词，出可作时间副词。the day before yesterday前天。 I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他。 5.November十一月 It is very cold here in November.十一月这里非常冷。 【点拨】英语中表月份的词首字母要大写。 6.ill病的 She is ill,so she cant come to school today.她病了，所以她今天不能来学校。 【点拨】该词常用表语，同义词是sick。fall ill/sick得病,be ill/sick有病。如： He has been ill for three days.=He fell ill three days ago.他已经病三天了。 7.hope希望 I hope to see you again soon.我希望不久能再见到你。 I hope I can finish it before 5.我希望5点前能干完。 【点拨】不能说hope sb.to do，但可说hope to do，hope that。如： We hope you will the first.我们希望你能赢。 8.remember记起，记得 I cant remember his telephone number.我不能记起他的电话号码。 【点拨】注意其后“+不定式”是“记住去干”的意思，而“+ing”是“记得干过了”的意思。如： Please remember to post the letter for me on your way home. I remember paying you that.我记得付了款。 9.bring带来，拿来 Please bring me an umbrella.请给我带把雨伞。 Theyll bring you some flowers next time.下次他们将给你带些鲜花来。 【点拨】其过去式及过去分词是brought。bring是从别处拿来，take是从说话处“拿走”。fetch是“一去一回”。如： Remember to bring your sister here next time.记住，下次带你的妹妹来这里。 10.yourself你自己 Can you repair the bike yourself?你自己能修这辆自行车吗? 【点拨】复数为yourselves你们自己。help yourself to随便用。 11.bad坏的 He is a bad boy.他是个坏男孩。 【点拨】它的比较级是worse,最高级是worst。 12.after在以后 Winter comes after autumn.过了秋天是冬天。 Please close the door after you.请随手关门。 【点拨】该词作介词可指时间也可指位置之后，另外也可作连词引导句子。如： I went to bed after I did my homework.做完功课后我去睡觉。 13.year年 There are 365 days in a year.一年有365天。 Happy New Year to You!祝你新年快乐! 【点拨】在哪年用介词in。year by year年复一年(侧重性质的变化)，year after year年复一年(侧重动作的重复)。试比较： He sent me birthday present year after year.他每年都送我生日礼物，从不间断。 He is growing year by year.他一年一年地长大了。 14.never决不，从来没有 Ill never forget it.我从来没有忘记过。 She never goes to a dancing party.她从没参加过舞会。 【点拨】其语气比not强。当never位于句首时，句子要倒装。如： Never has she been to Beijing.她从来没去过北京。 下面的句子应注意理解never与反意疑问句的运用： They have never seen such a long film,have they?他们没看过这么长的电影，是不是? 15.less少于，小于 We have less milk than you have.我们的牛奶比你们的少。 A poor man has less money than a rich man.一个穷人比一个富人的钱少得多。 16.always总是，一直 The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。 We will always keep this in mind.我们会永远把它珍藏心底。 She is always the first to come and the last to leave.她总是第一个来。最后一个离开。 【点拨】该词语气比often强，带有感情色彩。be always doing总是，含赞扬、讨厌、讽刺、不满等感情色彩。如： My father is always working on Sunday.我父亲星期日总是在工作。单元词组思维运用 1.keep healthy保持健康 You should practise more to keep health.你应该加强锻炼，保持健康。 【提示】不能说keep health. 2.look after=take care of照顾，照看 You should look after your mother.你应该照看母亲， Who is looking after your baby?谁看护你的孩子? 【提示】take care of照顾，照看，照料，是look after的同义词组。 3.in bed在睡觉 When I got home she was in bed.当我到家的时候，她在睡觉。 【提示】表睡觉时bed前不用冠词。 4.last week上周，上星期 Where were you last week?你上周去哪儿了? We had a good time last week.我们上周玩得很高兴。 【提示】该短语前不用介词。 5.yesterday morning昨天早晨，昨天上竿 What were you doing this time yesterday morning?昨天上午这个时候你在做什么? I was late yesterday morning.我昨天早晨晚到了。 6.be good for对有益(有好处) Morning exercise is good for you.做早操对你有好处。 The teachers words are good for you.老师的话对你有好处。 【提示】be good at擅长于，在方面学得，做得好。be good to sb.对某人好。如： She is good at English.她擅长英语。 7.be bad for对有害 Dont read in the sun,Its bad for your eyes.别在阳光下看书，它对你的眼睛有害。 Smoking is bad for the health.吸烟有害健康。 【提示】该短语是be good for的反义词。 8.less than(a week)不到(一周) He stayed here less than a week.他在那儿呆了不到一星期。 You should finish it in less than a week.你要在一周内完成它。 【提示】less than是“不到(用)”之意。又如： It took me less than ten minutes to get there.用不了十分钟我就到那样了。 The woman is less than forty years old.这位妇女不到40岁。 9.more than(two weeks)(两周)多 When will you finish this work?这个工作你什么时候干完? Ill finish it in more than two weeks.我将用两完成它。 【提示】more than后亦可变成three(five)weeks三(五)周多，nore than five metres 五米多远，more than two years两年多。 There are more than fifty students in this class.这个班有50多个学生。 10.how often多久，多长 How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次? How often do you write to your friend?你多久给你的朋友写一封信? 【提示】该短语用来提问频率。 11.be late for迟到 Dont be late for school.上学别迟到。 I was late for the meeting for 20 minutes.我开会去晚了20分钟。 12.take a walk散散步 I take a walk every morning.我每天早上散步。 【提示】类似词组还有：take a rest休息一下；take seat坐下，坐一坐；take a bath洗个澡。它们相当于have a walk 散散步，have a rest休息一下，have bath洗个澡。 13.no more than只不过，仅仅 There are no more than ten tickets left.剩不下10张票了。 I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.我的钱包里仅有5元钱。 【提示】no more than与not more的意思不一样，no more than(只不过)，有“少”的意思。not more than(不多于)没有“多”或“少”的意思，只是客观说明数目。如： I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.我口袋里最多有5元钱。 14.be late for,be late to,be late(in)的区别 Hurry up.or well be late for the train.快点，不然就赶不上火车了。 【提示】be late for后接名词，往往强调主语(某人)晚了，迟了。be late to是“迟迟去，很晚去”，后接名词时，to是介词。后接动词时，to是不定式。be late(in)表示“(做某事)晚了”，往往强调本身晚了，in后接动名词。in常省去。如： Its not too late to go now.现在走还不晚。 Sorry,I was late(in)getting up this morning.对不起，今天早晨我起晚了。二、 学海导航学法指要单元句型思维明晰 1.Im sorry表示歉意的句型 Im sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过。 be sorry表示“难过，遗憾，抱歉”。如： Im sorry to hear that you are ill.很遗憾，听说你病了。 Im sorry I cant answer your question.对不起，我不能回答你的问题。 2.I hope表示“希望”的句型 I hope youre better now.我希望你现在好点了。 hope后面可接从句作宾语，也可接动词不定式作宾语。如： I hope it will be fine day tomorrow.我希望明天是个好天气。 I hope to see you some day(some day soon).希望有一天能见到你。 1)注意：hope和wish的区别。 hope一般表示预计有可能实现的希望，如希望做某事，希望得到某物或发生某事。 wish除了可表示可以实现的希望外，常常用来表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，或者希望的与现不一样，或用作祝愿。试比较： He hoped to get the first prize.他希望得最高奖。 She wished she were a bird.她希望自己是一只鸟。 2)hope后面可接不定式或宾语从句，不能接“宾语+不定式”，或动名词。如： I hope to see him.() I hope that I shall see him.() I hope you to see him again.() I hope seeing him again.() 3.wish可接不定式或“宾语+不定式”。如： I wish to go there.我真想去那里。 I wish him to succeed.我希望他成功。单元难点疑点释疑 1.What day was it yesterday? 1)What day用来询问星期几。类似的说法还有：What day is it today?What day of the week in it today?回答：Its Tuesday或者Today is Tuesday. 2)it在句中指时间，即指星期几。it还可以指人或者物。如： Who is it? It must be Mr Smith. Its cold today. 2.Everyone is here.but Jims away,I think hes ill.每个人都到了，但吉姆不在，我想他也许病了。 1)everyone是代词，指every student.如： Everyone in our class likes to enjoy the music.我们每个人都喜欢音乐。 2)be here在这儿，be away不在这儿。如： They are away from here.They are in the room.他们离开这儿了，他们在房间里。 3.I was not here yesterday? 这是一般过去式句型，它表示过去发生的动作或状态，句中was是am的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如： Where were you born?你生在哪里? I was born in Washington.我在华盛顿出生。 4.What was wrong?你怎么啦? What was wrong.是What was wrong with you?的省略形式，表示问候。类似的说法还有Whats the matter with you或Whats your trouble?如： Rose,you keep silent,whats the matter with you? I was ill. Whats wrong with you,sir? I cant find my wallet. 5.Im sorry to hear that. 1)that是上文中提到的I was a little ill yesterday. 2)be sorry对抱歉(难过，遗憾)。如： I am sorry to hear you had your leas broken.听说你的腿骨折了，我很难过。 6.I hope you are better now.希望你现在好点。 1)hope后既可接不定式作定语，也可接宾语从句，但不能说hope sb.to do sth.如： I hope that I can make much money.我希望能挣更多的钱。 I hope to see you every day.我希望每天见到你。 2)be better意为“身体比以前好些”。如： Jackson is much better than before. Jackson比以前好多了。 7.keep healthy保持健康 1)keep是动词，意为“保持的状态”。如：keep silent保持沉默，keep warm保温，keep the door open让门开着。 2)healthy是名词health的形容词形式，意为“健康的”。如： The old men near the river are very healthy.河边的那位老人十分健康。 8.Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health?电视看得太多对你的健康是有益还是有害? Watching TV too much看电视过多。这是动名词短语，在句中作主语。如： Doing some running in the morning is good to us.早晨跑步对我们的健康有好处。 9.How long were you away last year?去年你缺习多长时间? 1)How long多长，表示时间的长短。如： How long can I keep this book? 2)how long还可以用来问距离。如： How long is the Great wall?长城有多长? 10.How often do you watch TV?你多长时间看一次电视? 1)how often 指“频率”，如： How often do you write to your girlfriend?你多长时间给你的女朋友写一次信。 Once a day.一天一次。 2)how还可以与其他词搭配，如：How old?多大，How many?多少(接可数名词)，How much?多少(接不可数名词)，How far?多远，How long?多长。 11.How many hours of sport do you do every week?你每天运动多少小时? We usually do sport after class.课后我们经常进行体育锻炼。 有关体育运动方面的短语有：a sports meet 运动会，a sport meeting运动会，a sports field运动场，sports goods体育用品，sports shoes运动鞋等。 12.always,usually,often,quite often,sometimes,never的用法比较 以上这些词，我们称它们为副词，它们都是表示频率的副词。这些词之间的程度该怎样区分呢?有的语言学家作了百分比的区分，以显示这些副词所内含的频度概念。比方说“常常”，究竟要是占百分之几呢?“有时”又要占百分之几?虽然这种百分比的区分并非纸张对准确，但至少可以有一个大概的分类。 always老是，经常(100%)usually通常(80%)often,quite often时常(70%)sometimes有时(20%)never从不(0%)妙文赏析A Good-Bye Gift When Michael Ma died,his three best friends went to his funeral(葬礼). They stood for a moment,looking down into the grave of their friend. “He was a good friend,”the first person said.“He was generous(慷慨的)and kind.Lets give him some money to use in heaven(天堂).” The other two friends agreed.They thought this was a good idea. The first friend took his wallet out of his pocket,opened it and took out a $100 bill.Then he threw it into the grave(坟墓). The second friend did not want the other two to think he was stingy,so he also took out his wallet. “Youre right,”he said.“He always helped his friends.He deserves to have everything he needs in his next life.” And with these words,he also threw a hundred dollar bill(钞票)into the grave. The third man looked at the other two,and thought carefully for several minutes.He did not want them to think he was stingy,but he really did hate spending money. At last,he bent down,took the two hundred doollar bills out of the grave and put them in his pocket. Then he took out his checkbook and wrote a check(支票)for three hundred dollars.He then threw the check into the grave. “I havent got any change,”he said.“but that check is for three hundred dollars,so Ive given the same as you.”思维体操根据上句完成下句，使两句与句意相同： 1.What does he do? What he? What job? 2.We live in a place called Banqiao. We live in a place Banqiao. 3.Every one is here,but Zhongrongs away. Everyone is here,but Zhongrong . Everyone is here,but Zhongrong . Everyone is here,but Zhongrongs . 4.John is a Canadian. John is .John Canada. John Canada. 5.Mr Green wasnt at work. Mr Green work. 6.My book is here. my book.【参考答案】1.is,is his 2.named 3.isnt here,isnt in,away from school 4.Canadian,comes from,is from 5.was away from 6.Here is三、 智能显示心中有数单元语法发散思维.含be的一般过去时： 一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。学习含有be的一般过去时应注意： 1.一般过去时的确定：动词时态的确定一般是由时间状语决定的。表示过去的时间状语常用的有： 1)yesterday,yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening),the day before yesterday。 2)last+时间名词。如：last week(year,month,term,Sunday,night等)。 3)一般时间+ago。如：a day(a week,two months,a few years,a moment)ago. 4)just now,then等。 2.句型结构 1)肯定句：主语+was/were+表语+表过去的时间状语。如： Tom was at school the day before yesterday.前天汤姆在学校。 Jim and I were at home last Sunday.吉姆和我上周日在家。 2)否定句：在was或were后加not，其缩写为：wasnt,werent.如： Xiao Lin wasnt at home yesterday.小林昨天不在家。 Han Mei werent at the office just now.韩梅现在正好不在办公室。 3)一般疑问句：把was或were提到主语前面，句末用问号。简略回答用：Yes，主语+was/were.或No,主语+wasnt/werent。如： Was he ill last night? Yes,he was.(No,he wasnt.) Were you late for class yesterday? Yes,I was.(No,I wasnt)或Yes,we were.(No,we werent.).how引起的疑问句： 用所给的词组填空：How long,How often,How soon,How tall,How old,How high How far,How much,How many,How heavy. 1. is Lucy going to leave for Canada? In two weeks. 2. are you going to stay here? About two weeks 3. does Lily write to you? Three times a month 4. is Mrs Green? I think she is over seventy. 5. is it from here to the nearest station? Its about the kilometres away. 6. is that bike? Its two hundred yuan. 7. is the hill? Its more than 100 metres high. 8. is the building? Its about twenty metres. 9. women teachers are there in your school? About forty. 10 water is there in the glass? only a little. 11. is the bag of rice? Its about fifty kilos.【参考答案】 1.How soon询问“将来多久”才做某事。 2.How long询问“多长时间”。 3.How often询问“频率”。 4.How old询问“年龄”。 5.How far询问“距离”。 6.How much询问“价钱”。 7.How high询问“多高”，常指山。 8.How tall询问“多高”，常指人、大楼或树。 9.How man询问“多少”，后而接可数名词复数。 10.How much询问“多少”，后面接不可数名词。 11.How heavy询问“多重”。动脑动手单元能力立体检测.用所给单词填空： take,bring,carry,get 1.Please your friends to our party next time. 2.The woman is ill.Let me her to the hospital. 3.He is a heavy box to the station. 4.Must I go back to my home to my book. 5.this empty glass away and me a full one.【参考答案】 1.bring 2.take 3.carrying 4.get 5.Take,bring.要点分析： 1. were you not at school last term? More than a week. A.How often B.How long C.When D.How soon 2.Was Mrs Green at work ? A.last day B.last week C.this week D.next week 3.Dont read bed.Its bad your eyes. A.in,for B.on,of C.at,for D.in,to 4.Bob is only boy of eight. A.a little B.a few C.little D.few 5.Mr Smith is going to school for three days next week. A.be away B.leave from C.be away from D.leave 6.I want to bed eleven last night. A.less than B.more than C.later than D.much than【参考答案】 1.B。根据答语more than a week(多于一周)为一段时间，因此应用how long提问。2.B。句中be使用的是过去式was，因此句尾时间状语应用表示过去的时间状语。last day为错误的表达方式，this week这周，next week下周，均不表过去，因此选B。3.A。指人睡在床上用in bed。bed前不加冠词或其他限定词。the bed前要用one表体在床上，因此排除B、C。be bad表“对有害”时，用for(连接为固定搭配)，因此排除D。 4.A。a little作为形容词，意为“小的”，用来修饰boy。 5.C。句中时间状语为一段时间，谓语动词不能用短暂性动词leave,因此排除B、D。另外，away为副词，不能直接与名词搭配，需使用介词，因此排除A，选C。6.C。than为比较连词，前面的形容词或副词要使用比较级，因此排除D。A、B项中的less与more指数量的多与少，不指时间，因此选later than“迟于”。创新园地连词成句，然后再改成一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答： 1.they,here,early,were,morning,this ? . . 2.Can,the,finish,they,today,work ? . . 3.basketball,lunch,playing,after,is,us,bad,for ? . . 4.were,not,you,yesterday,here,afternoon ? . . 5.hope,an,we,earlier,train,be,cath ? . .【参考答案】 1.They were here early this morning.Were they here early this morning? Yes,they were./No,they werent 2.They can finish the work today.Can they finish the work today? Yes,they can./No.they cant. 3.Playing basketball after lunch is bad for us.Is playing basketball after lunch is bad for us? Yes,it is./No,it isnt. 4.You were not here yesterday afternoon.Were you not(Werent you)here yesterday afternoon? Yes,I was./No,I wasnt. 5.He hopes we catch an earlier train.Does he hopes we catch an earlier train?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.四、同步题库.根据要求写单词： 1.Health (形容词) 2.good (反义词) 3.first (反义词) 4.f